Amphiphilic SiO2 hybrid aerogel: an effective absorbent for emulsified wastewater

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (25) ◽  
pp. 12856-12862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Dong Gao ◽  
Yu-Di Huang ◽  
Tong-Tong Zhang ◽  
Yong-Qing Wu ◽  
Xiao-Min Li
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Hybrid Aerogel

Amphiphilic SiO2–chitosan hybrid aerogel demonstrates rapid and high-efficiency absorption of a high-concentration polyacrylic emulsion or machining emulsified wastewater.

scholarly journals Near quantitative synthesis of urea macrocycles enabled by bulky N-substituent

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingfeng Yang ◽  
Hanze Ying ◽  
Zhixia Li ◽  
Jiang Wang ◽  
Yingying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Kinetic Control ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Weak Association ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
Thermodynamic Stabilization ◽  
Discrete Structures ◽  
Very High

AbstractMacrocycles are unique molecular structures extensively used in the design of catalysts, therapeutics and supramolecular assemblies. Among all reactions reported to date, systems that can produce macrocycles in high yield under high reaction concentrations are rare. Here we report the use of dynamic hindered urea bond (HUB) for the construction of urea macrocycles with very high efficiency. Mixing of equal molar diisocyanate and hindered diamine leads to formation of macrocycles with discrete structures in nearly quantitative yields under high concentration of reactants. The bulky N-tert-butyl plays key roles to facilitate the formation of macrocycles, providing not only the kinetic control due to the formation of the cyclization-promoting cis C = O/tert-butyl conformation, but also possibly the thermodynamic stabilization of macrocycles with weak association interactions. The bulky N-tert-butyl can be readily removed by acid to eliminate the dynamicity of HUB and stabilize the macrocycle structures.

Solar Thermophotovoltaic Converters Based on Tungsten Emitters

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Andreev ◽  
A. S. Vlasov ◽  
V. P. Khvostikov ◽  
O. A. Khvostikova ◽  
P. Y. Gazaryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Spectrum ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fresnel Lens ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Back Side ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Emitter System ◽  
Solar Powered

Results of a solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) system study are reported. Modeling of the STPV module performance and the analysis of various parameters influencing the system are presented. The ways for the STPV system efficiency to increase and their magnitude are considered such as: improvement of the emitter radiation selectivity and application of selective filters for better matching the emitter radiation spectrum and cell photoresponse; application of the cells with a back side reflector for recycling the sub-band gap photons; and development of low-band gap tandem TPV cells for better utilization of the radiation spectrum. Sunlight concentrator and STPV modules were designed, fabricated, and tested under indoor and outdoor conditions. A cost-effective sunlight concentrator with Fresnel lens was developed as a primary concentrator and a secondary quartz meniscus lens ensured the high concentration ratio of ∼4000×, which is necessary for achieving the high efficiency of the concentrator–emitter system owing to trap escaping radiation. Several types of STPV modules have been developed and tested under concentrated sunlight. Photocurrent density of 4.5A∕cm2 was registered in a photoreceiver based on 1×1cm2GaSb cells under a solar powered tungsten emitter.

scholarly journals The Effect of Operating Conditions on Curcumin Extracted from Turmeric by Hydrothermal Extraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 19001
Author(s):  
Mohamad Endy Yulianto ◽  
Rizka Amalia ◽  
Vita Paramita ◽  
Indah Hartati ◽  
Nissa Ayu Maulinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Hydrothermal Extraction

Turmeric has a bioactive compound namely curcuminoid. It has many pharmacology effects such as anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifertility, anti-venom, anti-coagulant, anti-HIV hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and anticoagulant properties. To increase the economic value of turmeric, it is necessary to develop a hydrothermal extraction process of turmeric’s active compound. The advantages of hydrothermal extraction were inexpensive, abundant availability, high purity, non-toxic, and easy to handle. This research aims to study the effect of operating conditions : temperature (130-150oC), time (10-40 minutes) and solid:liquid ratio (1:10 and 1:12) on the bioactive compounds of turmeric extracted from hydrothermal extraction process. Generally, high extraction yield was obtained at higher extraction temperature (140 and 150oC). Under these conditions, with a lower solid : liquid ratio (1:10), high concentration of curcumin is produced. Further, a higher solid : liquid ratio will likely produce the opposite result, except when it operates at low extraction temperature. The high temperature of the pressurized liquid water can reduce the viscosity and surface tension of water so it will increase the diffusion rates and absorption. The higher the solid:liquid ratio, the greater the different concentration between interior and exterior cell, which promote the high efficiency of diffusion process.

Recent Progress on Adsorption Materials for Phosphate Removal

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Naeem Ashiq ◽  
Dianqing Li ◽  
Pinggui Tang ◽  
Fabrice Leroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Detailed Search ◽  
Double Hydroxides

Background: High concentration of phosphate has been threatening human health and the ecosystem. Adsorption is one of high-efficiency and low-cost techniques to reduce the concentration of phosphate. This mini review aims to summarize the recent development of adsorption materials for phosphate removal. Method: We conducted a detailed search of “adsorption of phosphate” in the published papers and the public patents on the adsorbents for phosphate based on Web of Science database in the period from January 1 2012 to December 31 2017. The corresponding literature was carefully evaluated and analyzed. Results: One hundred and forty one papers and twenty two recent patents were included in this review. An increased trend in scientific contributions was observed in the development of adsorption materials for phosphate removal. Three kinds of promising adsorbents: layered double hydroxides, natural materials, and metal oxides were paid special attention including removal mechanism, performance as well as the relationship between adsorption performance and structure. Both the chemical composition and the morphology play a key role in the removal capacity and rate. Conclusion: The findings of this review confirm the importance of phosphate removal, show the development trend of high-performance and low-cost adsorption materials for phosphate removal, and provide a helpful guide to design and fabricate high-efficiency adsorbents.

Study of Gas Production by Anaerobic Fermentation and Microbial Community Changes by In-Situ Microaerobic Desulphurization

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-523
Author(s):  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Hucheng Liu ◽  
Wei Kou ◽  
Lijie Shao ◽  
Peihan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fermentation System ◽  
The Stability

The enhancement of biogas quality at low cost and high efficiency process was one of the purposes of biogas engineering. In this work, we designed a reactor for microaerobic desulphurization. We used this reactor to study the anaerobic fermentation in systems that used cow manure with total solid (TS) concentrations of 18.5%, 15% and 10%. The influence of anaerobic fermentation on the stability of gas production and the characteristics of the gas produced with different concentrations of fermentation materials was studied. The strain structure of the fermentation system was obtained by high-throughput sequencing and taxonomy was compared. The H2S removal results showed that the average rates of the H2S removal in concentrations of fermentation materials of 18.5%, 15%, and 10% TS were 99.2%, 97.8%, and 78.8%, respectively. 16SrRNA sequencing was performed in different fermented samples as well as a comparison between samples in order to determine the number of unique species (NUS) and the number of common species (NCS). By comparing TS 18.5 with TS 15 and TS 10 samples, it was determined that under fermentation conditions, NUS were 113 and 106, respectively. Whereas NUS were 31 and 41, respectively, when comparing TS 15 and TS 10. These demonstrated that the number of strain species in the fermentation system with TS 18.5% was far more than those found in the systems with low concentration of fermentation. Also, the ability for disturbance resistance of the microaerobic desulphurization system was stronger at high concentration of the fermentation.

High-efficiency pulse-periodic laser utilizing high-concentration neodymium phosphate glass

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 644-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Avanesov ◽  
Yu G Basov ◽  
V M Garmash ◽  
B I Denker ◽  
Nikolai N Il'ichev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Glass ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Concentration

Multistage treatment wetland for treatment of reject waters from digested sludge dewatering

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1223-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gajewska ◽  
H. Obarska-Pempkowiak
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Treatment Wetland ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Colloidal Fraction

The paper presents the influence of sewage composition on treatment in pilot-scale facility for reject waters (RW) from sewage sludge centrifugation. The facility consisted of mechanical (two tanks with 10 d retention each) and biological parts composed of three subsurface flow reed beds working in batch. Two years of monitoring of the facility proved high efficiency removal of predominant pollutants: chemical oxygen demand (COD) 75–80%, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 82.2–95.5% and total nitrogen 78.7–93.9% for low ratio of BOD5/COD in discharged RW. The differences in efficiency removal were correlated with the composition of organics and nitrogen compounds rather than with concentrations. It was assumed that high concentration of colloidal fraction of Org-N and COD in discharged RW led to a decrease in efficiency removal.

scholarly journals The efficacy of European fruit lecanium, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché, 1844) control using natural products

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Michal Skalský ◽  
Jana Niedobová ◽  
Jan Popelka
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Natural Insecticide ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Effective Product

European fruit lecanium, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché, 1844) is among the leading worldwide pests of fruits such as plums, currants, jostaberry, grapevine and many others. This study is focused on testing the effectiveness of natural insecticide treatments compared with conventional insecticides on overwintering nymphs of the European fruit lecanium. In February of 2017, two experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions. The tested products were Boundary SW<sup>®</sup> (plant extract), Konflic<sup>®</sup> (plant extract), Ekol<sup>®</sup> (canola oil) and a tank-mix of Ekol<sup>®</sup> + Reldan 22<sup>®</sup> (canola oil and chlorpyrifos-methyl) as a chemical standard. The most effective product tested was the chemical standard tank-mix of Ekol<sup>®</sup> and Reldan 22<sup>®</sup>, which was 100% effective in all experiments. High efficiency was also achieved with Ekol<sup>®</sup> (canola oil) in high concentrations. We can summarize, that using canola oil in high concentration has almost the same effect as the chemical standard. Using canola oil against European fruit lecanium meets the principles of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and also the need to design cropping systems that are less dependent on synthetic pesticides.

Study of the reactor with down-flow injection on the characteristics of ozonation

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Morioka ◽  
Yasuhiro Kato ◽  
Hiroshi Hoshikawa ◽  
Mitsumasa Okada ◽  
Takeo Moniwa
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Interface Area ◽  
Flow Tube ◽  
Ozone Profile ◽  
Fine Bubble ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Wide Range

The ozone transfer from the gas-phase to the liquid phase in the down-flow tube of the reactor showed high efficiency because of its large value of gas-liquid interface area. The estimated gas-liquid interface area of the down-flow tube was approximately in the range from 60 to 600 (1/m). The ozone transfer efficiency (O.T.E.) of the down-flow tube was increased with the increase in ozone gas concentration. Therefore, it was clear that a high concentration of ozone gas should be applied when a higher ozone dose was needed for ozonation. The estimated dissolved ozone concentration and O.T.E. by a mathematical model which was developed in this investigation showed good agreement with experimentally obtained data. As a result, it was shown that the model was able to describe the ozone absorption in the reactor with down-flow injection (DFI) in the wide range of operational variables. In the case study that was carried out to compare the Cryptosporidium removal of DFI with that of a conventional fine bubble diffusion reactor by numerical simulation, DFI showed a higher performance. This higher performance is contributed to the advantage of DFI which includes the usage of high concentration ozone, greater gas-liquid interface area in the down-flow tube, and the preferable dissolved ozone profile in DFI.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PRE-CLINICAL EVALUATION ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS FOR VETERINARY APPLICATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
N. P. Biryukova ◽  
◽  
T. V. Bakhmutova ◽  
E. V. Lysenko ◽  
V. V. Napalkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Production Solutions ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Models ◽  
Anthelmintic Drugs

Helminthiases of animals represent a serious problem for livestock production, especially for farms with high concentration of livestock, cause to livestock production the significant economic damage determined by death of animals, depression of efficiency, rejection of the organs struck with parasites and deterioration of production. Solutions of problems of a chemotherapy and prophylaxis of helminthiases of animals are assumed by existence of anthelmintic agents which high efficiency and safety is proved according to modern demands. For this purpose a certain order of scientific research at various levels, the most important of which is preclinical assessment of efficiency and safety on the basis of the international standards and ensuring comparable quality of results of researches, has to be carried out. Preclinical studies are conducted, as a rule, on adequate laboratory models of animals that allows to solve a series of important theoretical and practical questions, to tap new effective and safe substances and to offer for approbation in clinical conditions optimum doses and schemes of use of anthelmintic drugs for veterinary use.

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