scholarly journals Impact of human milk on the transcriptomic response of fetal intestinal epithelial cells reveals expression changes of immune-related genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
José V. Gimeno-Alcañiz ◽  
María Carmen Collado
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Complex Fluid ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Human milk, the best food for infants, is a dynamic and complex fluid that directly influences the immune system and microbiota establishment.

scholarly journals Human milk oligosaccharides and non-digestible carbohydrates prevent adhesion of specific pathogens via modulating glycosylation or inflammatory genes in intestinal epithelial cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunli Kong ◽  
Martin Beukema ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Bart J. de Haan ◽  
Paul de Vos
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Inflammatory Genes

Human milk oligosaccharides 2′-FL and pectins inhibited pathogen adhesion through modulating glycosylation and inflammatory genes in intestinal epithelial cells.

scholarly journals Human Milk Oligosaccharides Mediate the Crosstalk Between Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells and Lactobacillus PlantarumWCFS1in an In Vitro Model with Intestinal Peristaltic Shear Force

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (8) ◽  
pp. 2077-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunli Kong ◽  
Lianghui Cheng ◽  
Guido Krenning ◽  
Jolien Fledderus ◽  
Bart J de Haan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Commensal Bacterium ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides

ABSTRACT Background The intestinal epithelial cells, food molecules, and gut microbiota are continuously exposed to intestinal peristaltic shear force. Shear force may impact the crosstalk of human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs) with commensal bacteria and intestinal epithelial cells. Objectives We investigated how hMOs combined with intestinal peristaltic shear force impact intestinal epithelial cells and crosstalk with a commensal bacterium. Methods We applied the Ibidi system to mimic intestinal peristaltic shear force. Caco-2 cells were exposed to a shear force (5 dynes/cm2) for 3 d, and then stimulated with the hMOs, 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), 3-FL, and lacto-N-triose II (LNT2). In separate experiments, Lactobacillus plantarumWCFS1 adhesion to Caco-2 cells was studied with the same hMOs and shear force. Effects were tested on gene expression of glycocalyx-related molecules (glypican 1 [GPC1], hyaluronan synthase 1 [HAS1], HAS2, HAS3, exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 [EXT1], EXT2), defensin β-1 (DEFB1), and tight junction (tight junction protein 1 [TJP1], claudin 3 [CLDN3]) in Caco-2 cells. Protein expression of tight junctions was also quantified. Results Shear force dramatically decreased gene expression of the main enzymes for making glycosaminoglycan side chains (HAS3 by 43.3% and EXT1 by 68.7%) (P <0.01), but did not affect GPC1 which is the gene responsible for the synthesis of glypican 1 which is a major protein backbone of glycocalyx. Expression of DEFB1, TJP1, and CLDN3 genes was decreased 60.0–94.9% by shear force (P <0.001). The presence of L. plantarumWCFS1 increased GPC1, HAS2, HAS3, and ZO-1 expression by 1.78- to 3.34-fold (P <0.05). Under shear force, all hMOs significantly stimulated DEFB1 and ZO-1, whereas only 3-FL and LNT2 enhanced L. plantarumWCFS1 adhesion by 1.85- to 1.90-fold (P <0.01). Conclusions 3-FL and LNT2 support the crosstalk between the commensal bacterium L. plantarumWCFS1 and Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells, and shear force can increase the modulating effects of hMOs.

scholarly journals Human milk exosomes dampen induced inflammatory response in human intestinal epithelial cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Dale Kraft ◽  
Emanuela Ferretti ◽  
Eric Tremblay ◽  
Jean‐François Beaulieu ◽  
Illimar Altosaar
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells

scholarly journals m6A mRNA Methylation Regulates Epithelial Innate Antimicrobial Defense Against Cryptosporidial Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijie Xia ◽  
Jihao Xu ◽  
Eugene Lu ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Silu Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Antimicrobial Defense ◽  
Mrna Methylation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Increasing evidence supports that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modification may play an important role in regulating immune responses. Intestinal epithelial cells orchestrate gastrointestinal mucosal innate defense to microbial infection, but underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this study, we present data demonstrating significant alterations in the topology of host m6A mRNA methylome in intestinal epithelial cells following infection by Cryptosporidium parvum, a coccidian parasite that infects the gastrointestinal epithelium and causes a self-limited disease in immunocompetent individuals but a life-threatening diarrheal disease in AIDS patients. Altered m6A methylation in mRNAs in intestinal epithelial cells following C. parvum infection is associated with downregulation of alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 5 and the fat mass and obesity-associated protein with the involvement of NF-кB signaling. Functionally, m6A methylation statuses influence intestinal epithelial innate defense against C. parvum infection. Specifically, expression levels of immune-related genes, such as the immunity-related GTPase family M member 2 and interferon gamma induced GTPase, are increased in infected cells with a decreased m6A mRNA methylation. Our data support that intestinal epithelial cells display significant alterations in the topology of their m6A mRNA methylome in response to C. parvum infection with the involvement of activation of the NF-кB signaling pathway, a process that modulates expression of specific immune-related genes and contributes to fine regulation of epithelial antimicrobial defense.

Probiotic bacteria cell walls stimulate the activity of the intestinal epithelial cells and macrophage functionality

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Lemme-Dumit ◽  
M.A. Polti ◽  
G. Perdigón ◽  
C. Maldonado Galdeano
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial

The effect of oral administration of probiotic bacteria cell walls (PBCWs) in the stimulation of the immune system in healthy BALB/c mice was evaluated. We focused our investigation mainly on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) which are essential for coordinating an adequate mucosal immune response and on the functionality of macrophages. The probiotic bacteria and their cell walls were able to stimulate the IECs exhibiting an important activation and cytokine releases. Supplementation with PBCWs promoted macrophage activation from peritoneum and spleen, indicating that the PBCWs oral administration was able to improve the functionality of the macrophages. In addition, the PBCWs increased immunoglobulin A (IgA)-producing cells in the gut lamina propria in a similar way to probiotic bacteria, but this supplementation did not have an effect on the population of goblet cells in the small intestine epithelium. These results indicate that the probiotic bacteria and their cell walls have an important immunoregulatory effect on the IECs without altering the homeostatic environment but with an increase in IgA+ producing cells and in the innate immune cells, mainly those distant from the gut such as spleen and peritoneum. These findings about the capacity of the cell walls from probiotic bacteria to stimulate key cells, such as IECs and macrophages, and to improve the functioning of the immune system, suggest that those structures could be applied as a new oral adjuvant.

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