Redox-mediated conversion of atomically dispersed platinum to sub-nanometer particles

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 9250-9261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslava Lykhach ◽  
Alberto Figueroba ◽  
Tomáš Skála ◽  
Tomáš Duchoň ◽  
Nataliya Tsud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nanometer Particles ◽  
Platinum Species

The concentration of Ce3+ centers in Pt–CeO2 films determines the onset of reduction of atomically dispersed platinum species.

Hydrogen Reduction and Chlorine Oxidation Behaviors of Platinum Species between Graphite Interlayer Spaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1094-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Shirai ◽  
Yusuke Yamazaki ◽  
Kazuki Takahashi ◽  
Hidetaka Nanao
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Reduction ◽  
Platinum Species ◽  
Chlorine Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Behaviors

Development of Hot Rolled Ship Plate with High Strength and High Toughness

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Dong Huo ◽  
Lin Guo ◽  
Jin Song Feng ◽  
Chao Luo ◽  
Jun Qu
Keyword(s):  
Acicular Ferrite ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Polygonal Ferrite ◽  
High Toughness ◽  
Microstructural Constituent ◽  
Lath Width ◽  
Nanometer Particles ◽  
Hot Rolled

A new hot-rolled ship plate with high strength and high toughness is successfully developed through chemical composition design and TMCP process. Experimental methods, such as OM, TEM and X-EDS, were used to study the microstructure and precipitates of steel. The primary microstructural constituent is acicular ferrite, quasi-polygonal ferrite with second constituents along grain boundaries. Lath width of acicular ferrite is about 1μm. Cubic particles about several hundreds nanometers and nanometer particles exist in experimental steel. It can be concluded that acicular ferrite is the main reason for high strength and super toughness. precipitation hardening due to dispersed precipitations of carbonitrides can not be overlooked.

The Effect of CaCO3 and TiO2 Nanometer Particles on A549 and L929 Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 192-195 ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Yun Feng ◽  
Shi Pu Li ◽  
Yu Hua Yan ◽  
Cui Shou Liu
Keyword(s):  
Nanometer Particles

scholarly journals Application of the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA) to inorganic compounds: a case study of platinum species

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 802-814
Author(s):  
Jocelyn D. C. Hemming ◽  
Mark Hosford ◽  
Martin M. Shafer
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Adverse Outcome Pathway ◽  
Platinum Compounds ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Work Supports ◽  
Platinum Species

Abstract The in chemico Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) was developed as a non-animal, relatively high throughput, screening tool for skin sensitization potential. Although the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) for respiratory sensitization remains to be fully elucidated, it is recognized that the molecular initiation event for both skin and respiratory sensitization to low molecular weight chemicals involves haptenation with proteins. The DPRA examines the reactivity of a test compound to two model peptides (containing either cysteine or lysine) and consequently is able to screen for both skin and respiratory sensitization potential. The DPRA was primarily developed for and validated with organic compounds and assessment of the applicability of the assay to metal compounds has received only limited attention. This paper reports the successful application of the DPRA to a series of platinum compounds, including hexachloroplatinate and tetrachloroplatinate salts, which are some of the most potent chemical respiratory sensitizers known. Eleven platinum compounds were evaluated using the DPRA protocol as detailed by Lalko et al., with only minor modification. Two palladium compounds with structures similar to that of the platinum species studied and cobalt chloride were additionally tested for comparison. The hexachloroplatinate and tetrachloroplatinate salts showed exceptionally high reactivity with the cysteine peptide (EC15 values of 1.4 and 14 μM, respectively). However, for platinum compounds (e.g. hydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate and tetraammineplatinum) where clinical and epidemiological evidence indicates limited sensitization potential, the cysteine DPRA showed only minor or no reactivity (EC15 values of 24 600 and >30 000 μM, respectively). The outcomes of the lysine peptide assays were less robust and where EC15 was measurable, values were substantially higher than the corresponding results from the cysteine assay. This work supports the value of in chemico peptide reactivity as a metric for assessment of platinum sensitization potential and therefore in screening of new platinum compounds for low or absent sensitization potential. Additional studies are required to determine whether the DPRA may be successfully applied to other metals. We provide details on method modifications and precautions important to the success of the DPRA in the assessment of metal reactivity.

Microstructure of Agglomerates of Nanometer Particles

1995 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred P. Weber ◽  
James D. Thorne ◽  
Sheldon K. Friedlander
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Coordination Number ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Nanometer Particles ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThe microstructure of an agglomerate can be characterized by the coordination number. The relationship between the fractal dimension and the coordination number of agglomerates of nanometer particles was investigated in experiments and computer simulations. The results for silver agglomerates formed by laser ablation agreed well with the simulations. The coordination number is low for low density fractals because of the large fraction of surface particles which have fewer bonds. The sensitivity of the coordination number to the fractal dimension increases with increasing fractal dimension.

Pharmacokinetics of free and total platinum species after rapid and prolonged infusions of cisplatin

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan B Vermorken ◽  
Wim J F Van Der Vijgh ◽  
Ina Klein, Helen E Gall ◽  
Cees J Van Groeningen ◽  
Guus A M Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Platinum ◽  
Platinum Species

Platinum Toxicity and Gene Expression in Xenopus Embryos: Analysis by FETAX and Differential Display

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Monetti ◽  
Giovanni Bernardini ◽  
Davide Vigetti ◽  
Mariangela Prati ◽  
Salvador Fortaner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Display ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 70 ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Type I ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Display Technique ◽  
Platinum Species

Since the level of platinum in the environment is destined to increase, because of its use in vehicle catalytic converters, the toxicity of platinum needs further investigation. In this study, the frog embryo teratogenesis assay– Xenopus (FETAX) was used to compare the embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of two common platinum species, (NH4)2PtCl4 and (NH4)2PtCl6. The uptake rates of the two platinum species were studied, and also their effects on the expression of genes encoding metallothionein and heat-shock protein 70, which are known to be induced by several stress factors. In addition, the differential display technique was used to search for genes that were specifically induced by platinum. A gene for the type I collagen α-chain and a novel gene were identified.

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