scholarly journals Gas-induced selective re-orientation of Au–Cu nanoparticles on TiO2 (110)

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 752-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Wilson ◽  
Aude Bailly ◽  
Romain Bernard ◽  
Yves Borensztein ◽  
Alessandro Coati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bimetallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Photoemission Spectroscopy ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures

Au–Cu bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) grown on TiO2(110) have been followed in situ using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy from their synthesis to their exposure to a CO/O2 mixture at low pressure (P < 10−5 mbar) and at different temperatures (300 K–470 K).

scholarly journals In-Situ Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Investigation of Microstructural Evolutions During Low-Pressure Carburizing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ogün Baris Tapar ◽  
Jérémy Epp ◽  
Matthias Steinbacher ◽  
Jens Gibmeier
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Diffusion ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Experimental Chamber ◽  
Carbide Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbon Supply

AbstractAn experimental heat treatment chamber and control system were developed to perform in-situ X-ray diffraction experiments during low-pressure carburizing (LPC) processes. Results from the experimental chamber and industrial furnace were compared, and it was proven that the built system is reliable for LPC experiments. In-situ X-ray diffraction investigations during LPC treatment were conducted at the German Electron Synchrotron Facility in Hamburg Germany. During the boost steps, carbon accumulation and carbide formation was observed at the surface. These accumulation and carbide formation decelerated the further carbon diffusion from atmosphere to the sample. In the early minutes of the diffusion steps, it is observed that cementite content continue to increase although there is no presence of gas. This effect is attributed to the high carbon accumulation at the surface during boost steps which acts as a carbon supply. During quenching, martensite at higher temperature had a lower c/a ratio than later formed ones. This difference is credited to the early transformation of austenite regions having lower carbon content. Also, it was noticed that the final carbon content dissolved in martensite reduced compared to carbon in austenite before quenching. This reduction was attributed to the auto-tempering effect.

scholarly journals A Superhydrophobic, Antibacterial, and Durable Surface of Poplar Wood

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1885
Author(s):  
Xinyu Wu ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Jian Gan ◽  
Zhangqian Kong ◽  
Yan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Alkali Resistance ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Acid And Alkali Resistance ◽  
The Stability

The silver particles were grown in situ on the surface of wood by the silver mirror method and modified with stearic acid to acquire a surface with superhydrophobic and antibacterial properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray energy spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze the reaction mechanism of the modification process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle tests were used to characterize the wettability and surface morphology. A coating with a micro rough structure was successfully constructed by the modification of stearic acid, which imparted superhydrophobicity and antibacterial activity to poplar wood. The stability tests were performed to discuss the stability of its hydrophobic performance. The results showed that it has good mechanical properties, acid and alkali resistance, and UV stability. The durability tests demonstrated that the coating has the function of water resistance and fouling resistance and can maintain the stability of its hydrophobic properties under different temperatures of heat treatment.

Structure of in-situ grown GaAs(001) reconstructed surfaces by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction

1989 ◽  
Vol 211-212 ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sauvage-Simkin ◽  
R. Pinchaux ◽  
J. Massies ◽  
P. Claverie ◽  
J. Bonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reconstructed Surfaces

Ultrahigh‐vacuum four‐circle diffractometer for grazing incidence x‐ray diffraction on in situ MBE grown III‐V semiconductor surfaces

1989 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 2369-2372 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Claverie ◽  
J. Massies ◽  
R. Pinchaux ◽  
M. Sauvage‐Simkin ◽  
J. Frouin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrahigh Vacuum ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Semiconductor Surfaces ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Inorganic mixed phase templated by a fatty acid monolayer at the air–water interface: the Mn and Mg case

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 6629-6637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alae El Haitami ◽  
Michel Goldmann ◽  
Philippe Fontaine ◽  
Marie-Claude Fauré ◽  
Sophie Cantin
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inorganic Layer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
First Order Phase

A first-order phase transition with a peculiar feature is evidenced by means of in situ grazing incidence X-ray diffraction in the 2D organic phase-mediated nucleation of an inorganic layer.

X-RAY DIFFRACTION FOR SURFACES AND BURIED INTERFACES

2000 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. RENAUD
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Buried Interfaces ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Coherent Interfaces

The application of X-rays to the structural characterization of surfaces and interfaces, in situ and in UHV, is discussed on selected examples. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction is not only a very powerful technique for quantitatively investigating the atomic structure of surfaces and interfaces, but is also very useful for providing information on the interfacial registry for coherent interfaces or on the strain deformation, island and grain sizes for incoherent epilayers.

Structural complexity of layered-spinel composite electrodes for Li-ion batteries

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1601-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Cabana ◽  
Christopher S. Johnson ◽  
Xiao-Qing Yang ◽  
Kyung-Yoon Chung ◽  
Won-Sub Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Excess Phase ◽  
X Ray Absorption

The complexity of layered-spinel yLi2MnO3·(1 – y)Li1+xMn2–xO4 (Li:Mn = 1.2:1; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.33; y ≥ 0.45) composites synthesized at different temperatures has been investigated by a combination of x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). While the layered component does not change substantially between samples, an evolution of the spinel component from a high to a low lithium excess phase has been traced with temperature by comparing with data for pure Li1+xMn2–xO4. The changes that occur to the structure of the spinel component and to the average oxidation state of the manganese ions within the composite structure as lithium is electrochemically removed in a battery have been monitored using these techniques, in some cases in situ. Our 6Li NMR results constitute the first direct observation of lithium removal from Li2MnO3 and the formation of LiMnO2 upon lithium reinsertion.

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