scholarly journals Effect of alkali ions on optical properties of flavins: vibronic spectra of cryogenic M+lumiflavin complexes (M = Li–Cs)

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 256-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Müller ◽  
Pablo Nieto ◽  
Mitsuhiko Miyazaki ◽  
Otto Dopfer
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Large Impact ◽  
Alkali Ions ◽  
Ion Spectroscopy ◽  
Vibronic Spectra

Cryogenic ion spectroscopy of metal–lumiflavin (M+LF) complexes at the level of vibrational resolution illustrates the large impact of alkali ions on the optical properties of this prototypical flavin molecule.

Effect of alkali ions on optical properties of flavins: vibronic spectra of cryogenic M+lumichrome ions (M = Li–Cs) in the gas phase

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (34) ◽  
pp. 22148-22158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Nieto ◽  
David Müller ◽  
Alexander Sheldrick ◽  
Alan Günther ◽  
Mitsuhiko Miyazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Large Impact ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Alkali Ions ◽  
Ion Spectroscopy ◽  
Vibronic Spectra

Cryogenic ion spectroscopy of M+LC (M = Li–Cs) obtained by photodissociation of mass selected ions in a tandem mass spectrometer illustrates the large impact of metalation on the optical properties of the simplest flavin molecule.

Alkali ions effect on optical properties of Tm 3+ , Yb 3+ co-doped gadolinium tungstate phosphor

2018 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Yadav ◽  
R.S. Yadav ◽  
A.K. Singh ◽  
A. Bahadur ◽  
T.P. Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Alkali Ions ◽  
Co Doped

Structure and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Glasses for Photonic Switching

1989 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Vogel ◽  
D. M. Krol ◽  
J. L. Jackel ◽  
J. S. Aitchison
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Empirical Relation ◽  
Electronic Configuration ◽  
Vitreous Silica ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Properties ◽  
Photonic Switching ◽  
Alkali Ions ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTThe possible use of glasses as the nonlinear optical material in all-optical switching calls for glasses with nonlinear refractive indices much higher than those of vitreous silica. Relatively high values of the nonlinear index coefficient, n2, have been found in Na2O-TiO2-Nb2O5-SiO2 glasses, in which n2 is completely dominated by the Ti-O and Nb-O bonds. We have investigated the nonlinear optical properties of R2O-TiO2-Nb2O5-SiO2 glasses as a function of the monovalent ion R (Na, K, Rb, Cs, TI). The results show that the dependence of n2 on R is larger than predicted from the empirical relation between n2 and n. An especially large enhancement of n2 is seen for T1. This can be explained by the difference in electronic configuration between TI (unfilled shell) and the alkali ions (filled shell).

Design of objective lens for 200-kV high-resolution electron microscopes

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
K. Tsuno ◽  
T. Honda ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
M. Naruse
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Axial Magnetic Field ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Correction Of Astigmatism ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Stage 1

Developement of computer technology provides much improvements on electron microscopy, such as simulation of images, reconstruction of images and automatic controll of microscopes (auto-focussing and auto-correction of astigmatism) and design of electron microscope lenses by using a finite element method (FEM). In this investigation, procedures for simulating the optical properties of objective lenses of HREM and the characteristics of the new lens for HREM at 200 kV are described.The process for designing the objective lens is divided into three stages. Stage 1 is the process for estimating the optical properties of the lens. Firstly, calculation by FEM is made for simulating the axial magnetic field distributions Bzc of the lens. Secondly, electron ray trajectory is numerically calculated by using Bzc. And lastly, using Bzc and ray trajectory, spherical and chromatic aberration coefficients Cs and Cc are numerically calculated. Above calculations are repeated by changing the shape of lens until! to find an optimum aberration coefficients.

Optical Properties of HVEM Accelerators

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
A. Strojnik ◽  
J.W. Scholl ◽  
V. Bevc
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Electron Accelerator ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Electron Source ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optical Behavior

The electron accelerator, as inserted between the electron source (injector) and the imaging column of the HVEM, is usually a strong lens and should be optimized in order to ensure high brightness over a wide range of accelerating voltages and illuminating conditions. This is especially true in the case of the STEM where the brightness directly determines the highest resolution attainable. In the past, the optical behavior of accelerators was usually determined for a particular configuration. During the development of the accelerator for the Arizona 1 MEV STEM, systematic investigation was made of the major optical properties for a variety of electrode configurations, number of stages N, accelerating voltages, 1 and 10 MEV, and a range of injection voltages ϕ0 = 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 kV).

Differential polarization imaging of sickled cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
Marcos F. Maestre
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Polarization Microscopy ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Polarization Imaging ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Microscopic Scale ◽  
Chiral Structures

Recently we have developed a form of polarization microscopy that forms images using optical properties that have previously been limited to macroscopic samples. This has given us a new window into the distribution of structure on a microscopic scale. We have coined the name differential polarization microscopy to identify the images obtained that are due to certain polarization dependent effects. Differential polarization microscopy has its origins in various spectroscopic techniques that have been used to study longer range structures in solution as well as solids. The differential scattering of circularly polarized light has been shown to be dependent on the long range chiral order, both theoretically and experimentally. The same theoretical approach was used to show that images due to differential scattering of circularly polarized light will give images dependent on chiral structures. With large helices (greater than the wavelength of light) the pitch and radius of the helix could be measured directly from these images.

A transmission electron microscopic study of structural transitions in fast ionic conductors

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
R. B. Queenan ◽  
P. K. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Ionic Conduction ◽  
Recent Observation ◽  
Ionic Conductivities ◽  
Sodium Aluminate ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Ionic Conductors ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Trivalent Cations

Na ß“-alumina (Na1.67Mg67Al10.33O17) is a non-stoichiometric sodium aluminate which exhibits fast ionic conduction of the Na+ ions in two dimensions. The Na+ ions can be exchanged with a variety of mono-, di-, and trivalent cations. The resulting exchanged materials also show high ionic conductivities.Considerable interest in the Na+-Nd3+-ß“-aluminas has been generated as a result of the recent observation of lasing in the pulsed and cw modes. A recent TEM investigation on a 100% exchanged Nd ß“-alumina sample found evidence for the intergrowth of two different structure types. Microdiffraction revealed an ordered phase coexisting with an apparently disordered phase, in which the cations are completely randomized in two dimensions. If an order-disorder transition is present then the cooling rates would be expected to affect the microstructures of these materials which may in turn affect the optical properties. The purpose of this work was to investigate the affect of thermal treatments upon the micro-structural and optical properties of these materials.

Practical Correction of Three Fold Astigmatism in the Philips CM TEM

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
Arno J. Bleeker ◽  
Mark H.F. Overwijk ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
The Other ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Symmetric Part ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Rotationally Symmetric ◽  
Brightness Field

With the improvement of the optical properties of the modern TEM objective lenses the point resolution is pushed beyond 0.2 nm. The objective lens of the CM300 UltraTwin combines a Cs of 0. 65 mm with a Cc of 1.4 mm. At 300 kV this results in a point resolution of 0.17 nm. Together with a high-brightness field-emission gun with an energy spread of 0.8 eV the information limit is pushed down to 0.1 nm. The rotationally symmetric part of the phase contrast transfer function (pctf), whose first zero at Scherzer focus determines the point resolution, is mainly determined by the Cs and defocus. Apart from the rotationally symmetric part there is also the non-rotationally symmetric part of the pctf. Here the main contributors are not only two-fold astigmatism and beam tilt but also three-fold astigmatism. The two-fold astigmatism together with the beam tilt can be corrected in a straight-forward way using the coma-free alignment and the objective stigmator. However, this only works well when the coefficient of three-fold astigmatism is negligible compared to the other aberration coefficients. Unfortunately this is not generally the case with the modern high-resolution objective lenses. Measurements done at a CM300 SuperTwin FEG showed a three fold-astigmatism of 1100 nm which is consistent with measurements done by others. A three-fold astigmatism of 1000 nm already sinificantly influences the image at a spatial frequency corresponding to 0.2 nm which is even above the point resolution of the objective lens. In principle it is possible to correct for the three-fold astigmatism a posteriori when through-focus series are taken or when off-axis holography is employed. This is, however not possible for single images. The only possibility is then to correct for the three-fold astigmatism in the microscope by the addition of a hexapole corrector near the objective lens.

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