scholarly journals Microscale mapping of extracellular matrix elasticity of mouse joint cartilage: an approach to extracting bulk elasticity of soft matter with surface roughness

Soft Matter ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 2879-2892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preethi L. Chandran ◽  
Emilios K. Dimitriadis ◽  
Edward L. Mertz ◽  
Ferenc Horkay
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Joint Cartilage ◽  
Matrix Elasticity ◽  
Bulk Elasticity

Novel analysis and experimental methodology for extracting bulk elasticity from cartilage sections and other soft materials with surface roughness.

scholarly journals Downscaled Finite Element Modeling of Metal Targets for Surface Roughness Level under Pulsed Laser Irradiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1253
Author(s):  
Evaggelos Kaselouris ◽  
Kyriaki Kosma ◽  
Yannis Orphanos ◽  
Alexandros Skoulakis ◽  
Ioannis Fitilis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Surface Acoustic Waves ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Multiscale Simulation ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Laser Solid Interactions

A three-dimensional, thermal-structural finite element model, originally developed for the study of laser–solid interactions and the generation and propagation of surface acoustic waves in the macroscopic level, was downscaled for the investigation of the surface roughness influence on pulsed laser–solid interactions. The dimensions of the computational domain were reduced to include the laser-heated area of interest. The initially flat surface was progressively downscaled to model the spatial roughness profile characteristics with increasing geometrical accuracy. Since we focused on the plastic and melting regimes, where structural changes occur in the submicrometer scale, the proposed downscaling approach allowed for their accurate positioning. Additionally, the multiscale simulation results were discussed in relation to experimental findings based on white light interferometry. The combination of this multiscale modeling approach with the experimental methodology presented in this study provides a multilevel scientific tool for an in-depth analysis of the influence of heat parameters on the surface roughness of solid materials and can be further extended to various laser–solid interaction applications.

Cellular modulation by the elasticity of biomaterials

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengxuan Han ◽  
Caihong Zhu ◽  
Qianping Guo ◽  
Huilin Yang ◽  
Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Matrix Elasticity ◽  
Recent Advances

The elasticity of the extracellular matrix has been increasingly recognized as a dominating factor of cell fate and activities. This review provides an overview of the general principles and recent advances in the field of matrix elasticity-dependent regulation of a variety of cellular activities and functions, the underlying biomechanical and molecular mechanisms, as well as the pathophysiological implications.

1. The science of softness

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Tom McLeish
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Visionary Leadership ◽  
Slow Dynamics ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
New Science ◽  
Motion Structure

‘The science of softness’ provides a brief history and overview of soft matter science. The development of soft matter science was propelled by a combination of communication within the scientific community; intrinsic conceptual overlap and commonality; and visionary leadership from a small number of pioneering scientists. Chemistry proved as essential an ingredient to the new science of soft matter as ideas and techniques from physics. The characteristics of soft matter include motion; structure on intermediate length scales; slow dynamics; and universality. Microscopy is the most obvious and direct example of experimental tools applied across the gamut of soft materials.

0433 Reconstruction of bile duct structure in vitro by using extracellular matrix elasticity

2010 ◽  
Vol 2009.22 (0) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Tomoya KOMATSU ◽  
Ryo SUDO ◽  
Toshiihro MITAKA ◽  
Mariok IKEDA ◽  
Kazuo TANISHITA
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Matrix Elasticity

scholarly journals Matrix elasticity regulates the optimal cardiac myocyte shape for contractility

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (11) ◽  
pp. H1525-H1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. McCain ◽  
Hongyan Yuan ◽  
Francesco S. Pasqualini ◽  
Patrick H. Campbell ◽  
Kevin Kit Parker
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Cardiac Myocyte ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Matrix Elasticity ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Cell Shapes

Concentric hypertrophy is characterized by ventricular wall thickening, fibrosis, and decreased myocyte length-to-width aspect ratio. Ventricular thickening is considered compensatory because it reduces wall stress, but the functional consequences of cell shape remodeling in this pathological setting are unknown. We hypothesized that decreases in myocyte aspect ratio allow myocytes to maximize contractility when the extracellular matrix becomes stiffer due to conditions such as fibrosis. To test this, we engineered neonatal rat ventricular myocytes into rectangles mimicking the 2-D profiles of healthy and hypertrophied myocytes on hydrogels with moderate (13 kPa) and high (90 kPa) elastic moduli. Actin alignment was unaffected by matrix elasticity, but sarcomere content was typically higher on stiff gels. Microtubule polymerization was higher on stiff gels, implying increased intracellular elastic modulus. On moderate gels, myocytes with moderate aspect ratios (∼7:1) generated the most peak systolic work compared with other cell shapes. However, on stiffer gels, low aspect ratios (∼2:1) generated the most peak systolic work. To compare the relative contributions of intracellular vs. extracellular elasticity to contractility, we developed an analytical model and used our experimental data to fit unknown parameters. Our model predicted that matrix elasticity dominates over intracellular elasticity, suggesting that the extracellular matrix may potentially be a more effective therapeutic target than microtubules. Our data and model suggest that myocytes with lower aspect ratios have a functional advantage when the elasticity of the extracellular matrix decreases due to conditions such as fibrosis, highlighting the role of the extracellular matrix in cardiac disease.

Emerging themes in soft matter: responsive and active soft materials

Soft Matter ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Balazs ◽  
Julia M. Yeomans
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Emerging Themes

Experimental Design Methodology in Ball End Milling of C45 Material by Using Tool Tilt Angle - Analysis and Estimation of Surface Roughness Variation

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan Pasca ◽  
Mircea Lobonțiu ◽  
Róbert Čep ◽  
Mihai Banica
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Ball End Mill ◽  
Ball End Milling ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Tool Tilt Angle ◽  
Experimental Design Methodology

Due to the expansion of milling process with ball end mill in various branches of industry it became necessary for this process to be optimized. For this purpose it is necessary to identify the parameters that influence the process and establish their value for witch the results obtained to be the maximum in terms of qualitative and quantitative. Roughness of the surface machined can be considered as an important element that reflects the degree of successful optimization of this process. In order to solve the problems relating to the analysis and estimation of the surface roughness variation in ball end milling of C45 material with tool tilt angle, in this paper it was designed an experimental methodology followed by analysis of experimental data and estimation of surface roughness variation. The experimental research methodology presented in this paper can be extrapolated and used in a large number of processes.

scholarly journals A dynamically reprogrammable metasurface with self-evolving shape morphing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Ni ◽  
Yun Bai ◽  
Heling Wang ◽  
Yeguang Xue ◽  
Yuxin Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Shape Morphing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Actuation Scheme

Abstract Dynamic shape-morphing soft materials systems are ubiquitous in living organisms; they are also of rapidly increasing relevance to emerging technologies in soft machines1–4, flexible electronics5–7, and smart medicines8,9. Soft matter equipped with responsive components can switch between designed shapes or structures, but cannot support the types of dynamic morphing capabilities needed to reproduce natural, continuous processes of interest for many applications10–27. Challenges lie in the development of schemes to reprogram target shapes post fabrication, especially when complexities associated with the operating physics and disturbances from the environment can prohibit the use of deterministic theoretical models to guide inverse design and control strategies3,28–32. Here, we present a mechanical metasurface constructed from a matrix of filamentary metal traces, driven by reprogrammable, distributed Lorentz forces that follow from passage of electrical currents in the presence of a static magnetic field. The resulting system demonstrates complex, dynamic morphing capabilities with response times within 0.1 s. Implementing an in-situ stereo-imaging feedback strategy with a digitally controlled actuation scheme guided by an optimization algorithm, yields surfaces that can self-evolve into a wide range of 3-dimensional (3D) target shapes with high precision, including an ability to morph against extrinsic or intrinsic perturbations. These concepts support a data-driven approach to the design of dynamic, soft matter, with many unique characteristics.

Development of Hybrid Composites (Al-SiC-C) Through Stir Casting: Machinability Studies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyanarayana Kosaraju ◽  
Venu Gopal Anne ◽  
Swapnil Gosavi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Graphite Powder ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grey Relational

Composite materials are important engineering materials due to their outstanding mechanical properties. Composite materials offer superior properties to conventional alloys for various applications as they have high stiffness, strength and wear resistance. The high cost and difficulty of processing these composites restricted their application and led to the development of reinforced composites. In the last two decades, wear studies on Particulate Metal Matrix Composites (PMMCs) reinforced with various reinforcements ranging from very soft materials like graphite, talc etc., to high hardened ceramic particulates like SiCp, Al2O3 etc., have been reported to be superior to their respective unreinforced alloys. Therefore, present work focused on the study of machinability of Al based binary composites reinforced with 8.5% SiC and Al based Hybrid composite reinforced with 8.5% SiC, 2% and 4% Graphite powder (Solid lubricant) have been studied by considering the effect of process parameters such as speed, feed, depth of cut and composition of material. Binary and hybrid composite materials have been casted by stir casting methodology. Experiments have been conducted using Design of Experiments approach to reduce the number of experiments and time. The cutting force and surface roughness in turning of both the binary and hybrid materials have been measured using cutting force dynamometer (4 component kistler dynamometer) and the roughness has been measured using surface roughness tester (Marsurf M400) simultaneously. The multi objective optimization has been carried out using Grey relational based Taguchi method. It was observed that feed was the most influencing factor compared to others factors and also results shown that the performance characteristics cutting force and the surface roughness are greatly enhanced by using Grey relational Analysis.

scholarly journals 4D imaging of soft matter in liquid water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Marchello ◽  
Cesare De Pace ◽  
Silvia Acosta-Gutierrez ◽  
Ciro Lopez-Vazquez ◽  
Neil Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Polymer Micelle

Water is a critical component for both function and structure of soft matter and it is what bestows the adjective soft. Imaging samples in liquid state is thus paramount to gathering structural and dynamical information of any soft materials. Herein we propose the use of liquid phase electron microscopy to expand ultrastructural analysis into dynamical investigations. We imaged two soft matter examples: a polymer micelle and a protein in liquid phase using transmission electron microscopy and demonstrate that the inherent Brownian motion associated with the liquid state can be exploited to gather three-dimensional information of the materials in their natural state. We call such an approach brownian tomography (BT). We combine BT with single particle analysis (Brownian particle analysis BPA) to image protein structures with a spatial resolution close that achievable using cryogenic TEM. We show that BPA allows sub-nanometer resolution of soft materials and enables to gather information on conformational changes, hydration dynamics, and the effect of thermal fluctuations.Abstract Figure

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