Photoinduced metal-free atom transfer radical polymerizations: state-of-the-art, mechanistic aspects and applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 1757-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorkem Yilmaz ◽  
Yusuf Yagci
Keyword(s):  
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Synthetic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Chemistry ◽  
Macromolecular Structure ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Intensive Research

Photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization has recently been the center of intensive research in synthetic polymer chemistry because of the unique possibility of topological and temporal control in addition to precise control of macromolecular structure offered by conventional ATRP.

Photoinduced Metal-Free Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Acrylonitrile

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangcheng Pan ◽  
Melissa Lamson ◽  
Jiajun Yan ◽  
Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Free Atom ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Metal Free

scholarly journals Advances in Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hu ◽  
Ning Zhu ◽  
Kai Guo
Keyword(s):  
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Feasible Solution ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Metal Free

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most robust tools to prepare well-defined polymers with precise topologies and architectures. Although series of improved ATRP methods have been developed to decrease the metal catalyst loading to parts per million, metal residue is the key limiting factor for variety of applications, especially in microelectronic and biomedical area. The feasible solution to this challenge would be the establishment of metal-free ATRP. Since 2014, organocatalyzed ATRP (O-ATRP) or metal free ATRP has achieved significant progress by developing kinds of organic photoredox catalysts. This review highlights the advances in organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization as well as the potential future directions.

Organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using triarylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate salt (THS) as a photocatalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2222-2229
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Li ◽  
Sixuan Wang ◽  
Feifei Li ◽  
Lin Zhou ◽  
Lin Lei
Keyword(s):  
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Free Atom ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Methacrylate Monomers

Triarylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate salt (THS), an organic and inexpensive compound, was employed as a photocatalyst for metal free atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methacrylate monomers.

scholarly journals Engineering exosome polymer hybrids by atom transfer radical polymerization

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. e2020241118
Author(s):  
Sushil Lathwal ◽  
Saigopalakrishna S. Yerneni ◽  
Susanne Boye ◽  
Upenyu L. Muza ◽  
Shuntaro Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Polymer Hybrids ◽  
Modified Dna

Exosomes are emerging as ideal drug delivery vehicles due to their biological origin and ability to transfer cargo between cells. However, rapid clearance of exogenous exosomes from the circulation as well as aggregation of exosomes and shedding of surface proteins during storage limit their clinical translation. Here, we demonstrate highly controlled and reversible functionalization of exosome surfaces with well-defined polymers that modulate the exosome’s physiochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Using cholesterol-modified DNA tethers and complementary DNA block copolymers, exosome surfaces were engineered with different biocompatible polymers. Additionally, polymers were directly grafted from the exosome surface using biocompatible photo-mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). These exosome polymer hybrids (EPHs) exhibited enhanced stability under various storage conditions and in the presence of proteolytic enzymes. Tuning of the polymer length and surface loading allowed precise control over exosome surface interactions, cellular uptake, and preserved bioactivity. EPHs show fourfold higher blood circulation time without altering tissue distribution profiles. Our results highlight the potential of precise nanoengineering of exosomes toward developing advanced drug and therapeutic delivery systems using modern ATRP methods.

scholarly journals Visible Light-Induced Metal Free Surface Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate on SBA-15

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Ma ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Jian Zhu ◽  
Xiao Dong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Ready Availability ◽  
Enhanced Adsorption

Surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) is one of the most versatile technique to modify the surface properties of material. Recent developed metal free SI-ATRP makes such technique more widely applicable. Herein photo-induced metal-free SI-ATRP of methacrylates, such as methyl methacrylate, N-isopropanyl acrylamide, and N,N- dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, on the surface of SBA-15 was reported to fabricate organic-inorganic hybrid materials. SBA-15 based polymeric composite with adjustable graft ratio was obtained. The structure evolution during the SI-ATRP modification of SBA-15 was monitored and verified by FT-IR, XPS, TGA, BET, and TEM. The obtained polymeric composite showed enhanced adsorption ability for the model compound toluene in aqueous. This procedure provides a low cost, ready availability, and facile modification way to synthesize the polymeric composites without the contamination of metal.

Phenothiazine Derivative as Organic Photocatalyst for Metal Free Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Polymer Korea ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoan Minh Tran ◽  
Lan Ngoc Tan Phan ◽  
Thang Van Le ◽  
Thuy Thuy Truong ◽  
Tam Huu Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Free Atom ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Phenothiazine Derivative ◽  
Metal Free
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