Tailored 3D printed micro-crystallization chip for versatile and high-efficiency droplet evaporative crystallization

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingguang Han ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Gaohong He ◽  
Meng Lin ◽  
Wu Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Drug Preparation ◽  
Evaporative Crystallization ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
3D Printed

Droplet evaporative crystallization on a micro-structured platform with limited interfacial area has potential applications in crystallization theory, bioengineering, and particle drug preparation.

scholarly journals Design and characterization of 3D printed, neomycin-eluting poly-L-lactide mats for wound-healing applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahima Singh ◽  
Sriramakamal Jonnalagadda
Keyword(s):  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Topical Antibiotic ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Base Polymer ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
3D Printed

AbstractThis study evaluates the suitability of 3D printed biodegradable mats to load and deliver the topical antibiotic, neomycin, for up to 3 weeks in vitro. A 3D printer equipped with a hot melt extruder was used to print bandage-like wound coverings with porous sizes appropriate for cellular attachment and viability. The semicrystalline polyester, poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) was used as the base polymer, coated (post-printing) with polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of MWs 400 Da, 6 kDa, or 20 kDa to enable manipulation of physicochemical and biological properties to suit intended applications. The mats were further loaded with a topical antibiotic (neomycin sulfate), and cumulative drug-release monitored for 3 weeks in vitro. Microscopic imaging as well as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies showed pore dimensions of 100 × 400 µm. These pore dimensions were achieved without compromising mechanical strength; because of the “tough” individual fibers constituting the mat (Young’s Moduli of 50 ± 20 MPa and Elastic Elongation of 10 ± 5%). The in vitro dissolution study showed first-order release kinetics for neomycin during the first 20 h, followed by diffusion-controlled (Fickian) release for the remaining duration of the study. The release of neomycin suggested that the ability to load neomycin on to PLLA mats increases threefold, as the MW of the applied PEG coating is lowered from 20 kDa to 400 Da. Overall, this study demonstrates a successful approach to using a 3D printer to prepare porous degradable mats for antibiotic delivery with potential applications to dermal regeneration and tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Ka-Band Lightweight High-Efficiency Wideband 3D Printed Reflector Antenna

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhai ◽  
Ding Xu ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Reflector Antenna ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Side Lobe Level ◽  
Ka Band ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Reflecting Surface

This paper presents a lightweight, cost-efficient, wideband, and high-gain 3D printed parabolic reflector antenna in the Ka-band. A 10 λ reflector is printed with polylactic acid- (PLA-) based material that is a biodegradable type of plastic, preferred in 3D printing. The reflecting surface is made up of multiple stacked layers of copper tape, thick enough to function as a reflecting surface (which is found 4 mm). A conical horn is used for the incident field. A center-fed method has been used to converge the energy in the broadside direction. The proposed antenna results measured a gain of 27.8 dBi, a side lobe level (SLL) of −22 dB, and a maximum of 61.2% aperture efficiency (at 30 GHz). A near-field analysis in terms of amplitude and phase has also been presented which authenticates the accurate spherical to planar wavefront transformation in the scattered field.

Sub-half-wavelength atom localization via two standing waves

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Interference ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Half Wavelength ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Phase Gate ◽  
Quantum Error ◽  
Excited State Population ◽  
Atom Localization

We present a simple scheme of high-efficiency one-dimensional (1D) atom localization via manipulation of excited state population in a four-level inverted-Y atomic system. Because of the joint quantum interference induced by the two standing-wave fields, the 100% detecting probability of the atom in the subwavelength domain appears when the corresponding conditions are satisfied. The proposed scheme may open a promising way to achieve high-precision and high-efficiency 1D atom localization, which provides some potential applications to spatially selective single-qubit phase gate, entangling gates, and quantum error correction for quantum information processing.

Sintering and Hot-Pressing of Ti2AlC Obtained by SHS Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Chlubny ◽  
Jerzy Lis ◽  
Mirosław M. Bućko
Keyword(s):  
Hot Pressing ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Max Phases ◽  
Fine Powders ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Xrd Method

Some of ternary materials in the Ti-Al-C system are called MAX-phases and are characterised by heterodesmic layer structure. Their specific structure consisting of covalent and metallic chemical bonds influence its semi-ductile features locating them on the boundary between metals and ceramics, which may lead to many potential applications, for example as a part of a ceramic armour. Ti2AlC is one of this nanolaminate materials. Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) was applied to obtain sinterable powders of Ti2AlC Utilization of heat produced in exothermal reaction in adiabatic conditions to sustain process until all substrates are transformed into product is one of the advantages of the method that result in low energy consumption and low cost combined with high efficiency. Different substrates were used to produce fine powders of ternary material. Phase compositions of obtained powder were examined by XRD method. Than selected powders were used for sintering in various temperature both in a presureless sintering and hot-pressing in argon atmosphere. Properties and phase composition of obtained products were examined.

scholarly journals Performance Indicators of Printed Construction Materials: a Durability-Based Approach

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoubeir Lafhaj ◽  
Zakaria Dakhli
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Execution Phase ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Printed Materials

Studying the durability of materials and structures, including 3D-printed structures, is now a key step in better meeting the challenges of sustainable development and integrating technical and economic aspects from the design phase into the execution phase. While digital and robotics technologies have been well developed for construction 3D printing, the material aspect still faces critical issues to meet the evolving requirements for buildings. This research aims to develop performance indicators for 3D-printed materials used in construction regardless of the nature of the material. A general guideline is to be established as a result of this research. Thus, the literature review analyzes traditional durability approaches to construction materials and challenges are identified for potential applications in construction. The results suggest that performance indicators for 3D-printed materials should be checked as printable through an experimental case study. This research could be of interest to researchers, professionals, and start-ups in the construction and materials research fields.

scholarly journals The Development of Functional Non-Viral Vectors for Gene Delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patil ◽  
Gao ◽  
Lin ◽  
Li ◽  
Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Cationic Lipids ◽  
Gene Vectors ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity

Gene therapy is manipulation in/of gene expression in specific cells/tissue to treat diseases. This manipulation is carried out by introducing exogenous nucleic acids, such as DNA or RNA, into the cell. Because of their negative charge and considerable larger size, the delivery of these molecules, in general, should be mediated by gene vectors. Non-viral vectors, as promising delivery systems, have received considerable attention due to their low cytotoxicity and non-immunogenicity. As research continued, more and more functional non-viral vectors have emerged. They not only have the ability to deliver a gene into the cells but also have other functions, such as the performance of fluorescence imaging, which aids in monitoring their progress, targeted delivery, and biodegradation. Recently, many reviews related to non-viral vectors, such as polymers and cationic lipids, have been reported. However, there are few reviews regarding functional non-viral vectors. This review summarizes the common functional non-viral vectors developed in the last ten years and their potential applications in the future. The transfection efficiency and the transport mechanism of these materials were also discussed in detail. We hope that this review can help researchers design more new high-efficiency and low-toxicity multifunctional non-viral vectors, and further accelerate the progress of gene therapy.

Observing Fluid Flow Through Carbon Nanotube Arrays and Nanoporous Membranes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jensen ◽  
Michael G. Schrlau
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Nanoporous Membranes ◽  
Intensity Measurements ◽  
Alumina Oxide ◽  
Cnt Arrays ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Vertically Aligned ◽  
Flow Through

Arrays of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown significant promise for delivering biomolecules into cells with high efficiency and low toxicity. In these applications, biomolecules are flowed from a large fluid reservoir, through the lumens of vertically-aligned, open-ended CNTs, and into cells cultured over top of the CNTs on the other side. Over the course of several transfection experiments, it was discovered that biomolecule delivery varied considerably depending on the type of biomolecule being delivered. It was also inferred that the number of CNTs the cells covered would affect the transfection rate. In this work, an experiment was designed and conducted to visually characterize fluid flow through these CNT arrays and other nanoporous membranes. The experiment utilizes a 3D printed flow device consisting of anodized alumina oxide (AAO) membranes and restricts flow to a predefined circular area. Flow data was taken by measuring the intensity of fluorescent dye as it diffused through the AAO membrane. The intensity measurements were then plotted as a function of time from which diffusion times constants were calculated. This work establishes a platform technique for visualizing fluid transport through AAO membranes, which can be applied to CNT arrays, and allow for the testing of the effects of other parameters on flow.

scholarly journals High-Efficiency All-Dielectric Metasurfaces for the Generation and Detection of Focused Optical Vortex for the Ultraviolet Domain

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5716
Author(s):  
Ziheng Zhang ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Xiaofei Jiao ◽  
Guofeng Song ◽  
Yun Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Optical Vortex ◽  
Magnetic Dipoles ◽  
Half Wave ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
On Chip ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Meta Atom

The optical vortex (OV) has drawn considerable attention owing to its tremendous advanced applications, such as optical communication, quantum entanglement, and on-chip detectors. However, traditional OV generators suffer from a bulky configuration and limited performance, especially in the ultraviolet range. In this paper, we utilize a large bandgap dielectric material, niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5), to construct ultra-thin and compact transmission-type metasurfaces to generate and detect the OV at a wavelength of 355 nm. The meta-atom, which operates as a miniature half-wave plate and demonstrates a large tolerance to fabrication error, manipulates the phase of an incident right-handed circular polarized wave with high cross-polarized conversion efficiency (around 86.9%). The phase delay of π between the orthogonal electric field component is attributed to the anti-parallel magnetic dipoles induced in the nanobar. Besides, focused vortex generation (topological charge l from 1 to 3) and multichannel detection (l from −2 to 2) are demonstrated with high efficiency, up to 79.2%. We envision that our devices of high flexibility may have potential applications in high-performance micron-scale integrated ultraviolet nanophotonics and meta-optics.

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