Facile and selective polynitrations at the 4-pyrazolyl dual backbone: straightforward access to a series of high-density energetic materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 1305-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostiantyn V. Domasevitch ◽  
Ivan Gospodinov ◽  
Harald Krautscheid ◽  
Thomas M. Klapötke ◽  
Jörg Stierstorfer
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
High Density ◽  
Detonation Properties ◽  
High Explosives

Progressive nitro functionalization of 4,4′-bipyrazole yields insensitive and stable high explosives with excellent densities and detonation properties.

Combinations of furoxan and 1,2,4-oxadiazole for the generation of high performance energetic materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (39) ◽  
pp. 14705-14711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hualin Xiong ◽  
Hongwei Yang ◽  
Caijin Lei ◽  
Pengjiu Yang ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Density ◽  
Detonation Performance

Energetic materials, comprising furoxan and 1,2,4-oxadiazole backbones, were synthesized by nitrating 3,3′-bis(5-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-4,4′-azofuroxan, followed by cation metathesis, giving compounds with high density, high detonation performance and acceptable sensitivities.

Synthesis, characterization and properties of nitrogen-rich compounds based on cyanuric acid: a promising design in the development of new energetic materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (13) ◽  
pp. 4971-4981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiangqiang Liu ◽  
Bo Jin ◽  
Rufang Peng ◽  
Zhicheng Guo ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
Detonation Properties

A family of nitrogen-rich compounds based on CA anion were synthesized and investigated. Most salts exhibit good detonation properties and BAM fall hammer tests show that these compounds are very insensitive to impact.

Density functional study of guanidine-azole salts as energetic materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 949-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Yu Xu ◽  
Zhou-Yu Meng ◽  
Feng-Qi Zhao ◽  
Xue-Hai Ju
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Dft Method ◽  
Impact Sensitivity ◽  
Detonation Performance ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Detonation Properties ◽  
Geometrical Structures ◽  
Counter Ions ◽  
The Density Functional Theory

A series of guanidine cations and azole anions were designed for use as energetic salts. Their geometrical structures were optimized by the density functional theory (DFT) method. The counter ions were matched by the similar magnitude of the electron affinity (EA) of the cation and the ionization potential (IP) of the anion. The densities, heats of formation, detonation parameters, and impact sensitivity were predicted. The incorporation of guanidine cations and diazole anions are favorable to form thermal stable salts except cation A1. The diaminoguanidine cation has greater impact on the density and detonation properties of the salts than the triaminoguanidine cation. 2-Amino-3-nitroamino-4,5-nitro-dinitropyrazole is the best anion for advancing the detonation performance among all the anions. Incorporating the C=O bond into the guanidine cations enhances the density and detonation performance of the guanidine-azole salts. The salts containing III1–III4 anion have better detonation properties than HMX, indicating that these salts are potential energetic compounds. Compared with RDX or HMX, some salts with diaminoguanidine cation display lower impact sensitivity.

The Detonation Properties Research on TKX‐50 in High Explosives

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Xing ◽  
Shengxiang Zhao ◽  
Xiaofeng Wang ◽  
Weipeng Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqiang Diao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detonation Properties ◽  
High Explosives

Synthesis and Characteristics of Energetic Materials Based on 1,2-Dinitroguanidine

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingcheng Hu ◽  
Xinghui Jin ◽  
Huanqing Jia ◽  
Zuliang Liu ◽  
Chunxu Lv
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Detonation Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Energetic Salts ◽  
Thermal Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A series of energetic salts based on 1,2-dinitroguanidine were successfully synthesised and fully characterised using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that all the salts possess higher detonation properties (detonation pressures and velocities ranging from 24.8 to 30.3 GPa and 7665 to 8422 m s–1, respectively) than those of trinitrotolouene (TNT, 2,4,6-trinitromethylbenzene). The thermal stability and thermal kinetic parameters were also investigated to give a better understanding of the physical and chemical properties of these energetic salts.

Patterning PETN and HMX using Dip Pen Nanolithography

2005 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omkar Nafday ◽  
Brandon Weeks ◽  
Jason Haaheim ◽  
Ray Eby
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Scanning Probe Microscopy ◽  
Convenient Method ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate ◽  
High Explosives ◽  
Shock Initiation ◽  
Effect Of Surface ◽  
Dip Pen Nanolithography

AbstractRecently there has been a focused effort to develop reliable nanoscopic writing and reading capabilities. Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) has emerged as a convenient method to deliver nanoscale materials onto a substrate by leveraging scanning probe microscopy capability. A new application for the DPN method is the field of microdetonics which is the microscale decomposition and study of reactions of explosives. Results are presented for patterning pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) on silicon and mica substrates. The ultimate goal is to pattern both energetic materials in nanoscale registry and investigate their reaction and decomposition at the nanoscale due to heating or shock initiation. In addition to patterning of high explosives, a discussion on the effect of surface energy on patterning rates is investigated. This knowledge will be applicable to inks beyond high explosives.

Shear Initiated Reactions in Energetic and Reactive Materials

2005 ◽  
Vol 896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Meuken ◽  
Maria Martines Pacheco ◽  
Ries Verbeek ◽  
Richard Bouma ◽  
L Katgerman
Keyword(s):  
Shear Deformation ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Large Deformations ◽  
Energetic Material ◽  
High Explosives ◽  
Reactive Materials ◽  
Fundamental Understanding

AbstractDeformation of energetic materials may cause undesired reactions and therefore hazardous situations. The deformation of an energetic material and in particular shear deformation is studied in this paper. Understanding of the phenomena leading to shear initiation is not only necessary to explain for example the response of munitions to intrusions or large deformations imposed in storage and transportation accidents. A fundamental understanding of shear initiation also provides the opportunity to initiate energetic materials in a different and controlled manner, and possibly with a tailored reaction rate of the material. Several small and large scale experiments have been performed in which a shear deformation is imposed onto high explosives as well as thermite based reactive materials. Experiments are numerically simulated in order to correlate small and large scale experiments and understand the initiation mechanisms.

Study on Ball Milling of TiH2 and Application in Energetic Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 599-601 ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
Bing Xue ◽  
Hong Hao Ma ◽  
Zhao Wu Shen ◽  
Yong Yu ◽  
Li Jie Ren
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Particle Distribution ◽  
High Explosives ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Time Scanning ◽  
Detonation Speed ◽  
Mill Process ◽  
Scanning Electron

Particle distribution of titanium hydride (TiH2) during the ball mill process was studied by milling it with different time. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures showed that particle size decreased quickly at the initial stage, and homogeneous, super fine TiH2 powder was obtained after 4 h mill. Application of TiH2 in energetic materials was investigated by preparation of TiH2/RDX composite explosive and measuring the detonation speed. Results showed that detonation speed of TiH2/RDX explosive was depended on the content and particle size of TiH2. TiH2 is a potential additive in high explosives (HE).

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