In situ differentiation and generation of functional liver organoids from human iPSCs in a 3D perfusable chip system

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 3606-3616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqing Wang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Pengwei Deng ◽  
Wenwen Chen ◽  
Yaqiong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Microfluidic Chip ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
System P ◽  
Human Ipscs ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Liver Organoids ◽  
Human Ipsc

We present a new strategy to engineer human iPSC-derived liver organoids by combining stem cell biology with a microfluidic chip system.

scholarly journals Engineering stem cell-derived 3D brain organoids in a perfusable organ-on-a-chip system

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1677-1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqing Wang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Yaqiong Guo ◽  
Yujuan Zhu ◽  
Jianhua Qin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
System P ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Organ On A Chip

We present a new strategy to engineer hiPSC-derived 3D brain organoids by combining stem cell biology with organs-on-a-chip technology.

scholarly journals Novel Pituitary Organoid Model as Powerful Tool to Unravel Pituitary Stem Cell Biology Across Ages and Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A652-A652
Author(s):  
Hugo E J Vankelecom ◽  
Emma Laporte ◽  
Florian Hermans ◽  
Charlotte Nys ◽  
Annelies Vennekens
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Compartment ◽  
Organoid Culture ◽  
Stem Cell Compartment

Abstract The pituitary gland harbors a population of stem cells. However, role and regulation of these cells remain poorly understood. We recently established organoids from mouse pituitary as a novel research tool to explore pituitary stem cell biology (Cox et al., J. Endocrinol. 2019; 240:287-308). In general, organoids represent 3D in vitro cell configurations that develop and self-organize from (single) tissue stem cells under well-defined culture conditions that typically mirror the stem cell niche and/or embryogenic processes. Organoids reliably recapitulate key aspects of the original organ, including of its stem cell compartment. Moreover, organoids are long-term expandable while retaining these properties. We demonstrated that pituitary organoids originate from the resident (SOX2+) stem cells, largely phenocopy these cells and retain the stemness phenotype during expansive culture. Interestingly, the organoids show confident in vivo translatability and, when developed from transgenically damaged gland, recapitulate the activation status of the stem cells as observed in situ following injury. Now, we found that the organoids also mirror the stem cells’ phenotype and biology in physiological conditions in which the stem cell compartment is either activated or compromised. Organoids from the neonatal maturing pituitary reproduce phenotypical and functional aspects of its activated stem cells, whereas organoids from aging gland mimic the declined functional state of the stem cells in old pituitary. Interestingly, this functional decay was found to be reverted during organoid culture, indicating that the old pituitary stem cells retain intrinsic functionality but are in vivo restrained by an obstructive microenvironment, not present in the organoid culture. Indeed, using single-cell transcriptomics and in vivo analysis, we found that the aging pituitary suffers from a prevailing inflammatory state (inflammaging) which appears to raise the threshold for stem cell activation. Interestingly, comparison of young and old pituitary led us to the discovery of pituitary stem cell activators. Finally, we found that activated parameters of organoid formation are also observed when tumorigenesis takes place in the gland, again mimicking the in situ stem cell activation that is occurring in this perturbed, pathological condition. Taken together, we identified, and applied, our new pituitary organoid model as advanced and powerful tool to gain profound insight into pituitary stem cell behavior across life and disease, which is expected to eventually translate into restorative and rejuvenative tactics when pituitary function is compromised by damage or age. In this context, our single-cell transcriptome database has strong potential to unveil appealing targets.

scholarly journals Physical Exercise and Cardiac Repair: The Potential Role of Nitric Oxide in Boosting Stem Cell Regenerative Biology

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1002
Author(s):  
Fabiola Marino ◽  
Mariangela Scalise ◽  
Eleonora Cianflone ◽  
Luca Salerno ◽  
Donato Cappetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Myocardial Repair ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Over the years strong evidence has been accumulated showing that aerobic physical exercise exerts beneficial effects on the prevention and reduction of cardiovascular risk. Exercise in healthy subjects fosters physiological remodeling of the adult heart. Concurrently, physical training can significantly slow-down or even reverse the maladaptive pathologic cardiac remodeling in cardiac diseases, improving heart function. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of the beneficial effects of physical exercise on the heart are still a subject of intensive study. Aerobic activity increases cardiovascular nitric oxide (NO) released mainly through nitric oxidase synthase 3 activity, promoting endothelium-dependent vasodilation, reducing vascular resistance, and lowering blood pressure. On the reverse, an imbalance between increasing free radical production and decreased NO generation characterizes pathologic remodeling, which has been termed the “nitroso-redox imbalance”. Besides these classical evidence on the role of NO in cardiac physiology and pathology, accumulating data show that NO regulate different aspects of stem cell biology, including survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and secretion of pro-regenerative factors. Concurrently, it has been shown that physical exercise generates physiological remodeling while antagonizes pathologic remodeling also by fostering cardiac regeneration, including new cardiomyocyte formation. This review is therefore focused on the possible link between physical exercise, NO, and stem cell biology in the cardiac regenerative/reparative response to physiological or pathological load. Cellular and molecular mechanisms that generate an exercise-induced cardioprotective phenotype are discussed in regards with myocardial repair and regeneration. Aerobic training can benefit cells implicated in cardiovascular homeostasis and response to damage by NO-mediated pathways that protect stem cells in the hostile environment, enhance their activation and differentiation and, in turn, translate to more efficient myocardial tissue regeneration. Moreover, stem cell preconditioning by and/or local potentiation of NO signaling can be envisioned as promising approaches to improve the post-transplantation stem cell survival and the efficacy of cardiac stem cell therapy.

scholarly journals Challenges for Computational Stem Cell Biology: A Discussion for the Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Owen Rackham ◽  
Patrick Cahan ◽  
Nancy Mah ◽  
Samantha Morris ◽  
John F. Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Stem Cell Biology
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