scholarly journals Optical manipulation of animal behavior using a ruthenium-based phototrigger

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeraldith Rojas Pérez ◽  
Roberto Etchenique
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Optical Manipulation ◽  
Feeding Response ◽  
Hydra Vulgaris ◽  
Ruthenium Polypyridine

A visible-light activatable caged compound based on a ruthenium-polypyridine complex was used to elicit the feeding response of the freshwater cnidarian Hydra vulgaris.

Modulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and the feeding response by neurosteroids in Hydra vulgaris

Neuroscience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Concas ◽  
P Pierobon ◽  
M.C Mostallino ◽  
G Marino ◽  
R Minei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Feeding Response ◽  
Hydra Vulgaris

scholarly journals Microfluidics for Electrophysiology, Imaging, and Behavioral Analysis of Hydra

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna N. Badhiwala ◽  
Daniel L. Gonzales ◽  
Daniel G. Vercosa ◽  
Benjamin W. Avants ◽  
Jacob T. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Hydra Vulgaris ◽  
Behavioral Tracking ◽  
Exciting Opportunity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACTThe cnidarian Hydra vulgaris provides an exciting opportunity to discover the relationship between animal behavior and the activity of every neuron in highly plastic, diffuse network of spiking cells. However, Hydra’s deformable and contractile body makes it difficult to manipulate the local environment while recording neural activity. Here, we present a suite of microfluidic technologies capable of simultaneous electrical, chemical, and optical interrogation of these soft, deformable organisms. Specifically, we demonstrate devices that can immobilize Hydra for hours-long simultaneous electrical and optical recording, and chemical stimulation of behaviors revealing neural activity during muscle contraction. We further demonstrate quantitative locomotive and behavioral tracking made possible by confining the animal to quasi-two-dimensional micro-arenas. Together, these proof-of-concept devices show that microfluidics provide a platform for scalable, quantitative cnidarian neurobiology. The experiments enabled by this technology may help reveal how highly plastic networks of neurons provide robust control of animal behavior.

Studies of metaphase chromosomes in the scanning transmission x-ray microscope: Image fidelity, radiation damage and specimen preparation

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1038-1039
Author(s):  
Shawn Williams ◽  
Xiaodong Zhang ◽  
Susan Lamm ◽  
Jack Van’t Hof
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Transmission

The Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope (STXM) is well suited for investigating metaphase chromosome structure. The absorption cross-section of soft x-rays having energies between the carbon and oxygen K edges (284 - 531 eV) is 6 - 9.5 times greater for organic specimens than for water, which permits one to examine unstained, wet biological specimens with resolution superior to that attainable using visible light. The attenuation length of the x-rays is suitable for imaging micron thick specimens without sectioning. This large difference in cross-section yields good specimen contrast, so that fewer soft x-rays than electrons are required to image wet biological specimens at a given resolution. But most imaging techniques delivering better resolution than visible light produce radiation damage. Soft x-rays are known to be very effective in damaging biological specimens. The STXM is constructed to minimize specimen dose, but it is important to measure the actual damage induced as a function of dose in order to determine the dose range within which radiation damage does not compromise image quality.

Scanning luminescence x-ray microscopy: Progress toward selective staining using microspheres

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
C. Jacobsen ◽  
J. Fu ◽  
S. Mayer ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
S. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Polystyrene Spheres ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selective Staining ◽  
Visible Light Emission ◽  
Specific Labelling

In scanning luminescence x-ray microscopy (SLXM), a high resolution x-ray probe is used to excite visible light emission (see Figs. 1 and 2). The technique has been developed with a goal of localizing dye-tagged biochemically active sites and structures at 50 nm resolution in thick, hydrated biological specimens. Following our initial efforts, Moronne et al. have begun to develop probes based on biotinylated terbium; we report here our progress towards using microspheres for tagging.Our initial experiments with microspheres were based on commercially-available carboxyl latex spheres which emitted ~ 5 visible light photons per x-ray absorbed, and which showed good resistance to bleaching under x-ray irradiation. Other work (such as that by Guo et al.) has shown that such spheres can be used for a variety of specific labelling applications. Our first efforts have been aimed at labelling ƒ actin in Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells. By using a detergent/fixative protocol to load spheres into cells with permeabilized membranes and preserved morphology, we have succeeded in using commercial dye-loaded, spreptavidin-coated 0.03μm polystyrene spheres linked to biotin phalloidon to label f actin (see Fig. 3).

Photocatalyst-free decarboxylative aminoalkylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with N-aryl glycines enabled by visible light

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (21) ◽  
pp. 3693-3697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiu-Jian Ji ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Zhu ◽  
Li-Jin Xiao ◽  
Dong Guo ◽  
Xiao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light

A novel, green and efficient visible-light-promoted decarboxylative aminoalkylation reaction of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with N-aryl glycines has been described.

Facet Theory

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Guttman ◽  
Charles W. Greenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Facet Theory ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Spatial Configurations ◽  
Multidimensional Methods ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scalogram Analysis

This article gives an overview of Facet Theory, a systematic approach to facilitating theory construction, research design, and data analysis for complex studies, that is particularly appropriate to the behavioral and social sciences. Facet Theory is based on (1) a definitional framework for a universe of observations in the area of study; (2) empirical structures of observations within this framework; (3) a search for correspondence between the definitional system and aspects of the empirical structure for the observations. The development of Facet Theory and Facet Design is reviewed from early scale analysis and the Guttman Scale, leading to the concepts of “mapping sentence,” “universe of content,” “common range,” “content facets,” and nonmetric multidimensional methods of data analysis. In Facet Theory, the definition of the behavioral domain provides a rationale for hypothesizing structural relationships among variables employed in a study. Examples are presented from various areas of research (intelligence, infant development, animal behavior, etc.) to illustrate the methods and results of structural analysis with Smallest Space Analysis (SSA), Multidimensional Scalogram Analysis (MSA), and Partial Order Scalogram Analysis (POSA). The “radex” and “cylindrex” of intelligence tests are shown to be outstanding examples of predicted spatial configurations that have demonstrated the ubiquitous emergence of the same empirical structures in different studies. Further examples are given from studies of spatial abilities, infant development, animal behavior, and others. The use of Facet Theory, with careful construction of theory and design, is shown to provide new insights into existing data; it allows for the diagnosis and discrimination of behavioral traits and makes the generalizability and replication of findings possible, which in turn makes possible the discovery of lawfulness. Achievements, issues, and future challenges of Facet Theory are discussed.

Review of Unravelling animal behavior.

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-187
Author(s):  
Donald A. Dewsbury
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior
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