Hetero-association models of non-covalent molecular complexation

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 7717-7731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly S. Buchelnikov ◽  
Vladislav P. Evstigneev ◽  
Maxim P. Evstigneev
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Supramolecular Structures ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Association Models ◽  
Molecular Complexation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Different Types

The present review discusses the current state-of-the-art in building models enabling the description of non-covalent equilibrium complexation of different types of molecules in solution, which results in the formation of supramolecular structures different in length and composition (hetero-association or supramolecular multicomponent co-polymerisation).

A Survey of Various Encoding Schemes and Associated Placement Algorithms Applied to Packing and Layout Problems

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Tiwari ◽  
Georges Fadel ◽  
Vladimir Gantovnik
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Encoding Scheme ◽  
Packing Problems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Placement Algorithms

In this paper, we investigate the current state-of-the-art in packing algorithms. The focus of this survey is on the different types of encoding schemes and associated placement techniques used to represent the layout of a set of objects. The encoding schemes are investigated with respect to their suitability to different types of packing problems, specific scenarios where a given representation may outperform others and their limitations. The different types of placement algorithms that can be used with a given encoding are described. Some common desirable characteristics that an encoding scheme should follow are also discussed. Finally a qualitative comparison of the various encoding schemes is presented to help in selecting a specific representation based on a set of criteria.

scholarly journals Liquid fuel cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1399-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigorii L Soloveichik
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Organic Fuels ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Oxygen Fuel

The advantages of liquid fuel cells (LFCs) over conventional hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells include a higher theoretical energy density and efficiency, a more convenient handling of the streams, and enhanced safety. This review focuses on the use of different types of organic fuels as an anode material for LFCs. An overview of the current state of the art and recent trends in the development of LFC and the challenges of their practical implementation are presented.

scholarly journals Vulnerabilities to Internet of Things and Current State of the Art of Security Architecture

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1758-1764
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Current State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Internet Of Thing

Internet of Thing (IoT) is one of the most popular systems these days. This ensures internet connectivity of physical devices and everyday objects. This technology is getting popular day by day due advanced technology and cheap price. However, IoT has some vulnerability issues to deal with. The main hindrance of popularity exploitation of IoT is security. In this paper, the study reflects about the most modern technology, IoT and its security and vulnerabilities where the factors of intrusions in IoT and different types of protocols are explored by studying different papers. In this paper, we have followed the structure of Kitchenham [28] to conduct a systematic literature review. We have performed the SLR by collecting some relevant papers from the well-known databases like IEEE xplore, ACM, Springer, Elsevier, etc. Our main purpose is to analyze the recent research works according to the security issue and come up with a result in order to intend to have future research on security of IoT.

scholarly journals Theory, fabrication and applications of microfluidic and nanofluidic biosensors

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1967) ◽  
pp. 2269-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaurya Prakash ◽  
Marie Pinti ◽  
Bharat Bhushan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Special Class ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Unit Operations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sample Extraction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Broad Array

Biosensors are a broad array of devices that detect the type and amount of a biological species or biomolecule. Several different types of biosensors have been developed that rely on changes to mechanical, chemical or electrical properties of the transduction or sensing element to induce a measurable signal. Often, a biosensor will integrate several functions or unit operations such as sample extraction, manipulation and detection on a single platform. This review begins with an overview of the current state-of-the-art biosensor field. Next, the review delves into a special class of biosensors that rely on microfluidics and nanofluidics by presenting the underlying theory, fabrication and several examples and applications of microfluidic and nanofluidic sensors.

scholarly journals Scalable Multiplex Network Embedding

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongming Zhang ◽  
Liwei Qiu ◽  
Lingling Yi ◽  
Yangqiu Song
Keyword(s):  
Link Prediction ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Network Embedding ◽  
Current State ◽  
Multiplex Network ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Combine Information ◽  
Real World Problems

Network embedding has been proven to be helpful for many real-world problems. In this paper, we present a scalable multiplex network embedding model to represent information of multi-type relations into a unified embedding space. To combine information of different types of relations while maintaining their distinctive properties, for each node, we propose one high-dimensional common embedding and a lower-dimensional additional embedding for each type of relation. Then multiple relations can be learned jointly based on a unified network embedding model. We conduct experiments on two tasks: link prediction and node classification using six different multiplex networks. On both tasks, our model achieved better or comparable performance compared to current state-of-the-art models with less memory use.

scholarly journals Mechanochromic Fluorescent Polymers with Aggregation-Induced Emission Features

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 4969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pucci
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Aggregation Induced Emission ◽  
Current State ◽  
Optical Output ◽  
Fluorescent Polymers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fluorogenic Probes

Mechanochromic polymers are defined as materials that are able to detect a mechanical stress through an optical output. This feature has evoked a growing interest in the last decades, thanks to the progress of chromogenic molecules whose optical characteristics and chemical functionalities allow their effective insertion in many thermoplastic and thermoset matrices. Among the different types of fluorogenic probes able to detect mechanical solicitations, those with aggregation-induced emission (i.e., AIEgens) have attracted tremendous interest since their discovery in 2001. In the present review, the main principles behind the AIEgens working behavior are introduced along with the current state of knowledge concerning the design and preparation of the derived mechanochromic fluorescent polymers. Examples are provided concerning the most ingenious solution for the preparation of chromogenic materials, starting from different types of commodity plastics or synthetic polymers and combined with the latest AIE technology to provide the most sensitive response to mechanical stress.

Development of High Refractive Index Plastics

e-Polymers ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. Jha ◽  
G. Seshadri ◽  
A. Mohan ◽  
R.K. Khandal
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Refractive Index ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Current State ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Optical Applications ◽  
Optical Plastics

AbstractOptical plastics have been the priority area of research for material scientists worldwide, mainly, to find alternative materials to glass, a conceptual optical material in use over the years. There are numerous advantages of using plastics for optical applications, in particular for ophthalmic applications over glass. Recently, the researchers have been putting their efforts to develop novel plastic materials to meet requirements of ophthalmic industries. The present review compiles the recent developments in the area of optical plastics. The aim is to present the current state-of-the-art in the field, besides analyzing the various aspects of developing optical plastics. The review presents various possible approaches to achieve the desired properties e.g. high refractive index of the optical plastic materials.

Behavioral Genetics: Concepts for Research and Practice in Language Development and Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Gilger
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Designs

This paper is an introduction to behavioral genetics for researchers and practioners in language development and disorders. The specific aims are to illustrate some essential concepts and to show how behavioral genetic research can be applied to the language sciences. Past genetic research on language-related traits has tended to focus on simple etiology (i.e., the heritability or familiality of language skills). The current state of the art, however, suggests that great promise lies in addressing more complex questions through behavioral genetic paradigms. In terms of future goals it is suggested that: (a) more behavioral genetic work of all types should be done—including replications and expansions of preliminary studies already in print; (b) work should focus on fine-grained, theory-based phenotypes with research designs that can address complex questions in language development; and (c) work in this area should utilize a variety of samples and methods (e.g., twin and family samples, heritability and segregation analyses, linkage and association tests, etc.).

Schizophrenia Research: Current State of the Art

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 497-498
Author(s):  
STANLEY GRAND
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current State

Umbral Calculus

10.37236/24 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Bucchianico ◽  
D. Loeb
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Finite Differences ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Umbral Calculus ◽  
Current State ◽  
Logical Foundation ◽  
Complete Bibliography ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Mathematical Literature

We survey the mathematical literature on umbral calculus (otherwise known as the calculus of finite differences) from its roots in the 19th century (and earlier) as a set of “magic rules” for lowering and raising indices, through its rebirth in the 1970’s as Rota’s school set it on a firm logical foundation using operator methods, to the current state of the art with numerous generalizations and applications. The survey itself is complemented by a fairly complete bibliography (over 500 references) which we expect to update regularly.

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