Amino-nitramino functionalized triazolotriazines: a good balance between high energy and low sensitivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (41) ◽  
pp. 14483-14490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinchao Ma ◽  
Guangbin Cheng ◽  
Xuehai Ju ◽  
Zhenxin Yi ◽  
Shunguan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Good Balance ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Amino-nitramino functionalized triazolotriazines with high-energy content and low sensitivity are reported, presenting a potential design concept for high-performance insensitive energetic materials.

New concept for the design of zero-hydrogen energetic materials with high energy and low sensitivity: achieving a good balance among parent compounds, nitro groups, and N-oxides

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Linghua Tan ◽  
Zusheng Hang ◽  
Weihua Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Energetic Material ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
New Novel ◽  
Energetic Compound ◽  
The Density Functional Theory ◽  
Low Sensitivity

A new powerful zero-hydrogen energetic compound DNDOBTT (2,7-dinitro-4N,9N-dioxide-bis[1,2,4]-triazolo)[1,5-b:1′,5′e][1,2,4,5] tetrazine) was produced by a new design concept of achieving a balance among the parent compound, nitro groups, and N-oxides. Its structure and properties was studied by the density functional theory. The breaking of N–N bond in the tetrazine ring is an initial decomposition step of DNDOBTT, and the energy barrier was predicted to be 175 kJ·mol−1. DNDOBTT has comparable detonation performance with some CHNO energetic compounds, including the most powerful ONC (octanitrocubane), whereas its sensitivity and thermal stability are obviously lower and better than those of ONC, respectively, indicating that DNDOBTT has both the high energy and reduced sensitivity and may be a valuable candidate for experiments. Therefore, a new novel energetic material DNDOBTT with good overall performance has been obtained successfully by the new design concept, and it may be applied to design and develop other novel improved zero-hydrogen energetic materials.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Synthesis and Properties of Nitrated-Pyrazoles Based Energetic Compounds

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijie Zhang ◽  
Zhenguo Gao ◽  
Di Lan ◽  
Qian Jia ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
High Heat ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Heat Of Formation ◽  
Energetic Compounds

Nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have attracted wide publicity in the field of energetic materials (EMs) due to their high heat of formation, high density, tailored thermal stability, and detonation performance. Many nitrated-pyrazole-based energetic compounds have been developed to meet the increasing demands of high power, low sensitivity, and eco-friendly environment, and they have good applications in explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. Continuous and growing efforts have been committed to promote the rapid development of nitrated-pyrazole-based EMs in the last decade, especially through large amounts of Chinese research. Some of the ultimate aims of nitrated-pyrazole-based materials are to develop potential candidates of castable explosives, explore novel insensitive high energy materials, search for low cost synthesis strategies, high efficiency, and green environmental protection, and further widen the applications of EMs. This review article aims to present the recent processes in the synthesis and physical and explosive performances of the nitrated-pyrazole-based Ems, including monopyrazoles with nitro, bispyrazoles with nitro, nitropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyrazoles, and their derivatives, and to comb the development trend of these compounds. This review intends to prompt fresh concepts for designing prominent high-performance nitropyrazole-based EMs.

N-functionalized nitroxy/azido fused-ring azoles as high-performance energetic materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (19) ◽  
pp. 7430-7436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaheng Zhang ◽  
Ping Yin ◽  
Lauren A. Mitchell ◽  
Damon A. Parrish ◽  
Jean'ne M. Shreeve
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Nitrate Esters ◽  
Nitrate Ester ◽  
High Energy Density Materials ◽  
Fused Ring

A series of fused ring-based nitrate esters/azides and a coupled-ring-based nitrate ester were prepared as high energy density materials.

scholarly journals Compatibility Study of 1,1-Diamino-2,2-Dinitroethene (FOX-7) with Some Energetic Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yuan-ping Zhang ◽  
Cong-hua Hou ◽  
Xin-lei Jia ◽  
Ying-xin Tan ◽  
Jing-yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Compatibility Study ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Vacuum Stability ◽  
Dsc Measurements ◽  
Vacuum Stability Test ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Thermal Technique

1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) is a novel explosive with low sensitivity and high performance. The compatibility of FOX-7 with nine common energetic materials including hexanitrohexazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX), cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), 3,4-dinitrofurazanfuroxan (DNTF), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), hexanitrostilbene (HNS-II), 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105), 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TATB), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) were tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the vacuum stability test (VST) as the thermal technique and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) as a nonthermal technique. DSC measurements showed that the binary systems of FOX-7/CL-20, FOX-7/HMX, FOX-7/NTO, and FOX-7/TNT were compatible in grade of A, the systems of FOX-7 with heat-resistant explosives including HNS-II, LLM-105, and TATB were compatible as well in grade of A-B, and the binary systems of FOX-7/DNTF and FOX-7/RDX had poor compatibility. VST results indicated that FOX-7 was compatible with nine energetic materials. Besides, the compatibility results of the thermal analysis were confirmed by the XRD technique.

1-Nitro-2-trinitromethyl substituted imidazoles: a new family of high performance energetic materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (45) ◽  
pp. 17791-17800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuangang Xu ◽  
Cheng Shen ◽  
Qiuhan Lin ◽  
Pengcheng Wang ◽  
Chao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
New Family ◽  
Low Sensitivity

A series of trinitromethyl-substituted imidazole energetic materials that achieved a fine balance between high performance and low sensitivity were synthesized.

Bioconversion and biodegradation of aliphatic hydrocarbons

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1034-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas D. Lindley
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
Commodity Chemicals ◽  
Potential Substrate

Aliphatic hydrocarbons represent a substantial energy reserve but also constitute a useful feedstock for the biotechnological production of various alkane-derived commodity chemicals. In addition, the biodegradation of aliphatic hydrocarbons continues to pose problems for fuel stocks with associated corrosion and eventual motor filter blocking. A relatively high number of yeasts and filamentous fungi have been described that degrade n-alkanes, but relatively few have received thorough investigation. Early work exploiting hydrocarbons as a potential substrate for unicellular protein production, though never commercially successful, enabled high-performance fermentation strategies to be developed that overcame many of the inherent problems caused by the use of high energy content insoluble liquid substrates. The biochemical pathways and physiological characteristics have been sufficiently established, as have the subcellular localization of the alkane-specific pathways, though many of the regulatory phenomena remain obscure. Currently, interest lies in the exploitation of such species, or their enzymes, in bioconversion processes and the unicellular yeasts, whose amenability to rational genetic engineering strategies exceeds that of filamentous species, are currently attracting renewed research interest. In view of this, the existing knowledge and potential for alkane-based biotechnology will be reviewed. Key words: alkane metabolism, bioconversion, biotechnology, aliphatic hydrocarbons, yeasts, filamentous fungi.

Hydroxide derivatives of tetrazole: computational design approach for high-energy materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 738-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alka Devi ◽  
Vikas D. Ghule
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Heat Of Formation ◽  
Detonation Properties ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Derivatives Of

Based on the backbone of the nitrogen-rich triazole and tetrazole structure, their N–OH derivatives were designed to improve the properties of energetic materials. This work introduces five novel nitrogen-rich derivatives and their energetic salts as high-performance compounds. Reliable methods and correlations are used to predict the heat of formation, density, detonation, and combustion properties and explosive power. The predicted energetic properties are also compared with well-known explosives, TNT, TATB, RDX, and HMX, to evaluate the performance. A majority of the designed salts exhibited high positive heats of formation, good detonation properties, and high explosive power. Ammonium, hydrazinium, and hydroxylammonium salts (1–3), which have relatively high densities (over 1.86 g/cm3), resulted in good detonation velocities (above 9.0 km/s) and pressures (above 35 GPa), making them competitive energetic materials.

Jet Fuels Development and Alternatives

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Goodger
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Hydrogen ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Near Term

The jet engine group comprises aero turbines, ramjets and rockets, their level of performance increasing in that order, with fuel requirements showing both similarities and differences. The conventional fuel for aero turbine engines, for example, is aviation kerosine, several variants of which exist for specific applications. Aviation fuel specifications are invariably stringent, and variations with density are shown for typical properties. The dwindling availability of optimal crudes over the last 25 years has resulted in a general degradation in the quality of aviation kerosine, with adverse effects on combustion performance, emissions and engine life except where hardware solutions emerged in parallel. In fact, the reduction of emissions is seen to be more a matter of engine design than fuel technology. In the near term, supplies of kerosine may be supplemented from sources other than crude oil, whereas in the longer term, kerosine may be substituted by liquid methane and/or liquid hydrogen. In comparison with kerosine, liquid hydrogen produces more nitrogen in its combustion products on a fuel mass basis, but less on an energy basis, although the flame temperature is higher giving possibilities of more NOx. The fuel requirements of high energy content and storage stability apply across the board, but additional parameters of concern are heat capacity in the case of ramjets, and combustion-product chemistry with rockets, which demand a range of candidate high-performance fuels.

Fused rings with N-oxide and –NH2: good combination for high density and low sensitivity energetic materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (61) ◽  
pp. 8979-8982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Hu ◽  
Ping Yin ◽  
Gregory H. Imler ◽  
Damon A. Parrish ◽  
Haixiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Good Combination ◽  
High Density ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
High Energy Materials ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Energetic materials with N-oxide and amino groups suggest a promising alternative for the design of high-energy materials with low sensitivity.

Nitrogen-rich salts of 1-aminotetrazol-5-one: oxygen-containing insensitive energetic materials with high thermal stability

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (74) ◽  
pp. 60005-60014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yin ◽  
Jin-Ting Wu ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Cai-Xia Xu ◽  
Piao He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
High Thermal Stability ◽  
Detonation Performance ◽  
Good Balance ◽  
Ionic Salts ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Energetic ionic salts based on ATO exhibit a good balance between low sensitivity and high detonation performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document