Engineered silver nanoparticles in terrestrial environments: a meta-analysis shows that the overall environmental risk is small

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 2531-2544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Enzo Lombi ◽  
Neal W. Menzies ◽  
Fang-Jie Zhao ◽  
Peter M. Kopittke
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Trophic Transfer ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Terrestrial Environments

The risk of engineered silver nanoparticles to terrestrial plants and fauna (including humans through trophic transfer) is small.

scholarly journals The Coevolution of Plants and Microbes Underpins Sustainable Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Dongmei Lyu ◽  
Levini A. Msimbira ◽  
Mahtab Nazari ◽  
Mohammed Antar ◽  
Antoine Pagé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Terrestrial Environments

Terrestrial plants evolution occurred in the presence of microbes, the phytomicrobiome. The rhizosphere microbial community is the most abundant and diverse subset of the phytomicrobiome and can include both beneficial and parasitic/pathogenic microbes. Prokaryotes of the phytomicrobiome have evolved relationships with plants that range from non-dependent interactions to dependent endosymbionts. The most extreme endosymbiotic examples are the chloroplasts and mitochondria, which have become organelles and integral parts of the plant, leading to some similarity in DNA sequence between plant tissues and cyanobacteria, the prokaryotic symbiont of ancestral plants. Microbes were associated with the precursors of land plants, green algae, and helped algae transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments. In the terrestrial setting the phytomicrobiome contributes to plant growth and development by (1) establishing symbiotic relationships between plant growth-promoting microbes, including rhizobacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, (2) conferring biotic stress resistance by producing antibiotic compounds, and (3) secreting microbe-to-plant signal compounds, such as phytohormones or their analogues, that regulate aspects of plant physiology, including stress resistance. As plants have evolved, they recruited microbes to assist in the adaptation to available growing environments. Microbes serve themselves by promoting plant growth, which in turn provides microbes with nutrition (root exudates, a source of reduced carbon) and a desirable habitat (the rhizosphere or within plant tissues). The outcome of this coevolution is the diverse and metabolically rich microbial community that now exists in the rhizosphere of terrestrial plants. The holobiont, the unit made up of the phytomicrobiome and the plant host, results from this wide range of coevolved relationships. We are just beginning to appreciate the many ways in which this complex and subtle coevolution acts in agricultural systems.

scholarly journals Estimating Aggregate Environmental Risk Score in Psychiatry: The Exposome Score for Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta-Katrin Pries ◽  
Gamze Erzin ◽  
Bart P. F. Rutten ◽  
Jim van Os ◽  
Sinan Guloksuz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Sum Scores ◽  
Meta Analyses

To understand the role of environment in the pathoetiology of psychosis spectrum disorders, research has thus far mainly investigated the effects of single exposures in isolation, such as the association between cannabis use and schizophrenia. However, this approach fails to acknowledge the complexity of the exposome, which represents the totality of the environment involving many exposures over an individual's lifetime. Therefore, contemporary research adopting the exposome paradigm has aimed at capturing the combined effect of different environmental exposures by utilizing an aggregate environmental vulnerability score for schizophrenia: the exposome score for schizophrenia. Here, we attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of studies applying the exposome score for schizophrenia. First, we describe several approaches estimating exposomic vulnerability for schizophrenia, which falls into three categories: simple environmental sum scores (sum of dichotomized exposures), meta-analysis-based environmental risk score (sum scores weighted by estimates from meta-analyses), and the exposome score (sum score weighted by estimates from an analysis in an independent training dataset). Studies show that the exposome score for schizophrenia that assumes interdependency of exposures performs better than scores that assume independence of exposures, such as the environmental sum score and the meta-analysis-based environmental risk score. Second, we discuss findings on the pluripotency of the exposome score for schizophrenia and summarize findings from gene-environment studies using the exposome score for schizophrenia. Finally, we discuss possible scientific, clinical, and population-based applications of exposome score for schizophrenia, as well as limitations and future directions for exposome research to understand the etiology of psychosis spectrum disorders.

The Toxic Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Nerve Cells: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-119
Author(s):  
Atousa Janzadeh ◽  
Michael R. Hamblin ◽  
Narges Janzadeh ◽  
Hossein Arzani ◽  
MahsaTashakori-Miyanroudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nerve Cells

scholarly journals Phytotoxic effect of silver nanoparticles on seed germination and growth of terrestrial plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Budhani ◽  
Nzube Prisca Egboluche ◽  
Zikri Arslan ◽  
Hongtao Yu ◽  
Hua Deng
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Germination And Growth

scholarly journals Environmental risk factors of leptospirosis in urban settings: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e023359
Author(s):  
Mohd Hatta Abdul Mutalip ◽  
Mohd Amierul Fikri Mahmud ◽  
Noor Aliza Lodz ◽  
Norzawati Yoep ◽  
Eida Nurhadzira Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Susceptible Populations

IntroductionLeptospirosis is the most common zoonotic disease that causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. The disease can cause sporadic epidemics and recent epidemics have become more apparent in urban localities. There is lack of documented evidence on the specific risk factors of leptospirosis infection among the urbanites, thereby impeding initiatives for prevention in urban settings. We aim to systematically search published articles and synthesise evidence on the risk factors associated with leptospirosis infection among the susceptible populations in urban localities, particularly to identify the risk factors of non-recreational leptospirosis infection.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review of observational studies that investigated environmental risk factors of leptospirosis in urban localities. The search will be performed for any eligible articles from selected electronic databases from 1970 until May 2018. The study will include any studies that investigated risk factors of confirmed leptospirosis cases who acquired the infection in urban locality, particularly exposures from the non-recreational and non-water-related activities. Study selection and reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guideline. All data will be extracted using a standardised data extraction form and quality of the studies will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale guideline. Descriptive and meta-analysis will be performed by calculating the standardised median ORs and risk ratios for types of the non-recreational risk factors stratified by social, living conditions and environmental exposures, types of reservoirs and transmissions and types of activities and employments associated with leptospirosis infection in urban locality.Ethics and disseminationNo primary data will be collected thus no formal ethical approval is required. The results will be disseminated though a peer-reviewed publication and conference presentation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018090820.

Estimation of the Effect Size of Environmental Risk Factors on Atopic Dermatitis: a Meta-Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 2119
Author(s):  
Byoung-Hak Jeon* ◽  
Eun-Hye Kim ◽  
Soo Eun Chung ◽  
Jihyun Kim ◽  
Kangmo Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors

Climate warming and biomass accumulation of terrestrial plants: a meta-analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delu Lin ◽  
Jianyang Xia ◽  
Shiqiang Wan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Terrestrial Plants

scholarly journals Experience as a Safety Factor in Driving; Methodological Considerations in a Sample of Bus Drivers

Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders af Wåhlberg ◽  
Lisa Dorn
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Method Effects ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Exact Size ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Experience is generally seen as an important factor for safe driving, but the exact size and details of this effect has never been meta-analytically described, despite a fair number of published results. However, the available data is heterogeneous concerning the methods used, which could lead to very different results. Such method effects can be difficult to identify in meta-analysis, and a within-study comparison might yield more reliable results. To test for the difference in effects between some different analytical methods, analyses of data on bus driver experience and crash involvement from a British company were conducted. Effects of within- and between-subjects analysis, non-linearity of effects, and direct and induced exposure methods were compared. Furthermore, changes in the environmental risk were investigated. Between-subject designs yielded smaller effects as compared to within-subjects designs, while non-linearity was not found. The type of exposure control applied had a strong influence on effects, as did differences in overall environmental risk between years. Apparently, “the effect of driving experience” means different things depending upon how calculations have been undertaken, at least for bus drivers. A full meta-analysis, taking several effects of methodology into account, is needed before it can be said that the effect of driving experience on crash involvement is well understood.

Mutual effects of silver nanoparticles and antimony(iii)/(v) co-exposed to Glycine max (L.) Merr. in hydroponic systems: uptake, translocation, physiochemical responses, and potential mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 2691-2707
Author(s):  
Weicheng Cao ◽  
Jilai Gong ◽  
Guangming Zeng ◽  
Biao Song ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Metallic Element ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Hydroponic Systems

Antimony (Sb) is a non-necessary metallic element to plants, which can get largely accumulated by terrestrial plants and potentially invade the food chain, leading to concerns with regard to food safety.

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