Chromosomal aberrations, cell suppression and oxidative stress generation induced by metal oxide nanoparticles in onion (Allium cepa) bulb

Metallomics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1315-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Shahid ◽  
Mohammad Saghir Khan ◽  
Javed Musarrat
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Cell Suppression ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

In this work, we assess the phytotoxicity of various-sized metal oxide nanoparticles on cell cycle progression and induction of oxidative stress in onions.

scholarly journals ROS and Oxidative Stress Are Elevated in Mitosis during Asynchronous Cell Cycle Progression and Are Exacerbated by Mitotic Arrest

Cell Systems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse C. Patterson ◽  
Brian A. Joughin ◽  
Bert van de Kooij ◽  
Daniel C. Lim ◽  
Douglas A. Lauffenburger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Mitotic Arrest ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Day/Night Separation of Oxygenic Energy Metabolism and Nuclear DNA Replication in the Unicellular Red AlgaCyanidioschyzon merolae

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ya Miyagishima ◽  
Atsuko Era ◽  
Tomohisa Hasunuma ◽  
Mami Matsuda ◽  
Shunsuke Hirooka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThe transition from G1to S phase and subsequent nuclear DNA replication in the cells of many species of eukaryotic algae occur predominantly during the evening and night in the absence of photosynthesis; however, little is known about how day/night changes in energy metabolism and cell cycle progression are coordinated and about the advantage conferred by the restriction of S phase to the night. Using a synchronous culture of the unicellular red algaCyanidioschyzon merolae, we found that the levels of photosynthetic and respiratory activities peak during the morning and then decrease toward the evening and night, whereas the pathways for anaerobic consumption of pyruvate, produced by glycolysis, are upregulated during the evening and night as reported recently in the green algaChlamydomonas reinhardtii. Inhibition of photosynthesis by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) largely reduced respiratory activity and the amplitude of the day/night rhythm of respiration, suggesting that the respiratory rhythm depends largely on photosynthetic activity. Even when the timing of G1/S-phase transition was uncoupled from the day/night rhythm by depletion of retinoblastoma-related (RBR) protein, the same patterns of photosynthesis and respiration were observed, suggesting that cell cycle progression and energy metabolism are regulated independently. Progression of the S phase under conditions of photosynthesis elevated the frequency of nuclear DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). These results suggest that the temporal separation of oxygenic energy metabolism, which causes oxidative stress, from nuclear DNA replication reduces the risk of DSB during cell proliferation inC. merolae.IMPORTANCEEukaryotes acquired chloroplasts through an endosymbiotic event in which a cyanobacterium or a unicellular eukaryotic alga was integrated into a previously nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic cell. Photosynthesis by chloroplasts enabled algae to expand their habitats and led to further evolution of land plants. However, photosynthesis causes greater oxidative stress than mitochondrion-based respiration. In seed plants, cell division is restricted to nonphotosynthetic meristematic tissues and populations of photosynthetic cells expand without cell division. Thus, seemingly, photosynthesis is spatially sequestrated from cell proliferation. In contrast, eukaryotic algae possess photosynthetic chloroplasts throughout their life cycle. Here we show that oxygenic energy conversion (daytime) and nuclear DNA replication (night time) are temporally sequestrated inC. merolae. This sequestration enables “safe” proliferation of cells and allows coexistence of chloroplasts and the eukaryotic host cell, as shown in yeast, where mitochondrial respiration and nuclear DNA replication are temporally sequestrated to reduce the mutation rate.

scholarly journals Genistein contributes to cell cycle progression and regulates oxidative stress in primary culture of osteoblasts along with osteoclasts attenuation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahabjada Siddiqui ◽  
Abbas Ali Mahdi ◽  
Md Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Cathepsin K ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Trap Staining

Abstract Background The present study was designed to examine the role of isoflavone genistein (GS) on bone formation, regulating oxidative stress and cell cycle in primary osteoblasts, as well as attenuation of osteoclast formation. Methods Primary calvaria osteoblasts were isolated from 2 to 3 days old neonatal rat pups (n = 6–8) of Sprague Dawley rats. Osteoblasts were incubated with varying concentrations of GS and different assays viz. cell proliferation, differentiation, calcium deposition, cell cycle progression, antioxidant ability, and osteogenic gene expression were performed. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and immunolocalization of cathepsin K protein were assessed in bone marrow-derived osteoclasts. Results Results revealed that GS markedly induced cell growth and osteoblast differentiation depending upon dose. The fluorescent dye DCFH-DA staining data proved the antioxidant ability of GS, which reduced the H2O2- induced intracellular oxidative stress in osteoblasts. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that GS treatment upregulated the expression of osteoblastic genes of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone morphogenetic proteins 2 (BMP2), and osteocalcin. Immunolocalization of BMP2 also indicated the osteogenic efficacy of GS. Furthermore, TRAP staining and cathepsin K expression depicted that GS inhibited multinucleated osteoclasts formation. Conclusions In conclusion, GS isoflavone might impart protective effects against oxidative stress-induced bone loss and thus, could maintain skeletal growth.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document