Bead-based screening in chemical biology and drug discovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (50) ◽  
pp. 6759-6771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly V. Komnatnyy ◽  
Thomas E. Nielsen ◽  
Katrine Qvortrup
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Drug Discovery Process

High-throughput screening is an important component of the drug discovery process.

High-Throughput siRNA-Based Functional Target Validation

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Xin ◽  
Alejandro Bernal ◽  
Frank A. Amato ◽  
Albert Pinhasov ◽  
Jack Kauffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Target Validation ◽  
Drug Discovery Process ◽  
Functional Identification ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Lead Compounds

The drug discovery process pursued by major pharmaceutical companies for many years starts with target identification followed by high-throughput screening (HTS) with the goal of identifying lead compounds. To accomplish this goal, significant resources are invested into automation of the screening process or HTS. Robotic systems capable of handling thousands of data points per day are implemented across the pharmaceutical sector. Many of these systems are amenable to handling cell-based screening protocols as well. On the other hand, as companies strive to develop innovative products based on novel mechanisms of action(s), one of the current bottlenecks of the industry is the target validation process. Traditionally, bioinformatics and HTS groups operate separately at different stages of the drug discovery process. The authors describe the convergence and integration of HTS and bioinformatics to perform high-throughput target functional identification and validation. As an example of this approach, they initiated a project with a functional cell-based screen for a biological process of interest using libraries of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules. In this protocol, siRNAs function as potent gene-specific inhibitors. siRNA-mediated knockdown of the target genes is confirmed by TaqMan analysis, and genes with impacts on biological functions of interest are selected for further analysis. Once the genes are confirmed and further validated, they may be used for HTS to yield lead compounds.

scholarly journals Chemical fragment arrays for rapid druggability assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (58) ◽  
pp. 9067-9070 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Aretz ◽  
Y. Kondoh ◽  
K. Honda ◽  
U. R. Anumala ◽  
M. Nazaré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Drug Discovery Process ◽  
Target Proteins

Incorporation of early druggability assessment in the drug discovery process provides a means to prioritize target proteins for high-throughput screening.

scholarly journals Managing laboratory automation: integration and informatics in drug discovery

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 169-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Manly
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Combinatorial Chemistry ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Laboratory Automation ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Drug Discovery Process ◽  
Modern Drug

Drug discovery today requires the focused use of laboratory automation and other resources in combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening (HTS). The ultimate value of both combinatorial chemistry and HTS technologies and the lasting impact they will have on the drug discovery process is a chapter that remains to be written. Central to their success and impact is how well they are integrated with each other and with the rest of the drug discovery processes-informatics is key to this success. This presentation focuses on informatics and the integration of the disciplines of combinatorial chemistry and HTS in modern drug discovery. Examples from experiences at Neurogen from the last five years are described.

Ultra-High Throughput Screening

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Chris Shumate ◽  
Scott Beckey ◽  
Peter Coassin ◽  
Harry Stylli
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Drug Discovery Process ◽  
Fluorescent Assay ◽  
Integrated Technology ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Traditional Drug ◽  
Time Required

Aurora Biosciences Corporation designs and develops proprietary drug discovery systems, services and technologies to accelerate and enhance the discovery of new pharmaceuticals. Aurora is developing an integrated technology platform centered around two technologies; 1) a portfolio of proprietary fluorescent assay technologies and, 2) an ultra-high throughput screening (“UHTS”) system designed to allow assay miniaturization and to overcome many of the limitations associated with the traditional drug discovery process. This approach takes advantage of the opportunities created by recent advances in genomics and combinatorial chemistry that have generated many new therapeutic targets and an abundance of new small molecule compounds. Aurora believes its integrated platform will accelerate the drug discovery process by shortening the time required to identify high quality lead compounds and to optimize those compounds into drug development candidates.

A Novel High-Throughput FLIPR Tetra–Based Method for Capturing Highly Confluent Kinetic Data for Structure–Kinetic Relationship Guided Early Drug Discovery

2021 ◽  
pp. 247255522110006
Author(s):  
Puneet Khurana ◽  
Lisa McWilliams ◽  
Jonathan Wingfield ◽  
Derek Barratt ◽  
Bharath Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Drug Discovery Process ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Kinetic Relationship

Target engagement by small molecules is necessary for producing a physiological outcome. In the past, a lot of emphasis was placed on understanding the thermodynamics of such interactions to guide structure–activity relationships. It is becoming clearer, however, that understanding the kinetics of the interaction between a small-molecule inhibitor and the biological target [structure–kinetic relationship (SKR)] is critical for selection of the optimum candidate drug molecule for clinical trial. However, the acquisition of kinetic data in a high-throughput manner using traditional methods can be labor intensive, limiting the number of molecules that can be tested. As a result, in-depth kinetic studies are often carried out on only a small number of compounds, and usually at a later stage in the drug discovery process. Fundamentally, kinetic data should be used to drive key decisions much earlier in the drug discovery process, but the throughput limitations of traditional methods preclude this. A major limitation that hampers acquisition of high-throughput kinetic data is the technical challenge in collecting substantially confluent data points for accurate parameter estimation from time course analysis. Here, we describe the use of the fluorescent imaging plate reader (FLIPR), a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera technology, as a potential high-throughput tool for generating biochemical kinetic data with smaller time intervals. Subsequent to the design and optimization of the assay, we demonstrate the collection of highly confluent time-course data for various kinase protein targets with reasonable throughput to enable SKR-guided medicinal chemistry. We select kinase target 1 as a special case study with covalent inhibition, and demonstrate methods for rapid and detailed analysis of the resultant kinetic data for parameter estimation. In conclusion, this approach has the potential to enable rapid kinetic studies to be carried out on hundreds of compounds per week and drive project decisions with kinetic data at an early stage in drug discovery.

Lead Optimization in the Drug Discovery Process

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
S. Lakshmana Prabu ◽  
Rathinasabapathy Thirumurugan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Lead Optimization ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Drug Discovery Process ◽  
Compound Libraries ◽  
Lead Selection ◽  
Clinical Drug

Discovering a new drug molecule against disease is the main objective of drug discovery. Lead optimization is one of the important steps and acts as a starting point. Over the years, it has significantly changed the drug discovery process. Its main focus is the development of preclinical candidates from “Hit” or “Lead.” Lead optimization comprises lead selection and optimization, drug candidate confirmation, and preclinical drug characterization. Lead optimization process can improve the effectiveness towards its target potency, selectivity, protein binding, pharmacokinetic parameters, and to develop a good preclinical candidate. Lead optimization from high-throughput screening to identification of clinical drug candidate is a seamless process that draws new techniques for accelerated synthesis, purification, screening from iterative compound libraries, validation, and to deliver clinical drug candidate with limited human resources. In conclusion, lead optimization phase is done under the suggestion that the optimized lead molecule will have activity against a particular disease.

scholarly journals A Novel High-Throughput FLIPR Tetra Based Method for Capturing Highly Confluent Kinetic Data for Structure-Kinetic Relationship Guided Early Drug Discovery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Khurana ◽  
Lisa McWilliams ◽  
Jonathan Wingfield ◽  
Derek Barratt ◽  
Bharath Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Drug Discovery Process ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Kinetic Relationship

<p>Target engagement by small-molecules is necessary for producing a physiological outcome. In the past, a lot of emphasis was placed on understanding the thermodynamics of such interactions to guide structure-activity relationship. However, it is becoming clearer that understanding the kinetics of the interaction between a small molecule inhibitor and the biological target (structure kinetic relationship, SKR) is critical for selection of the optimum candidate drug molecule for clinical trial. However, the acquisition of kinetic data in high-throughput manner using traditional methods can be labor intensive, limiting the number of molecules that can be tested. As a result, in depth kinetic studies are often carried out only on a small number of compounds and, usually, at a later stage in the drug discovery process. Fundamentally, kinetic data should be used to drive key decisions much earlier in the drug discovery process but the throughput limitations of traditional methods precludes this. A major limitation that hampers acquisition of high-throughput kinetic data is the technical challenge in collecting substantially confluent datapoints for accurate parameter estimation from time-course analysis. Here we describe the use of Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR), a CCD camera technology, as a potential high-throughput tool for generating biochemical kinetic data with smaller time-intervals. Subsequent to the design and optimization of the assay, we demonstrate the collection of highly confluent time-course data for various kinase protein targets with reasonable throughput to enable SKR-guided medicinal chemistry. We select kinase target 1 as a special case study with covalent inhibition and demonstrate methods for rapid and detailed analysis of the resultant kinetic data for parameter estimation . In conclusion, this approach has the potential to enable rapid kinetic studies to be carried out on 100's of compounds per week and drive project decisions with kinetic data at an early stage in drug discovery.</p>

scholarly journals A Novel High-Throughput FLIPR Tetra Based Method for Capturing Highly Confluent Kinetic Data for Structure-Kinetic Relationship Guided Early Drug Discovery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Khurana ◽  
Lisa McWilliams ◽  
Jonathan Wingfield ◽  
Derek Barratt ◽  
Bharath Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Drug Discovery Process ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Kinetic Relationship

<p>Target engagement by small-molecules is necessary for producing a physiological outcome. In the past, a lot of emphasis was placed on understanding the thermodynamics of such interactions to guide structure-activity relationship. However, it is becoming clearer that understanding the kinetics of the interaction between a small molecule inhibitor and the biological target (structure kinetic relationship, SKR) is critical for selection of the optimum candidate drug molecule for clinical trial. However, the acquisition of kinetic data in high-throughput manner using traditional methods can be labor intensive, limiting the number of molecules that can be tested. As a result, in depth kinetic studies are often carried out only on a small number of compounds and, usually, at a later stage in the drug discovery process. Fundamentally, kinetic data should be used to drive key decisions much earlier in the drug discovery process but the throughput limitations of traditional methods precludes this. A major limitation that hampers acquisition of high-throughput kinetic data is the technical challenge in collecting substantially confluent datapoints for accurate parameter estimation from time-course analysis. Here we describe the use of Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR), a CCD camera technology, as a potential high-throughput tool for generating biochemical kinetic data with smaller time-intervals. Subsequent to the design and optimization of the assay, we demonstrate the collection of highly confluent time-course data for various kinase protein targets with reasonable throughput to enable SKR-guided medicinal chemistry. We select kinase target 1 as a special case study with covalent inhibition and demonstrate methods for rapid and detailed analysis of the resultant kinetic data for parameter estimation . In conclusion, this approach has the potential to enable rapid kinetic studies to be carried out on 100's of compounds per week and drive project decisions with kinetic data at an early stage in drug discovery.</p>

scholarly journals The Generations of Sequencing Technologies: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayobami Adesiyan ◽  
Emmanuel Kade ◽  
Iyebeye Ifeakachukwu ◽  
Kafayat Oladimeji ◽  
Kehinde Sowunmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Drug Discovery Process ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
The World ◽  
Sequencing By Synthesis ◽  
Oligonucleotide Detection

The world has now entered into a replacement era of genomics due to the continued advancements within the next generation high throughput sequencing technologies, which incorporates sequencing by synthesis-fluorescent in place sequencing (FISSEQ), pyrosequencing, sequencing by ligation using polony amplification, supported oligonucleotide detection (SOLiD), sequencing by hybridization alongside sequencing by ligation, and nanopore technology. Great impacts of those methods are often seen for solving the genome related problems of plant and Animalia which will open the door of a replacement era of genomics. This might ultimately overcome the Sanger sequencing that ruled for 30 years. NGS is predicted to advance and make the drug discovery process more rapid.

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