Slow relaxation of the magnetization observed in mononuclear Ln–radical compounds with D4d geometry configurations

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 558-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Yun Chen ◽  
Ming Ze Wu ◽  
Zhong Yi Liu ◽  
Li Tian ◽  
Yi Quan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Process ◽  
Slow Relaxation ◽  
Relaxation Processes

Three monometallic Ln-NIT complexes have been synthesized based on a pyrazole radical. The central LnIII ions are all in D4d polyhedron configurations. Tb's complex shows a single relaxation process. Dy's complex exhibits complicated relaxation processes.

Stress Relaxation during Isothermal Annealing at Elevated Temperatures in Electroplated Cu Films

2003 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Jung Hwang ◽  
Young-Chang Joo ◽  
Junichi Koike
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Relaxation Process ◽  
Surface Diffusion ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Slow Relaxation ◽  
Diffusion Creep ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Fast Relaxation

ABSTRACTDeformation mechanisms of electroplated Cu thin films on TaN/SiO2/Si were investigated by performing isothermal annealing above 200 °C. Stress relaxation behavior during isothermal annealing was analyzed by curve fitting using exponential decay equations. During heating, fast relaxation and subsequent slow relaxation processes were observed. In contrast, during cooling, only slow relaxation process was observed. Among possible mechanisms for stress relaxation, diffusion creep was found to be the most plausible mechanism based on the obtained values of the activation energy. It was suggested that the slow relaxation process observed both in the heating and in the cooling processes was attributed to a grain-boundary diffusion creep. On the other hand, the fast relaxation process observed during heating was attributed to a surface-diffusion controlled mechanism. The surface diffusion mechanism was considered to be characteristic to Cu thin films that did not form stable surface oxide.

scholarly journals The Dynamic Properties of 5Cb Filled with Aerosil Particles Investigated by Pcs

1999 ◽  
Vol 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Aliev ◽  
M. Kreuzer ◽  
Yu.P. Panarin
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Relaxation Process ◽  
Nematic Liquid Crystal ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Optoelectronic Application

ABSTRACTNematic liquid crystal filled with Aerosil particles, a prospective composite material for optoelectronic application, has been investigated by static light scattering and Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS). The Aerosil particles in filled nematic liquid crystals (FN) form a network structure with LC domains about 2500 Å in size with a random distribution of the director orientation of each domain.We found that the properties of 5CB are considerably affected by the network. The N-I phase transition in filled 5CB was found to be smeared out and depressed. PCS experiments show that two new relaxation processes appear in filled 5CB in addition to the director fluctuation process in bulk. The slow relaxation process, with a broad spectrum of relaxation times, is somewhat similar to the slow decay, which is observed in confined nematic liquid crystal.The middle frequency process was assigned to the director fluctuations in the surface layer formed at the particle-LC interface. The decay function describing this relaxation process is a stretched exponential (β ≍ 0.7). The temperature dependence of the relaxation times of the middle frequency obeys the Vogel-Rilcher law. Such a temperature dependence, accompanied by a broad spectrum of relaxation times suggests that the dynamics of the director fluctuations near the Aerosil particle-LC interface is glass-like.

Structural Relaxation Process in CuHfTi Amorphous Alloys

2009 ◽  
Vol 283-286 ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumasa Yamada ◽  
N. Shinagawa ◽  
M. Sogame ◽  
I.A. Figueroa ◽  
Hywel A. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Relaxation Process ◽  
Structural Relaxation ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Structure Relaxation

The aim of this research is to clarify a quantitative evaluation in the structural relaxation processes focusing on the activation energy in Cu based amorphous alloys. The activation energy for structural relaxation process in a metal type amorphous CuHfTi ternary alloys, with cross sections of typically 0.03 mm x 2.0 mm, prepared by chill-block melt spinning has been investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) with a cyclically heating technique. Activation energies for structural relaxation with a spatial quantity in amorphous materials have been discussed by use of a relaxed ratio function that depends on annealing temperature and time. In the present work, the distributions for the Activation Energy Spectrum (AES) were observed almost 152 kJmol-1 (1.58 eV). Another result has been also established that the “reversible” AES model energy distribution though the cyclically structure relaxation occurs even in amorphous Cu60Hf20Ti20 alloy.

Magnetic field and dilution effects on the slow relaxation of {Er3} triangle-based arsenotungstate single-molecule magnets

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (35) ◽  
pp. 12458-12465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanhan Chen ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Jinpeng Zhang ◽  
Zikang Xiao ◽  
Pengtao Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Magnetic Relaxation ◽  
Slow Relaxation ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Single Molecule Magnets ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Slow Magnetic Relaxation ◽  
Dilution Effects

Triangular {Er3} cluster containing POM exhibits field-induced two thermally activated relaxation processes. Whereas, the diamagnetic dilution sample indicates slow magnetic relaxation with the QTM being partially suppressed.

Dramatic impact of auxiliary ligands on the two-step magnetic relaxation process in Dy4(iii) single-molecule magnets

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (17) ◽  
pp. 5793-5799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Gao-Peng Li ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Yao-Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Process ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Magnetic Relaxation ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Single Molecule Magnets ◽  
Coordination Sites

Two-step relaxation processes are modulated in two Dy(iii)4 SMMs through modifying the auxiliary ligands on the changeable coordination sites.

Slow relaxation processes and screening in ferroelectric-semiconductor SBSI

1984 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Fridkin ◽  
A. A. Grekov ◽  
N. A. Korchagina ◽  
E. D. Rogach ◽  
A. I. Rodin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Relaxation ◽  
Relaxation Processes

A very rapid electronic relaxation process in a highly conjugated Zn(ii)porphyrin–[26]hexaphyrin–Zn(ii)porphyrin hybrid tape

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 3244-3249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangsu Lee ◽  
Hirotaka Mori ◽  
Taegon Lee ◽  
Manho Lim ◽  
Atsuhiro Osuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Process ◽  
Vibrational Relaxation ◽  
Energy Relaxation ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Electronic Relaxation ◽  
Vibronic State ◽  
Molecular Systems

We demonstrate that the electronic deactivation overtakes the vibrational relaxation processes in the energy relaxation processes from the initially excited vibronic state manifolds in highly conjugated molecular systems.

Relaxation Processes in Vulcanized Rubber. II. Secondary Relaxation Due to Network Breakdown

1963 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Relaxation Process ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Secondary Relaxation ◽  
Oxidative Deterioration ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Oxidation Inhibitors ◽  
Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

Abstract An experimental study is described of a “secondary” relaxation process in stretched vulcanizates, which becomes dominant after long periods at normal temperatures. It is shown to be affected markedly by the temperature, the atmosphere in which the test is conducted, and the presence of oxidation inhibitors. It is therefore attributed to oxidative deterioration of the molecular structure. In some vulcanizates, however, a similar or even greater relaxation is found to occur in vacuo, and this is attributed to the failure of specific crosslink structures. The extent of recovery on releasing the extended testpieces has also been investigated for a number of natural rubber vulcanizates.

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