Chemometric analysis of integrated FTIR and Raman spectra obtained by non-invasive exfoliative cytology for the screening of oral cancer

The Analyst ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1309-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aritri Ghosh ◽  
Sreyan Raha ◽  
Susmita Dey ◽  
Kabita Chatterjee ◽  
Amit Roy Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Early Detection Of Cancer ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Exfoliative Cytology ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Biological Analytes

FTIR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy of biological analytes are increasingly explored as screening tools for early detection of cancer.

scholarly journals A Noninvasive Accurate Measurement of Blood Glucose Levels with Raman Spectroscopy of Blood in Microvessels

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Li ◽  
Hang Zang ◽  
Huimin Sun ◽  
Xianzhi Jiao ◽  
Kangkang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Multiple Characteristic ◽  
Non Invasive

Raman spectra of human skin obtained by laser excitation have been used to non-invasively detect blood glucose. In previous reports, however, Raman spectra thus obtained were mainly derived from the epidermis and interstitial fluid as a result of the shallow penetration depth of lasers in skin. The physiological process by which glucose in microvessels penetrates into the interstitial fluid introduces a time delay, which inevitably introduces errors in transcutaneous measurements of blood glucose. We focused the laser directly on the microvessels in the superficial layer of the human nailfold, and acquired Raman spectra with multiple characteristic peaks of blood, which indicated that the spectra obtained predominantly originated from blood. Incorporating a multivariate approach combining principal component analysis (PCA) and back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN), we performed noninvasive blood glucose measurements on 12 randomly selected volunteers, respectively. The mean prediction performance of the 12 volunteers was obtained as an RMSEP of 0.45 mmol/L and R2 of 0.95. It was no time lag between the predicted blood glucose and the actual blood glucose in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We also applied the procedure to data from all 12 volunteers regarded as one set, and the total predicted performance was obtained with an RMSEP of 0.27 mmol/L and an R2 of 0.98, which is better than that of the individual model for each volunteer. This suggested that anatomical differences between volunteer fingernails do not reduce the prediction accuracy and 100% of the predicted glucose concentrations fall within Region A and B of the Clarke error grid, allowing acceptable predictions in a clinically relevant range. The Raman spectroscopy detection of blood glucose from microvessels is of great significance of non-invasive blood glucose detection of Raman spectroscopy. This innovative method may also facilitate non-invasive detection of other blood components.

scholarly journals Detection of Age-Related Changes in Tendon Molecular Composition by Raman Spectroscopy—Potential for Rapid, Non-Invasive Assessment of Susceptibility to Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2150
Author(s):  
Nai-Hao Yin ◽  
Anthony W. Parker ◽  
Pavel Matousek ◽  
Helen L. Birch
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon

The lack of clinical detection tools at the molecular level hinders our progression in preventing age-related tendon pathologies. Raman spectroscopy can rapidly and non-invasively detect tissue molecular compositions and has great potential for in vivo applications. In biological tissues, a highly fluorescent background masks the Raman spectral features and is usually removed during data processing, but including this background could help age differentiation since fluorescence level in tendons increases with age. Therefore, we conducted a stepwise analysis of fluorescence and Raman combined spectra for better understanding of the chemical differences between young and old tendons. Spectra were collected from random locations of vacuum-dried young and old equine tendon samples (superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) and deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), total n = 15) under identical instrumental settings. The fluorescence-Raman spectra showed an increase in old tendons as expected. Normalising the fluorescence-Raman spectra further indicated a potential change in intra-tendinous fluorophores as tendon ages. After fluorescence removal, the pure Raman spectra demonstrated between-group differences in CH2 bending (1450 cm−1) and various ring-structure and carbohydrate-associated bands (1000–1100 cm−1), possibly relating to a decline in cellular numbers and an accumulation of advanced glycation end products in old tendons. These results demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy can successfully detect age-related tendon molecular differences.

scholarly journals Non-invasive analysis of stored red blood cells using diffuse resonance Raman spectroscopy

The Analyst ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (24) ◽  
pp. 5950-5958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha Gautam ◽  
Joo-Yeun Oh ◽  
Rakesh P. Patel ◽  
Richard A. Dluhy
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Raman ◽  
Non Invasive

A method to acquire the Raman spectra of sub-surface components using diffusely focused radiation in a microscope sampling configuration is described.

Raman and FTIR Spectroscopy of Synthetic Amphiboles: I. The OH Librational Bands and the Determination of the OH-F Content of Richterites via Raman Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Della Ventura ◽  
Frank C. Hawthorne ◽  
Boriana Mihailova ◽  
Armida Sodo
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Energy Region ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Reliable Estimation ◽  
A Site ◽  
Combination Bands ◽  
Two Peaks

Abstract Unpolarized FTIR and Raman spectra were collected in the regions 4000–4600 cm–1 (NIR) and 100–4000 cm–1 from previously synthesized and characterized amphiboles in the systems richterite–fluoro-richterite, potassic-richterite–potassic-fluoro-richterite, rubidium-richterite–rubidium-fluoro-richterite, and potassic-richterite–deuterated potassic-richterite. The NIR spectra of Na-, K-, and Rb-richterites have peaks at 4325, 4210 cm–1, and 3735–3730 cm–1. All three peaks decrease in intensity with increasing F content, indicating that the higher-energy peaks are combination bands involving the principal OH-stretch at 3735–3730 cm–1 and two OH-libration modes, the frequencies of which can be calculated from the relation ωcombination ≈ ωOH + ωlibration; these are 590 and 475 cm–1, respectively. The FTIR spectra of the richterite–fluoro-richterite and potassic-richterite–potassic-fluoro-richterite series show decreasing intensity and eventual disappearance of the band at ∼600 cm–1 with increasing F in accord with the assignment of this band as due to OH-libration. Raman spectra of the potassic-richterite–deuterated potassic-richterite amphiboles in the low-energy region show the disappearance of two peaks at 585 and 473 cm–1 that we have assigned to OH-libration modes. Collectively, these spectroscopic results indicate that there are two OH-libration modes at ∼590 and ∼475 cm–1 in these synthetic richterites and, by implication, in all monoclinic OH-bearing amphiboles with filled A sites. Similarly to FTIR, the relative intensities of the stretching modes associated with OH-A-OH and OH-A-F local configurations in the Raman spectra provide a reliable estimation of the F content in these A site-filled amphiboles.

scholarly journals Liquid Biopsies in Lung Cancer: Four Emerging Technologies and Potential Clinical Applications

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimple Chudasama ◽  
Periklis Katopodis ◽  
Nick Stone ◽  
Jennifer Haskell ◽  
Hannah Sheridan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Non Invasive

Background: Liquid biopsies offer a promising alternative to tissue samples, providing non-invasive diagnostic approaches or serial monitoring of disease evolution. However, certain challenges remain, and the full potential of liquid biopsies has yet to be reached. Here we report several methodological approaches to interrogate liquid biopsies using circulating tumour cell (CTC) enumeration and characterisation, transcriptomics, Raman spectroscopy, and copy number instability (CNI) scores using blood samples of lung cancer (LC) patients. Methods: We choose LC; since it still is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and therefore there is a need for development of new non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic technologies. Changes in gene expression were assessed using RNA-seq, and in CTCs using ImageStream, an imaging flow-cytometer. CNI scores, from paired tissue/ctDNA were also explored. Raman spectroscopy was used to provide chemical fingerprints of plasma samples. Results: CTCs were detected in all LC patients (n = 10). We observed a significant increase in CTC levels in LC patients (n = 10) compared to controls (n = 21). A similar CNI was noted in the tissue and plasma of 2 patients, where higher CNI scores corresponded with poorer outcome. Significant changes in Raman spectra (carotenoid concentrations) were noted in LC patients (n = 20) compared to controls (n = 10). RNA-seq revealed differential expression of 21 genes between LC cases and controls in both LC tissue and blood samples. Conclusions: Liquid biopsies can potentially provide a more comprehensive picture of the disease compared to a single tissue biopsy. CTC enumeration is feasible and sensitive for LC patients. Molecular profiling of CTCs is also possible from total blood. CNI scores and Raman spectra require further investigation. Further work is being undertaken to explore these methods of detection in a larger LC cohort.

scholarly journals Novel Quantitative Analysis Using Optical Imaging (VELscope) and Spectroscopy (Raman) Techniques for Oral Cancer Detection

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3364
Author(s):  
Ming-Jer Jeng ◽  
Mukta Sharma ◽  
Lokesh Sharma ◽  
Shiang-Fu Huang ◽  
Liann-Be Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Techniques ◽  
Linear Discriminant

In this study, we developed a novel quantitative analysis method to enhance the detection capability for oral cancer screening. We combined two different optical techniques, a light-based detection technique (visually enhanced lesion scope) and a vibrational spectroscopic technique (Raman spectroscopy). Materials and methods: Thirty-five oral cancer patients who went through surgery were enrolled. Thirty-five cancer lesions and thirty-five control samples with normal oral mucosa (adjacent to the cancer lesion) were analyzed. Thirty-five autofluorescence images and 70 Raman spectra were taken from 35 cancer and 35 control group cryopreserved samples. The normalized intensity and heterogeneity of the 70 regions of interest (ROIs) were calculated along with 70 averaged Raman spectra. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) were used with principal component analysis (PCA) to differentiate the cancer and control groups (normal). The classifications rates were validated using two different validation methods, leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) and k-fold cross-validation. Results: The cryopreserved normal and tumor tissues were differentiated using the PCA–LDA and PCA–QDA models. The PCA–LDA of Raman spectroscopy (RS) had 82.9% accuracy, 80% sensitivity, and 85.7% specificity, while ROIs on the autofluorescence images were differentiated with 90% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 80% specificity. The combination of two optical techniques differentiated cancer and normal group with 97.14% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 94.3% specificity. Conclusion: In this study, we combined the data of two different optical techniques. Furthermore, PCA–LDA and PCA–QDA quantitative analysis models were used to differentiate tumor and normal groups, creating a complementary pathway for efficient tumor diagnosis. The error rates of RS and VELcope analysis were 17.10% and 10%, respectively, which was reduced to 3% when the two optical techniques were combined.

APPLICATIONS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES IN THE EARLY DETECTION OF CANCER

2007 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 19-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIANG WEI KHO ◽  
JAMES CHEN YONG KAH ◽  
CAROLINE GUAT LENG LEE ◽  
COLLIN JAMES RICHARD SHEPPARD ◽  
ZE XIANG SHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Detection Of Cancer ◽  
Confocal Reflectance Microscopy ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽  
Reflectance Microscopy

Worldwide, oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer for both sexes. In Singapore, the 5-year survival rate of oral cancer is about 50%. The high mortality rate has been attributed to the difficulties in detecting the disease in an early treatable stage. Here, we present two application examples of gold nanoparticles in the early detection of oral cancer. In the first, gold nanoparticles were used as a reflective contrast agent for performing molecular imaging under confocal reflectance microscopy for the early diagnosis of epithelial carcinoma. While in the second, closely-packed gold nanoparticle, films were used as a bio-sensing surface for the chemical analysis of saliva via Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering. Preliminary results will be discussed.

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