Iodine determination in table salts by digital images analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 4463-4470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geovanna de O. Costa ◽  
Fernanda N. Feiteira ◽  
Hanna de M. Schuenck ◽  
Wagner F. Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Iodine Determination

For human health reasons the World Health Organization (WHO) stated in 2014 that the amount of iodine present on table salts should lie within the range of 15 to 65 mg per kilogram of salt, depending on the salt intake levels presented in each population.

Sodium and potassium intake, blood pressure, and cardiovascular prevention

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 2431-2444
Author(s):  
Francesco P. Cappuccio
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Salt consumption is now much greater than needed for survival. High salt intake increases blood pressure in both animals and humans. Conversely, a reduction in salt intake causes a dose-dependent reduction in blood pressure in men and women of all ages and ethnic groups, and in patients already on medication. The risk of strokes and heart attacks rises with increasing blood pressure, but can be decreased by antihypertensive drugs. However, most cardiovascular disease events occur in individuals with ‘normal’ blood pressure levels. Non-pharmacological prevention is therefore the only option to reduce such events. Reduction in population salt intake reduces the number of vascular events. It is one of the most important public health measures to reduce the global cardiovascular burden. Salt reduction policies are powerful, rapid, equitable, and cost saving. The World Health Organization recommends reducing salt consumption below 5 g per day aiming at a global 30% reduction by 2025. A high potassium intake lowers blood pressure in people with and without hypertension. Its beneficial effects extend beyond blood pressure, and may include a reduction in the risk of stroke (independent of blood pressure changes). Potassium intake in the Western world is relatively low, and a lower potassium intake is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, especially stroke. A moderate increase in potassium intake, either as supplement or with diet, reduces blood pressure, and the World Health Organization has issued global recommendations for a target dietary potassium intake of at least 90 mmol/day (≥3510 mg/day) for adults.

scholarly journals Critical Review of the Effects of Glyphosate Exposure to the Environment and Humans through the Food Supply Chain

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Torretta ◽  
Ioannis Katsoyiannis ◽  
Paolo Viotti ◽  
Elena Rada
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Global Market ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Synthesis Product ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Glyphosate is a synthesis product and chemical substance that entered in the global market during the 70s. In the beginning, the molecule was used as an active principle in a wide range of herbicides, with great success. This was mainly due to its systemic and non-selective action against vegetable organisms and also to the spread of Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) crops, which over the years were specifically created with a resistance to glyphosate. To date, the product is, for these reasons, the most sprayed and most used herbicide in the world. Because of its widespread diffusion into the environment, it was not long before glyphosate found itself at the center of an important scientific debate about its adverse effects on health and environment. In fact, in 2015 the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France), an organization referred to as the specialized cancer agency of the World Health Organization (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland), classified the substance as “likely carcinogenic” to humans. This triggered an immediate and negative reaction from the producer, who accused the Agency and claimed that they had failed to carry out their studies properly and that these conclusions were largely contradictory to published research. Additionally, in 2015, just a few months after the IARC monography published on glyphosate, the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy), another WHO related organization, declared that it was “unlikely” that the molecule could be carcinogenic to humans or that it could cause any type of risk to human health. The conflict between the two organizations of the World Health Organization triggered many doubts, and for this reason, a series of independent studies were launched to better understand what glyphosate’s danger to humans and the environment really was. The results have brought to light how massive use of the herbicide has created over time a real global contamination that has not only affected the soil, surface and groundwater as well as the atmosphere, but even food and commonly used objects, such as diapers, medical gauze, and absorbent for female intimate hygiene. How human health is compromised as a result of glyphosate exposure is a topic that is still very debatable and still unclear and unambiguous. This paper is a review of the results of the main independent recent scientific studies.

HEALTHCARE CONSCIOUSNESS WITH SALT

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Average Consumption

This is 12th in the series of Articles on Healthcare Consciousness. In this Article, we throw light on “Intake of Salt”, a part of which was published in June-2011 issue of Vol-27(2011). A research that analysed population from 187 countries said that almost 1.65 million people across the world die due to excessive intake of salt. Average consumption of salt across the globe is 3.95 gm per day per person nearly double the 2 gm recommended by World Health Organization. Rate of death from cardiovascular causes associated with Sodium intake is highest in Georgia and lowest in Kenya. In India, India Council of Medical Research found Mean Salt intake at 9 gm per day. This is highly risky level. In order to reduce dietary Sodium, strong policies are need of the hour.

Part III Human Health and Human Rights, 13 Healthy Oceans for Healthy Lives: The Contribution of the World Health Organization to Global Ocean Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negri Stefania
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Human Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Health And Human Rights ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
United Nations System ◽  
Health Organization

This chapter focuses on the contribution of the World Health Organization (WHO) to global ocean governance. It first provides an overview of ‘oceans and human health’ as a new interdisciplinary area of research before discussing the range of benefits to human health provided by the oceans as well as the public health risks associated with the degradation of coastal and ocean water quality due to anthropogenic and natural hazards. It then examines the WHO’s institutional profile and position in the United Nations system, its governing texts and governing bodies, and competence and activity in the field of environmental health. It also considers the important role played by the WHO in global ocean governance, highlighting specific areas of intervention, and its commitment to ocean-related Sustainable Development Goals. Finally, it analyses the potential for a strengthened and more visible role of the WHO in ocean governance.

Erstes Instrument zur standardisierten Erfassung der Teilhabe Behinderter

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (07) ◽  
pp. 526-527
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Menschen Mit Behinderung

Coenen M et al. [Recommendation for the collection and analysis of data on participation and disability from the perspective of the World Health Organization]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2016; 59: 1060–1067 Um eine gleichberechtigte Teilhabe an der Gesellschaft von Menschen mit Behinderung zu ermöglichen, werden zunächst Daten zu vorhandenen Einschränkungen gebraucht. Erst wenn diese detailliert erhoben wurden, können Konzepte zur Beseitigung von Problemen entwickelt werden. Ein standardisiertes Erhebungsinstrument für alle Aspekte der Funktionsfähigkeit fehlte jedoch bisher.

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