Packaging cordycepin phycocyanin micelles for the inhibition of brain cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (30) ◽  
pp. 6016-6026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyang Zhao ◽  
Liyi Chen ◽  
Wuya Chen ◽  
Zhan Meng ◽  
Kaikai Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
The Brain

A novel small size and electroneutral Phy–Dex–Cord micelles was successfully developed, which can be delivered to tumor cells and inhibit the brain tumor.

Brain tumor diagnosis based on discrete wavelet transform, gray-level co-occurrence matrix, and optimal deep belief network

SIMULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 867-879
Author(s):  
Li Xu ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
Nasser Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Deep Belief Network ◽  
Tumor Segmentation ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Gray Level ◽  
Belief Network ◽  
Occurrence Matrix ◽  
The Brain

Brain tumors are a group of cancers that originate from different cells of the central nervous system or cancers of other tissues in the brain. Excessive cell growth in the brain is called a tumor. Tumor cells need food and blood to survive. Growth and proliferation of tumor cells in the cranial space, cause strain inside the brain and thus disrupt vital human structures. Therefore, diagnosis in the early stages of brain tumors is crucial. This study introduces a new optimized method for early diagnosis of the brain tumor. The method has five main parts of noise reduction, tumor segmentation, morphology, feature extraction based on wavelet and gray-level co-occurrence matrix, and classification based on an optimized deep belief network. For optimizing the classifier network, an enhanced version of the moth search algorithm is utilized. Simulation results are applied to three different datasets, FLAIR, T1, and T2, and the accuracy results of the presented method are compared with two other metaheuristics, particle swarm optimization and Bat algorithms. The final results showed that the presented technique has good achievements toward the compared methods.

Brain Cancer Spreads

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (247) ◽  
pp. 247fs28-247fs28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Perryman ◽  
Janine T. Erler
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
The Brain

The discovery that ~20% of patients with brain cancer have circulating tumor cells breaks the dogma that these cells are confined to the brain and has important clinical implications (Müller et al., this issue).

T11TS/S-LFA3 induces apoptosis of the brain tumor cells: a new approach to characterise the apoptosis associated genetic changes by arbitrarily primed-PCR

2005 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joydeep Mukherjee ◽  
Anirban Ghosh ◽  
Susobhan Sarkar ◽  
Malabika Mazumdar ◽  
Pallab Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Brain Tumor Cells ◽  
Arbitrarily Primed Pcr ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals An Improved Segmentation and Classifier Approach Based on HMM for Brain Cancer Detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Sharma ◽  
Munish Rattan
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Markov Model ◽  
Hidden Markov Model ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
Dust Detection ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Brain tumors are fatal diseases that are spread worldwide and affect all types of age groups. Due to its direct impact on the central nervous system, if tumor cells prevail at certain locations in the brain, the overall functionality of the body is disturbed and chances of a person approaching death are high. Tumors can be cancerous or non-cancerous but in many cases, the chances of complete recovery are less and as a result death rate has increased all over the world despite recent advancements in technology, equipment and awareness. So the main concern is to detect brain related diseases at early stages so that they do not spread into vital parts of brain and disrupt body functions. Also, more precise and accurate technologies are required to serve as aid in the diagnosis, treatment and surgery of brain. Aims & Objectives: Therefore, its high alarming time to monitor mortality statistics and develop faster and accurate methods to curb the situation by simulating tissue deformation and locating cancerous nodes which is currently the prominent area of interest. Methods: A brain tumor is used to design the deformation model. Early stage detection of tumors is difficult from images. Moreover, the accuracy involved is low. Keeping all this into consideration, a machine learning approach has been developed for classification of cancerous and non-cancerous tissues so that the tissues having risk of future problem can also be recognized. The patient’s deformation model can be designed and brain tumor patterns are given as input on the basis of which tumor in the brain is marked. The proposed method of segmentation is based on a statistical model called Hidden Markov Model (HMM) which extricates the cancerous portion out of fed input MRI image along with the calculation of parameters such as Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE), fault rate dust detection and accuracy. Results &Discussion: The results obtained from parametric analysis show that HMM has performed better than the technique of Support Vector Regression (SVR) for brain cancer segmentation in terms of PSNR, MSE, fault rate dust detection and accuracy. So image processing is used in combination with Hidden Markov Model for classification and analysis to which MRI images are fed as input. Conclusion: In this way, integration of artificial intelligence techniques with image processing can serve as a good way for segmentation of tumors and for classification purposes with good accuracy.

scholarly journals The SOX2-Interactome in Brain Cancer Cells Identifies the Requirement of MSI2 and USP9X for the Growth of Brain Tumor Cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e62857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse L. Cox ◽  
Phillip J. Wilder ◽  
Joshua M. Gilmore ◽  
Erin L. Wuebben ◽  
Michael P. Washburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Brain Tumor Cells

Lipid Based Nanoparticles: Current Strategies for Brain Tumor Targeting

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibhash C. Mohanta ◽  
Narahari N. Palei ◽  
Vijayaraj Surendran ◽  
Subas C. Dinda ◽  
Jayaraman Rajangam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Imaging Agent ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Tissue Cells ◽  
The Brain

Brain tumors arise from an uncontrolled proliferation of neural tissue cells or supportive glial tissue cells within the brain. The diagnosis and therapy of brain tumor is an extremely challenging task. Moreover, absence of early stage symptoms and consequently delays in diagnosis and therapy worsen its severity. Though in the present days, chemotherapeutic approach is the most common therapeutic approach; still it is linked with several precincts. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the main hurdle in delivering most of the chemotherapeutic agents as well as imaging agent that leads to insufficient accumulation of therapeutic / imaging agents at tumor site, and prevents adequate destruction of malignant cells. Recently, lipid based nanoparticles are gaining much more interest and are preferred over polymeric nanoparticles owing to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, excellent tumortargeting ability and ease of surface modification. Certain receptors are over expressed in brain tumor cells which confer an opportunity to the researchers for delivering the chemotherapeutic as well as imaging agent particularly to the tumor cells through the surface modification approach of nanoparticles. Ligands like proteins/peptides, carbohydrates, aptamers, antibodies, and antibody fragments are generally conjugated to the surface of the nanoparticles that bind specifically to an over expressed target on the brain tumor cell surface. In the present review, we discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic application of various types of lipid based nanoparticles such as liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carrier, lipid nanocapsule, and lipid polymer hybrid nanocarriers along with their various surface modified forms for targeting brain tumor.

scholarly journals IMMU-22. EARLY RELEASE OF TYPE I INTERFERON DRIVES BRAIN CANCER IMMUNOGENICITY AND RESPONSE TO IMMUNOTHERAPY

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii109-ii109
Author(s):  
Brandon Wummer ◽  
Sadeem Qdaisat ◽  
Adam Grippin ◽  
Aida Karachi ◽  
Frances Weidert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Type I Interferon ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tumor Models ◽  
Early Release ◽  
M1 Macrophage ◽  
The Brain

Abstract BACKGROUND Molecular drivers of cancer immunogenicity in brain tumors are still being unraveled. While BATF3 expression, STING, and interferon response factors (IRFs) are necessary for cancer immunogenicity, the presence of type I interferon (IFN-I) is contextual having been reported to elicit both anti-tumoral and pro-tumoral effects. A better understanding of IFN-I signaling mechanisms is necessary to elucidate drivers of brain cancer immunogenicity and resistance. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the role of IFN-I signaling in brain tumor immunogenicity and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in ICI sensitive brain tumor models (i.e. GL261). We then sought to develop strategies to reset IFN-I signaling in ICI resistant brain tumor models (i.e. KR158b). METHODS To reset IFN-I signaling in immunologically ‘cold’ tumors unresponsive to ICIs, we developed lipid-nanoparticles (NPs) to deliver mRNA payloads to the brain tumor microenvironment (TME). RESULTS In immune-sensitive GL261 tumors, we showed that early release of IFN-I unlocks cancer immunogenicity and ICI response. Blockade of IFN-I during tumorigenesis (within 24h, but not days later) increases tumorigenicity and abrogates ICI activity in sensitive tumors. In ICI resistant KR158b tumors, we show that systemic administration of tumor-derived RNA-NPs localize to myeloid cells within the TME for simultaneous activation of multiple innate pathways including BATF3 (necessary for effector DCs), IRF5 (necessary for M2 to M1 macrophage reprograming), and IRF7 (necessary for IFN-I production). These RNA-NPs induce near-immediate release of IFN-I (within hours), reprogram the brain TME in an IFNAR1 (IFN-I receptor) dependent manner, and elicit significant anti-KR158b efficacy as a monotherapy. Following IFNAR1 blockade, RNA-NP mediated anti-tumor efficacy was abrogated. We demonstrated safety of tumor-specific RNA-NPs (derived from KR158b) in acute/chronic GLP toxicity studies without normal-brain cross-reactivity, and confirmed feasibility/safety and immunologic activity in large-animal studies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We have since received FDA-IND approval for first-in-human trials (IND#BB-19304) in glioblastoma patients.

Membranous alterations in the cytoplasm and nucleus in a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the brain

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 628-629
Author(s):  
C. N. Sun ◽  
C. Araoz ◽  
H. J. White
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Neuroectodermal Tumor ◽  
Annulate Lamellae ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
The Brain

The ultrastructure of a cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumor has been reported previously. In the present case, we will present some unusual previously unreported membranous structures and alterations in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the tumor cells.Specimens were cut into small pieces about 1 mm3 and immediately fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer for two hours, then post-fixed in 1% buffered osmium tetroxide for one hour. After dehydration, tissues were embedded in Epon 812. Thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.In the cytoplasm of the tumor cells, we found paired cisternae (Fig. 1) and annulate lamellae (Fig. 2) noting that the annulate lamellae were sometimes associated with the outer nuclear envelope (Fig. 3). These membranous structures have been reported in other tumor cells. In our case, mitochondrial to nuclear envelope fusions were often noted (Fig. 4). Although this phenomenon was reported in an oncocytoma, their frequency in the present study is quite striking.

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