scholarly journals The catalytic Mitsunobu reaction: a critical analysis of the current state-of-the-art

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (42) ◽  
pp. 7774-7781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhydian H. Beddoe ◽  
Helen F. Sneddon ◽  
Ross M. Denton
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Mitsunobu Reaction ◽  
Critical Metrics ◽  
Current State ◽  
Mitsunobu Reactions

This Review article provides a summary and critical metrics-based analysis of recently developed catalytic Mitsunobu reactions.

Modular Prosthetic Design for Transtibial Child Amputees

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan M. Hickey ◽  
Samuel T. Woo ◽  
Sally F. Shady
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Prosthetic Design ◽  
Current State ◽  
Limb Deficiencies

Lower limb deficiencies and below knee amputations are the most common form of deficiency that may arise from disease or trauma, and returning a patient close to a normal quality-of-life requires prosthetics, which can be quite challenging. Children present even further difficulty to prosthetists and physicians than adults. Although the underlying prosthetic principles for adults are the same for children, additional considerations must be made for practicality, such as downsizing while maintaining its degree of complexity, and frequent appointments to account for the rapid growth of an adolescent. This review article will evaluate the current state-of-the-art in the field of transtibial-amputee prosthetics, review the insurance coverage a typical family would face, and suggest potential improvements to children’s biomimetic prostheses that aid in reducing the frequency of health care provider intervention.

scholarly journals Biomechanical behaviours of the bone–implant interface: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (156) ◽  
pp. 20190259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Gao ◽  
Manon Fraulob ◽  
Guillaume Haïat
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Current State ◽  
Mechanical Methods

In recent decades, cementless implants have been widely used in clinical practice to replace missing organs, to replace damaged or missing bone tissue or to restore joint functionality. However, there remain risks of failure which may have dramatic consequences. The success of an implant depends on its stability, which is determined by the biomechanical properties of the bone–implant interface (BII). The aim of this review article is to provide more insight on the current state of the art concerning the evolution of the biomechanical properties of the BII as a function of the implant's environment. The main characteristics of the BII and the determinants of implant stability are first introduced. Then, the different mechanical methods that have been employed to derive the macroscopic properties of the BII will be described. The experimental multi-modality approaches used to determine the microscopic biomechanical properties of periprosthetic newly formed bone tissue are also reviewed. Eventually, the influence of the implant's properties, in terms of both surface properties and biomaterials, is investigated. A better understanding of the phenomena occurring at the BII will lead to (i) medical devices that help surgeons to determine an implant's stability and (ii) an improvement in the quality of implants.

scholarly journals Unidades de traducción culturalmente marcadas: propuesta de clasificación dinámica con fines traductológicos

2018 ◽  
pp. 193-213
Author(s):  
Inma Mendoza García
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Target System ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Current State ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

In the context of Translation Studies, this paper presents a proposal for classifying culturally marked translation units from a functional dynamic perspective that is considered to be more useful for both translation practice and translation-related research than other taxonomies so far suggested by the majority of theorists. For this purpose, first I provide an overview of the current state of the art in research on these specific translation units with regard to their designation, concept and classification. Second, I conduct a critical analysis of the heterogeneity of designations and definitions as well as of the static taxonomies so far prevailing in scientific literature in this respect. Third, I select a designation for these sorts of units and justify the decision made. Fourth, I provide a detailed description of the concept and its nature. Finally, I design a classificatory model that is not based on a mere classification of culture-related areas and topics but takes into account all the intratextual and extratextual factors involved in the translation process. The proposal put forward is guided by two main parameters: the degree of lingüistic and cultural (in)equivalence between the source system and the target system and the level of knowledge the reader is supposed to possess about the culturally marked textual units.

scholarly journals Host-Directed Therapies and Anti-Virulence Compounds to Address Anti-Microbial Resistant Tuberculosis Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Gries ◽  
Claudia Sala ◽  
Jan Rybniker
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Major Virulence Factor ◽  
Emerging Therapies ◽  
Active Research

Despite global efforts to contain tuberculosis (TB), the disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, further exacerbated by the increased resistance to antibiotics displayed by the tubercle bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In order to treat drug-resistant TB, alternative or complementary approaches to standard anti-TB regimens are being explored. An area of active research is represented by host-directed therapies which aim to modulate the host immune response by mitigating inflammation and by promoting the antimicrobial activity of immune cells. Additionally, compounds that reduce the virulence of M. tuberculosis, for instance by targeting the major virulence factor ESX-1, are being given increased attention by the TB research community. This review article summarizes the current state of the art in the development of these emerging therapies against TB.

You Need Teachers

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-125
Author(s):  
Miles Weinberger
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Current State ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Excellent Review Article

The excellent review article by Leffert1 and the accompanying commentary by Bergner2 made important points regarding the changing role of the pediatric allergist and the broad requirements for knowledge of any physicians who are to provide specialty care for children with asthma. While the current state of the art allows a high degree of control for this disease,3 considerable morbidity from inadequately treated asthma persists. This situation is unlikely to change rapidly unless departments of pediatrics place a high priority on ensuring that the modern allergist described by Dr. Bergner is on their faculty to teach the current housestaff and provide continuing education for the practitioner; only then will most general pediatricians be able to assume the role envisioned by Dr. Leffert.

Critical Analysis of Digital Steganography

2011 ◽  
pp. 352-382
Author(s):  
Hafiz Malik
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Information Hiding ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Covert Channel ◽  
Covert Communication ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Channel Type

This chapter provides critical analysis of current state-of-the-art in steganography. First part of the this chapter provides the classification of steganography based on the underlying information hiding methodology used and covert-channel type, and desired features of the information hiding used for covert communication. This chapter also discusses various known steganalysis techniques developed to counteract the covert-communication and highlights limitations of existing steganographic techniques. Performance analysis of commonly used shareware/freeware steganographic tools and steganalysis tools is also provided in this chapter. Some open problems in covert-communication are also discussed.

scholarly journals Temperature Sensing Performance of Microsphere Resonators

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jibo Yu ◽  
Elfed Lewis ◽  
Gilberto Brambilla ◽  
Pengfei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Liquid Droplet ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Droplet Temperature ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sensing Performance

In recent years, many temperature sensing devices based on microsphere resonators have emerged, attracting an increasing research interest. For the purpose of this review article, microsphere resonators are divided according to their constituting materials, namely silicone, silica, compound glass, and liquid droplet. Temperature monitoring relies mainly on the thermo-optic/thermal expansion of the microspheres and on the fluorescence of the doped ions. This article presents a comprehensive review of the current state of the art of microsphere based temperature sensing and gives an indication of future directions.

scholarly journals The English Textbook. Tensions from an Intercultural Perspective

2018 ◽  
pp. 230-259
Author(s):  
Astrid Nuñez-Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Research Study ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The State ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
English Textbooks

This review article addresses tensions, critiques and trends that are still latent in mainstream research on English textbooks that have looked at their intercultural aspects, which need to be explored from the perspective of critical interculturality to resist the instrumental, regulatory, homogenizing and commercial nature of textbooks developed by foreign and local publishing houses. The manuscript firstly elaborates on the textbook as an object of research; secondly, it discusses critical analysis of the content of textbooks; and thirdly, the text concludes by pondering critical interculturality, as a decolonial alternative, to make possible the construction of criteria of being, knowledge and power to orient the development of the English textbook, and move away from a de-contextualised textbook toward a desirable contextualised one. This article encompasses the state of the art supporting an ongoing research study on the English textbook from the perspective of critical interculturality that is being conducted within the doctoral programme1 in Education at Universidad Pedagógica and Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC), conducted during 2014-2018, and supported by Universidad Externado de Colombia, Bogotá.             Key words: English textbook, critical analysis, interculturality, critical interculturality 1 Decolonising the English Textbook: A Venture from Critical Interculturality

The blurring border between the police and the military

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Current State ◽  
Art And Literature ◽  
The Military ◽  
Conceptual Underpinning ◽  
Future Case

This review article reviews the current ‘state of the art’ and literature on the role of the police and military within the changing nature of internal and external security. Some scholars believe that the border between these two forces has recently begun to blur, whereas others strongly disagree. This article argues that the current debate lacks comprehensiveness and conceptual underpinning. It is suggested that definitional differences between the two forces should serve as the basis for detailed and comprehensive future case studies.

Behavioral Genetics: Concepts for Research and Practice in Language Development and Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Gilger
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Designs

This paper is an introduction to behavioral genetics for researchers and practioners in language development and disorders. The specific aims are to illustrate some essential concepts and to show how behavioral genetic research can be applied to the language sciences. Past genetic research on language-related traits has tended to focus on simple etiology (i.e., the heritability or familiality of language skills). The current state of the art, however, suggests that great promise lies in addressing more complex questions through behavioral genetic paradigms. In terms of future goals it is suggested that: (a) more behavioral genetic work of all types should be done—including replications and expansions of preliminary studies already in print; (b) work should focus on fine-grained, theory-based phenotypes with research designs that can address complex questions in language development; and (c) work in this area should utilize a variety of samples and methods (e.g., twin and family samples, heritability and segregation analyses, linkage and association tests, etc.).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document