scholarly journals Pigment genes not skin pigmentation affect UVB-induced vitamin D

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pameli Datta ◽  
Peter Alshede Philipsen ◽  
Peter Olsen ◽  
Bibi Petersen ◽  
Jeppe Dyrberg Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Pigment Genes

The long-term UVB induced serum 25(OH)D increase was influenced by pigment gene polymorphisms rather than measured facultative skin pigmentation.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and risk of CVD: a review of the evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Fry ◽  
Thomas A. B. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Oily Fish

This review summarises evidence for an association between vitamin D status and CVD and the mechanisms involved. Vitamin D3 is predominantly provided by the action of UVB from sunlight on skin. Average UK diets supply 2–3 μg/d vitamin D but diets containing at least one portion of oily fish per week supply about 7 μg/d. Pharmacological doses of vitamin D2 (bolus injection of 7500 μg or intakes >50 μg/d) result in a smaller increase in plasma 25(OH)D than those of D3 but physiological doses 5–25 μg/d seem equivalent. Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations are also influenced by clothing, obesity and skin pigmentation. Up to 40 % of the population have plasma 25(OH)D concentrations <25 nmol/l in the winter compared with <10 % in the summer. The relative risk of CVD death is 1·41 (95 % CI 1·18, 1·68) greater in the lowest quintile of plasma 25(OH)D according to meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Acute deficiency may inhibit insulin secretion and promote inflammation thus increasing the risk of plaque rupture and arterial thrombosis. Chronic insufficiency may increase arterial stiffness. There is no evidence to support claims of reduced CVD from existing trials with bone-related health outcomes where vitamin D was usually co-administered with calcium. Although several trials with cardiovascular endpoints are in progress, these are using pharmacological doses. In view of the potential toxicity of pharmacological doses, there remains a need for long-term trials of physiological doses of D2 and D3 with CVD incidence as the primary outcome.

scholarly journals The importance of maternal pregnancy vitamin D for offspring bone health: learnings from the MAVIDOS trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1759720X2110069
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Moon ◽  
Elizabeth M. Curtis ◽  
Stephen J. Woolford ◽  
Shanze Ashai ◽  
Cyrus Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Positive Effects

Optimisation of skeletal mineralisation in childhood is important to reduce childhood fracture and the long-term risk of osteoporosis and fracture in later life. One approach to achieving this is antenatal vitamin D supplementation. The Maternal Vitamin D Osteoporosis Study is a randomised placebo-controlled trial, the aim of which was to assess the effect of antenatal vitamin D supplementation (1000 IU/day cholecalciferol) on offspring bone mass at birth. The study has since extended the follow up into childhood and diversified to assess demographic, lifestyle and genetic factors that determine the biochemical response to antenatal vitamin D supplementation, and to understand the mechanisms underpinning the effects of vitamin D supplementation on offspring bone development, including epigenetics. The demonstration of positive effects of maternal pregnancy vitamin D supplementation on offspring bone development and the delineation of underlying biological mechanisms inform clinical care and future public-health policies.

scholarly journals Study of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in a cohort of myocardial infarction patients with coronary artery disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damir Raljević ◽  
Viktor Peršić ◽  
Elitza Markova-Car ◽  
Leon Cindrić ◽  
Rajko Miškulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Vdr Polymorphism ◽  
Vdr Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Vdr Polymorphisms

Abstract Background Vitamin D deficiency is associated with cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery diseases (CAD). As vitamin D manifests its biological function through its vitamin D receptor (VDR), VDR gene polymorphisms potentially affect VDR functionality and vitamin D activity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze three well-studied VDR gene polymorphisms—Fok1 (rs2228570), BsmI (rs1544410) and Taq1 (rs731236)—in a cohort of CAD patients after acute myocardial infarction. Methods In the presented cross-sectional study, 155 participants with CAD after acute myocardial infarction and 104 participants in a control group without CAD were enrolled. The participants in both groups were Caucasians of European origin. The genotyping of VDR polymorphisms rs2228570, rs1544410 and rs731236 was assessed by RT-PCR. Results The results show an association between the T/T genotype of the BsmI (rs1544410) and the G/G genotype of the Taq1 (rs731236) VDR polymorphism and CAD patients after acute myocardial infarction. There was no association between the Fok1 (rs2228570) VDR polymorphism and CAD patients after acute myocardial infarction. Conclusion The presented results suggest a potential association of the BsmI (rs1544410) and Taq1 (rs731236) VDR polymorphisms with CAD patients after myocardial infarction.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency in Testicular Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5145
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Schepisi ◽  
Caterina Gianni ◽  
Sara Bleve ◽  
Silvia De Padova ◽  
Cecilia Menna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Testicular Cancer Survivors ◽  
Patients Experience

Testicular cancer (TC) is the most frequent tumor in young males. In the vast majority of cases, it is a curable disease; therefore, very often patients experience a long survival, also due to their young age at diagnosis. In the last decades, the role of the vitamin D deficiency related to orchiectomy has become an increasingly debated topic. Indeed, vitamin D is essential in bone metabolism and many other metabolic pathways, so its deficiency could lead to various metabolic disorders especially in long-term TC survivors. In our article, we report data from studies that evaluated the incidence of hypovitaminosis D in TC survivors compared with cohorts of healthy peers and we discuss molecular mechanisms and clinical implications.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status in Spanish Adults with Celiac Disease Following a Long-Term Gluten-Free Diet Is Similar to Non-Celiac

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Catalina Ballestero-Fernández ◽  
Gregorio Varela-Moreiras ◽  
Natalia Úbeda ◽  
Elena Alonso-Aperte
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Mineral Density

The only available treatment for celiac disease is life-long gluten exclusion. We conducted a cross-sectional age- and gender-matched study in 64 celiac adults on a long-term (>1 year) gluten-free diet and 74 non-celiac volunteers from Spain, using dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters, as well as assessing bone mineral density and physical activity. Celiac adults had deficient intake (below 2/3 of the recommended intake) for folates, vitamin E, and iodine and low intake of calcium (below 80% of the recommended intake). Iron intake was also below 2/3 of the recommended intake in celiac women. Vitamin D intake was extremely low, and 34% of celiac patients had moderately deficient plasma levels. According to bone mineral density, celiac women may be more prone to osteopenia and osteoporosis. However, we found a perfectly analogous nutritional status scenario in celiac as compared to healthy volunteers, with the dietary deviations found being similar to those of the Spanish population, i.e., both groups followed a high-lipid, high-protein, and low-carbohydrate diet. Values for biochemical parameters were found within the reference ranges. Celiac disease had no influence on body weight, but body fat in celiac patients tended to be higher. According to our results, vitamin D, calcium, folates, vitamin E, iodine, and iron nutritional status should be specifically assessed and monitored in the celiac population.

scholarly journals AB0618 GLUCOCORTICOID INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS PREVENTION IN THE OUTPATIENT RHEUMATOLOGY CLINIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1343.2-1344
Author(s):  
Z. Vaghaiwalla ◽  
G. Kaeley
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Osteoporosis Prevention ◽  
Osteoporosis Medication ◽  
Rheumatology Clinic ◽  
Dexa Scan ◽  
Audit Cycle

Background:Patients with rheumatic disease are at risk of developing glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis (GIOP) as many are prescribed systemic oral glucocorticoids as an adjunct to their maintenance therapy. Based on the 2017 ACR Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis, a good practice recommendation exists that “initial clinical fracture risk assessment should be performed as soon as possible, but at least within six months of the initiation of long term glucocorticoid treatment.1” Long-term glucocorticoid use is defined by duration of 3 months or greater. Fracture risk assessment should include dual energy-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. Patients on greater than or equal to 2.5 mg of prednisone should be treated with an optimal dose of calcium and vitamin D and may benefit from oral bisphosphonate as primary prevention against GIOP if their fracture risk is moderate to high.1Objectives:The aim of this Quality Improvement Project is to assess the current status of provider implementation of GIOP recommendations in the rheumatology clinic. Ultimate goal is to improve osteoporosis prevention in the rheumatology clinic.Methods:We conducted a retrospective chart review of 60 patients in two outpatient rheumatology clinics. Clinic 1 follows patients with lower socioeconomic status and Clinic 2 follows patients with higher socioeconomics. Inclusion criteria were patients on long-term glucocorticoid use, defined as at least 3 months of corticosteroid use of at least 2.5 mg prednisone daily, as well as age less than 65. Females aged 65 or older were omitted to prevent overlap of the United States Preventative Taskforce recommendation for all women ≥ 65 years to be screened for osteoporosis with DEXA scans.2 DEXA scan orders, calcium and vitamin D prescriptions, and osteoporosis medication prescriptions were abstracted. After baseline data obtained, intervention of education of the rheumatology fellows and faculty, and internal medicine residents in the guidelines for GIOP prevention was implemented. In addition, a smartphrase in the electronic medical record was created for provider use when treating patients on chronic corticosteroids. Subsequently, two audit cycles were completed for retrospective chart review.Results:Upon completion of second audit cycle, there was no change in percentage of DEXA scan orders at Clinic 1, however there was a 10% overall improvement in DEXA scan orders in the Clinic 2.In terms of Calcium and Vitamin D prescriptions, there was an overall improvement in both clinics of 19.7% and 13.3% in Clinics 1 and 2 respectfully after the second audit cycle.Additionally, there was a 3.4% increase in osteoporosis medication prescriptions overall subsequent to the second audit cycle in Clinic 1. However in Clinic 2 there was an overall decrease in osteoporosis medication prescriptions of 6.6%.Clinic 1Prior to AuditAudit cycle 1Audit cycle 2Patient percentage without DEXA scan orders30%33.30%30%Patient percentage without Vitamin D/Calcium orders26.40%8.30%6.70%Patient percentage with osteoporosis medication orders23.30%8.30%26.70%Clinic 2Patient percentage without DEXA scan orders50%37.00%40%Patient percentage without Vitamin D/Calcium orders30%26.00%16.70%Patient percentage with osteoporosis medication orders23.30%11.10%16.70%Conclusion:Overall, the results of the intervention were strongest for improvements in Vitamin D and Calcium orders in both clinics. Improvements in DEXA scan orders and osteoporosis medications were present in Clinic 2 and not present in Clinic 1. This reveals continued efforts and education of providers need to be made for improvement in bone health monitoring.References:[1]Buckley, Lenore, et al. “2017 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Prevention and Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis.” Arthritis & Rheumatology, vol. 69, no. 8, June 2017, pp. 1521–1537., doi:10.1002/art.40137.[2]Final Recommendation Statement: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. July 2019.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

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