Giant liposome formation toward the synthesis of well-defined artificial cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (30) ◽  
pp. 5911-5923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koki Kamiya ◽  
Shoji Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Cells ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Giant Liposome

This review focuses on microfluidic technologies for giant liposome formations which emulate environments of biological cells.

scholarly journals Construction of Artificial Cells(1) : Growth of Protein Microcrystals in a Giant liposome

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (supplement) ◽  
pp. S134
Author(s):  
Y Yamashita ◽  
M Oka ◽  
T Tanaka ◽  
M Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Giant Liposome

Computer Morphogenesis in Self-Organizing Structures

2011 ◽  
pp. 377-382
Author(s):  
Enrique Fernández-Blanco ◽  
Julián Dorado de la Calle
Keyword(s):  
Biological Cells ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Neuron Models ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Artificial Neuron ◽  
General Plan ◽  
New Models ◽  
Biological Concepts ◽  
Global Collapse ◽  
Unique Cell

Applying biological concepts to create new models in the computational field is not a revolutionary idea: science has already been the basis for the famous artificial neuron models, the genetic algorithms, etc. The cells of a biological organism are able to compose very complex structures from a unique cell, the zygote, with no need for centralized control (Watson J.D. & Crick F. H. 1953). The cells can perform such process thanks to the existence of a general plan, encoded in the DNA for the development and functioning of the system. Another interesting characteristic of natural cells is that they form systems that are tolerant to partial failures: small errors do not induce a global collapse of the system. Finally, the tissues that are composed by biological cells present parallel information processing for the coordination of tissue functioning in each and every cell that composes this tissue. All the above characteristics are very interesting from a computational viewpoint. This paper presents the development of a model that tries to emulate the biological cells and to take advantage of some of their characteristics by trying to adapt them to artificial cells. The model is based on a set of techniques known as Artificial Embryology (Stanley K. & Miikkulainen R. 2003) or Embryology Computation (Kumar S. & Bentley P.J 2003).

scholarly journals Building a synthetic mechanosensitive signaling pathway in compartmentalized artificial cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (34) ◽  
pp. 16711-16716 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Hindley ◽  
Daniela G. Zheleva ◽  
Yuval Elani ◽  
Kalypso Charalambous ◽  
Laura M. C. Barter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Signaling Networks ◽  
Biological Cells ◽  
Cell Models ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Design And Testing ◽  
External Calcium

To date, reconstitution of one of the fundamental methods of cell communication, the signaling pathway, has been unaddressed in the bottom-up construction of artificial cells (ACs). Such developments are needed to increase the functionality and biomimicry of ACs, accelerating their translation and application in biotechnology. Here, we report the construction of a de novo synthetic signaling pathway in microscale nested vesicles. Vesicle-cell models respond to external calcium signals through activation of an intracellular interaction between phospholipase A2 and a mechanosensitive channel present in the internal membranes, triggering content mixing between compartments and controlling cell fluorescence. Emulsion-based approaches to AC construction are therefore shown to be ideal for the quick design and testing of new signaling networks and can readily include synthetic molecules difficult to introduce to biological cells. This work represents a foundation for the engineering of multicompartment-spanning designer pathways that can be utilized to control downstream events inside an AC, leading to the assembly of micromachines capable of sensing and responding to changes in their local environment.

Artificial cells containing sustainable energy conversion engines

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwanwoo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Energy Transduction ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Energy Conversion Process ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Living cells naturally maintain a variety of metabolic reactions via energy conversion mechanisms that are coupled to proton transfer across cell membranes, thereby producing energy-rich compounds. Until now, researchers have been unable to maintain continuous biochemical reactions in artificially engineered cells, mainly due to the lack of mechanisms that generate energy-rich resources, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). If these metabolic activities in artificial cells are to be sustained, reliable energy transduction strategies must be realized. In this perspective, this article discusses the development of an artificially engineered cell containing a sustainable energy conversion process.

Open-ended MEMS Probes for Dielectric Spectroscopy of Biological Cells at Radio Frequencies

PIERS Online ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Hung Li ◽  
Jen-Yu Jao ◽  
Ming-Kun Chen ◽  
Ling-Sheng Jang ◽  
Yi-Chu Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Biological Cells ◽  
Radio Frequencies

scholarly journals An Algorithm for the Removal of Cosmic Ray Artifacts in Spectral Data Sets

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 893-901
Author(s):  
Sinead J. Barton ◽  
Bryan M. Hennelly
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Biological Cells ◽  
Statistical Classification ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Artefact Removal ◽  
Single Capture ◽  
Acquisition Method

Cosmic ray artifacts may be present in all photo-electric readout systems. In spectroscopy, they present as random unidirectional sharp spikes that distort spectra and may have an affect on post-processing, possibly affecting the results of multivariate statistical classification. A number of methods have previously been proposed to remove cosmic ray artifacts from spectra but the goal of removing the artifacts while making no other change to the underlying spectrum is challenging. One of the most successful and commonly applied methods for the removal of comic ray artifacts involves the capture of two sequential spectra that are compared in order to identify spikes. The disadvantage of this approach is that at least two recordings are necessary, which may be problematic for dynamically changing spectra, and which can reduce the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio when compared with a single recording of equivalent duration due to the inclusion of two instances of read noise. In this paper, a cosmic ray artefact removal algorithm is proposed that works in a similar way to the double acquisition method but requires only a single capture, so long as a data set of similar spectra is available. The method employs normalized covariance in order to identify a similar spectrum in the data set, from which a direct comparison reveals the presence of cosmic ray artifacts, which are then replaced with the corresponding values from the matching spectrum. The advantage of the proposed method over the double acquisition method is investigated in the context of the S/N ratio and is applied to various data sets of Raman spectra recorded from biological cells.

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