scholarly journals An efficient Nb-modified BiVO4 film for photo-induced bacterial inactivation and photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 5664-5667
Author(s):  
Olivier Monfort ◽  
Ewa Dworniczek ◽  
Leonid Satrapinskyy ◽  
Alicja Seniuk ◽  
Daniela Nyblova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Bacterial Inactivation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Photocatalytic Removal ◽  
First Time

For the first time, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was inactivated using a Nb-modified BiVO4 photocatalyst.

scholarly journals Formyl-Peptide Receptor Activation Enhances Phagocytosis of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Weiß ◽  
Katja Schlatterer ◽  
Christian Beck ◽  
Andreas Peschel ◽  
Dorothee Kretschmer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Formyl Peptide Receptor ◽  
Peptide Receptors ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Formyl Peptide Receptors ◽  
Formyl Peptide ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Formyl-peptide receptors (FPRs) are important pattern recognition receptors that sense specific bacterial peptides. Formyl-peptide receptors are highly expressed on neutrophils and monocytes, and their activation promotes the migration of phagocytes to sites of infection. It is currently unknown whether FPRs may also influence subsequent processes such as bacterial phagocytosis and killing. Staphylococcus aureus, especially highly pathogenic community-acquired methicillin-resistant S aureus strains, release high amounts of FPR2 ligands, the phenol-soluble modulins. Methods We demonstrate that FPR activation leads to upregulation of complement receptors 1 and 3 as well as FCγ receptor I on neutrophils and, consequently, increased opsonic phagocytosis of S aureus and other pathogens. Results Increased phagocytosis promotes killing of S aureus and interleukin-8 release by neutrophils. Conclusions We show here for the first time that FPRs govern opsonic phagocytosis. Manipulation of FPR2 activation could open new therapeutic opportunities against bacterial pathogens.

scholarly journals Nasal Decolonisation of MRSA

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Peter Mantle
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Biomarker ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Biomarker Of Exposure ◽  
Additional Resistance ◽  
Nasal Mupirocin ◽  
First Time ◽  
Recent Demonstration

The recent demonstration for the first time of urinary monic acid A as a clinical urinary biomarker of exposure to intra-nasal mupirocin during medication for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) offers a way of verifying adherence to the regimen. However, absence of the biomarker in some patients needs explanation, to ensure that efficient decolonisation has not been compromised by confounding circumstances, and that additional resistance to mupirocin has not unwittingly been encouraged.

scholarly journals Fusidic Acid Resistance Determinants in Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 4985-4991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Jan Chen ◽  
Wei-Chun Hung ◽  
Sung-Pin Tseng ◽  
Jui-Chang Tsai ◽  
Po-Ren Hsueh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
High Level ◽  
Flanking Regions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Level Resistance

ABSTRACT A total of 71 fusidic acid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (45 methicillin-resistant and 26 methicillin-susceptible) isolates were examined for the presence of resistance determinants. Among 45 fusidic acid-resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), isolates, 38 (84%) had fusA mutations conferring high-level resistance to fusidic acid (the MIC was ≥128 μg/ml for 22/38), none had fusB, and 7 (16%) had fusC. For 26 fusidic acid-resistant methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), only 3 possessed fusA mutations, but 15 (58%) had fusB and 8 (31%) had fusC. Low-level resistance to fusidic acid (MICs ≤ 32 μg/ml) was found in most fusB- or fusC-positive isolates. For 41 isolates (38 MRSA and 3 MSSA), with fusA mutations, a total of 21 amino acid substitutions in EF-G (fusA gene) were detected, of which R76C, E444K, E444V, C473S, P478S, and M651I were identified for the first time. The nucleotide sequencing of fusB and flanking regions in an MSSA isolate revealed the structure of partial IS257-aj1-LP-fusB-aj2-aj3-IS257-partial blaZ, which is identical to the corresponding region in pUB101, and the rest of fusB-carrying MSSA isolates also show similar structures. On the basis of spa and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (SCCmec) typing, two major genotypes, spa type t037-SCCmec type III (t037-III; 28/45; 62%) and t002-II (13/45; 29%), were predominant among 45 MRSA isolates. By pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis, 45 MRSA isolates were divided into 12 clusters, while 26 MSSA isolates were divided into 15 clusters. Taken together, the distribution of fusidic acid resistance determinants (fusA mutations, fusB, and fusC) was quite different between MRSA and MSSA groups.

scholarly journals A Novel Staphylococcal Cassette ChromosomemecType XI Primer for Detection ofmecC-Harboring Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Directly from Screening Specimens

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 3938-3941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Petersdorf ◽  
Miriam Herma ◽  
Meike Rosenblatt ◽  
Franziska Layer ◽  
Birgit Henrich
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Time ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) screening using real-time PCR has decreased in sensitivity due to the emergence of variant staphylococcal cassette chromosomemecelement (SCCmec) types. We have designed and validated a novel SCCmecXI primer, which enables for the first time the rapid detection ofmecC-harboring MRSA directly from nasopharyngeal swabs without prior cultivation.

scholarly journals Comparison of Methods for Evaluation of the Bactericidal Activity of Copper-Sputtered Surfaces against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (23) ◽  
pp. 8176-8182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Rio ◽  
Ewelina Kusiak-Nejman ◽  
John Kiwi ◽  
Bertrand Bétrisey ◽  
César Pulgarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Direct Transfer ◽  
Bacterial Inactivation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Health Care Associated Infections ◽  
High Level ◽  
20 Nm

ABSTRACTBacteria can survive on hospital textiles and surfaces, from which they can be disseminated, representing a source of health care-associated infections (HCAIs). Surfaces containing copper (Cu), which is known for its bactericidal properties, could be an efficient way to lower the burden of potential pathogens. The antimicrobial activity of Cu-sputtered polyester surfaces, obtained by direct-current magnetron sputtering (DCMS), against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was tested. The Cu-polyester microstructure was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to determine the microstructure of the Cu nanoparticles and by profilometry to assess the thickness of the layers. Sputtering at 300 mA for 160 s led to a Cu film thickness of 20 nm (100 Cu layers) containing 0.209% (wt/wt) polyester. The viability of MRSA strain ATCC 43300 on Cu-sputtered polyester was evaluated by four methods: (i) mechanical detachment, (ii) microcalorimetry, (iii) direct transfer onto plates, and (iv) stereomicroscopy. The low efficacy of mechanical detachment impeded bacterial viability estimations. Microcalorimetry provided only semiquantitative results. Direct transfer onto plates and stereomicroscopy seemed to be the most suitable methods to evaluate the bacterial inactivation potential of Cu-sputtered polyester surfaces, since they presented the least experimental bias. Cu-polyester samples sputtered for 160 s by DCMS were further tested against 10 clinical MRSA isolates and showed a high level of bactericidal activity, with a 4-log10reduction in the initial MRSA load (106CFU) within 1 h. Cu-sputtered polyester surfaces might be of use to prevent the transmission of HCAI pathogens.

scholarly journals Molecular fingerprinting of bovine mastitis-associated Staphylococcus aureus isolates from India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhavi Annamanedi ◽  
P. Sheela ◽  
Srinivasaiah Sundareshan ◽  
Shrikrishna Isloor ◽  
Priya Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Molecular Fingerprinting ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sequence Types

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a major etiological agent of clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis. Owing to the mostly backyard dairy practices, we hypothesized that genetic diversity among mastitis-associated S. aureus from India would be high, and investigated 166 isolates obtained mostly from the Southern State of Karnataka, but also from a few other states. The results revealed (a) 8 to 13 fragments in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), forming 31 distinct patterns, and (b) 34 spa types, of which three (t17680, t18314, and t18320) were newly identified. Multi-locus sequencing typing (MLST) identified 39 sequence types (STs), with ST2454 (34.4%) and ST2459 (24%) being the most commonly represented, which clustered to clonal complexes (CC) CC9 and CC97, respectively; 12 STs were newly identified. Thirty-four (20.5%) of the 166 isolates displayed oxacillin resistance. On the other hand, whereas none were mecC+, 44 (26.5%) isolates were mecA+, with a predominance of SCCmecIVb (26/32 isolates, others being untypeable); 24 isolates (14.46%) were oxacillin-susceptible methicillin-resistant S. aureus (OS-MRSA; mecA+ but OS). Integrated analysis revealed that CC9-ST2454- and CC97-ST2459-SCCmecIVb were the predominant MRSA, although the distribution of CC9 and CC97 was similar between methicillin-resistant and -susceptible isolates. By PCR, 56.25%, 28.75% and 47.5% of the 166 isolates were positive for hlg, tsst and pvl genes, respectively. Our results, for the first time describe the application of a combination of various molecular methods to bovine mastitis-associated S. aureus isolates from India, corroborate the worldwide distribution of CC97 and CC9, and suggest pathogenic potential of the isolates.

scholarly journals The inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by essential oils isolated from leaves and fruits of Schinus areira depending on their chemical compositions.

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana S Celaya ◽  
Marta H Alabrudzińska ◽  
Ana C Molina ◽  
Carmen I Viturro ◽  
Silvia Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Fruit Oil ◽  
First Time

Schinus areira L. is a native plant from South America used for centuries in traditional medicine. Here, we investigate the antimicrobial activity of four essential oils extracted from leaves and fruits of S. areira exhibiting different chemical profiles. The antibacterial activity against the human pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus susceptible as well as methicillin resistant strain was assessed by the broth microdilution assay. The results showed that the limonene-rich oil extracted from the leaves and fruits have potent antibacterial effect on S. aureus ATCC 25923, while the α-phellandrene-rich fruit oil having a lower content of limonene showed the lowest antibacterial efficacy. In this work, for the first time, we demonstrated the bactericidal activity of essential oils isolated from fruits and leaves of S. areira against susceptible and methicillin resistant S. aureus strains. All results point out the potential use of the S. areira oils as antimicrobial agents to be used, at least against Staphylococcal infections.

Identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying an exfoliative toxin A gene encoding phage isolated from a hospitalized patient in Turkey

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
Fikret Sahin ◽  
Djursun Karasartova ◽  
T. Murat Özsan ◽  
Mehmet Kiyan ◽  
Ceren Z. Karahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Polymorphic Variation ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
First Time

From the four known isoforms of the staphylococcal exfoliative toxins (ETs), only ETA and ETB are the major causative agents. General knowledge is that the gene for ETA is located on the chromosome, whereas that for ETB is located on a large plasmid. Yoshizawa and co-workers (2000, Microbiol. Immunol. 44(3): 189–191) isolated, for the first time, a temperate phage (φETA) that carried the structural gene for ETA from an ETA-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, we presented eta gene encoding temperate phages isolated from methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA) isolates obtained from patients in a Turkish hospital. Molecular analysis of the phage genome revealed that the eta gene is located upstream to amidase and holin genes, the same as in the φETA genome. However, partial sequence analysis of amidase and holin genes revealed polymorphic variation. In addition to polymorphic variation, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of all of the phage genomes showed that the ETA-containing phage is different from the rest of the phage genomes. The phylogenetic dendrogram of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed that the ETA-carrying MRSA is quite different from the rest of the MRSA strains. This is the first report showing that a MRSA strain carries an ETA-encoding phage.

scholarly journals Molecular analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from four teaching hospitals in Iran: The emergence of novel MRSA clones

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Firoozeh ◽  
Mitra Omidi ◽  
Mahmood Saffari ◽  
Hossein Sedaghat ◽  
Mohammad Zibaei
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Type V ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background: The global spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections necessitates the use of validated methods for the identification and typing of this bacterium. This study aimed to determine the distribution of main molecular types of MRSA strain circulating among hospitalized patients in teaching hospitals in Isfahan and Kashan. Methods: A total of 146 Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from patients in four teaching hospitals in Isfahan and Kashan during June 2017 to September 2018. The antimicrobial resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus strains were performed by disc diffusion method. The MRSA strains were identified phenotypically and confirmed by PCR assay. The prevalence of microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) genes among MRSA strains was evaluated by multiplex PCR. The genotypes of MRSA strains were determined by multilocus sequence typing and SCCmec typing. Results: Of 146 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 24 (16.4%) isolates were identified as MRSA strains. According to antimicrobial susceptibility testing the highest resistance rates were seen for tetracycline, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. All of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin whereas 3 (2.1%) isolates were resistant to linezolid. Three different SCCmec types were obtained among MRSA strains including 16 (66.7%) SCCmec type V, 3 (12.5%) SCCmec type III and 5 (20.8%) SCCmec type II. Of 24 MRSA isolates 20 (83.3%) carried MSCRAMMs genes including eno (70.8%), fib (54.1%), cna (25.0%), fnbB (16.6%), ebps 5 (20.8%), and the fnbA, bbp and clfA genes were not detected in any MRSA isolate. MLST analysis revealed 11 sequence types among MRSA isolates as follows: ST239, ST291, ST22, ST861, ST889, ST8, ST59, ST343, ST772, ST6 and ST1465. Also seven MLST-based clonal complexes (CCs) were identified among MRSA strains including: CC8, CC7, CC398, CC59, CC22, CC1 and CC5. Conclusions: A relatively high diversity was found in MRSA genotypes in Kashan and Isfahan hospitals, and seven clonal complexes were identified. Pandemic MRSA clones including CC8 and CC22 were the most prevalent clones and the novel ST types including ST1465, ST861, ST 889 and ST772 are reported for the first time in Iran in the present study. In addition the high prevalence of MSCRAMMs genes in MRSA isolates demonstrates the high potential of these strains for pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Identification of Multiresistance Genecfrin Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Pigs: Plasmid Location and Integration into a Staphylococcal Cassette ChromosomemecComplex

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 3641-3644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexi Li ◽  
Congming Wu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Run Fan ◽  
Stefan Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Time ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACTThe multiresistance genecfrwas found in 8/231 porcine methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusisolates. They were characterized by multilocus sequence typing,spatyping,drutyping, and staphylococcal cassette chromosomemec(SCCmec) typing as ST627-t002-dt12w-IVb, ST6-t304-dt12w-IVb, ST9-t899-dt12w-IVb, ST9-t899-dt12ae-IVb, or ST63-t899-dt12v-IVb. Differentcfrgene regions were detected on plasmids of ca. 35 kb in seven isolates. For the first time, an ISEnfa4-cfr-IS256fragment was found to be inserted upstream of theccrgenes in a chromosomal SCCmecIVb element of the remaining isolate.

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