4D printing of a self-morphing polymer driven by a swellable guest medium

Soft Matter ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jheng-Wun Su ◽  
Xiang Tao ◽  
Heng Deng ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Soft Robotics ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
3D Structures

There is a significant need of advanced materials that can be fabricated into functional devices with defined three-dimensional (3D) structures for application in tissue engineering, flexible electronics, and soft robotics.

scholarly journals Bioresorbable Polymers: Advanced Materials and 4D Printing for Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Sybele Saska ◽  
Livia Pilatti ◽  
Alberto Blay ◽  
Jamil Awad Shibli
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Bioresorbable Polymers

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a valuable tool in the production of complexes structures with specific shapes for tissue engineering. Differently from native tissues, the printed structures are static and do not transform their shape in response to different environment changes. Stimuli-responsive biocompatible materials have emerged in the biomedical field due to the ability of responding to other stimuli (physical, chemical, and/or biological), resulting in microstructures modifications. Four-dimensional (4D) printing arises as a new technology that implements dynamic improvements in printed structures using smart materials (stimuli-responsive materials) and/or cells. These dynamic scaffolds enable engineered tissues to undergo morphological changes in a pre-planned way. Stimuli-responsive polymeric hydrogels are the most promising material for 4D bio-fabrication because they produce a biocompatible and bioresorbable 3D shape environment similar to the extracellular matrix and allow deposition of cells on the scaffold surface as well as in the inside. Subsequently, this review presents different bioresorbable advanced polymers and discusses its use in 4D printing for tissue engineering applications.

3D printing of active polymeric materials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jheng-Wun Su
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
3D Structures

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Learning from nature livings, especially those that can respond to the stimuli and change the shape, is attracting increasing interests in a wide variety of research fields. There is a significant need of developing synthetic materials that can mimic these living systems to show dynamic and adaptive shape-changing functions. Although various fabrication methods including molding, micro-fabrication and photolithography have been developed to fabricate the dynamic materials, they all have shown some limits. At present, 3D printing is a promising technique, which provides a cost effective, accurate and customized method to form 3D structures. The recently new emerging technique, 4D printing, which employs the 3D printing to print the active materials for dynamic 3D structures, shows a great potential for various applications such as tissue engineering, flexible electronics, and soft robotics. Despite much recent progress, this technology and its application in 3D dynamic structure fabrication is still in its infancy. My Ph.D. dissertation focuses on 4D printing of programmable polymeric materials that exhibits complex, reversible, shape transformations as well as enriching the printable material library by exploring various active materials for 4D printing technology. Chapter 1 introduces the current development of active materials and methodologies. Much attention is paid to the recent progress and its merits and demerits. Chapter 2 presents a simple and inexpensive 4D printing of waterborne polyurethane paint (PU) composites that are fabricated by mixing PU with micro-size preswollen carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and silicon oxide nanoparticle (NPs), respectively. Chapter 3 presents the 4D printing of a commercial polymer, SU-8, which has yet been reported in this field. The self-morphing behaviors of the printed SU-8 structures are induced by spatial control of swelling medium inside the SU-8 matrix. In Chapter 4, machine learning algorithms are applied to evaluate the shape-morphing behaviors of 4D printed objects. After the model optimization by tuning the hyperparameters the obtained machine learning models enable to accurately predict the final curvatures and curving angles of the 4D printed SU-8 structures from given input geometrical information. This initial success show that these data-driven surrogate models can well circumvent the challenge of human centered trial-and-error process in optimizing the printed structures, thereby pushing the research in 4D printing to a new height.

A Review on Development of Soft Gripper Using 4D Printing

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Singh ◽  
◽  
Ravi Butola ◽  
Jitendra Bhaskar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Soft Robotics ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Silicone Elastomers ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Shape Memory Materials ◽  
End Effectors ◽  
Future Work

Improvements in soft robotics, materials, and flexible gripper technology made it possible for the soft grippers to advance rapidly. A brief analysis of soft robotic grippers featuring various material collections, physical rules, and system architectures is provided here. Soft gripping is divided into three technologies, enabling gripping with: a) actuation, b) material used, and c) Use of 3D printing in fabricating grippers. An informative analysis is provided of every form. Similar to stiff grippers, flexible and elastic end-effectors may also grab or control a broader variety of objects. The inherent versatility of the materials is increasingly being used to study advanced materials and soft structures, particularly silicone elastomers, shape-memory materials, active polymers, and gels, in the development of compact, simple, and more versatile grippers. For future work, enhanced structures, techniques, and senses play a prominent part.

scholarly journals Silicate-Based Electro-Conductive Inks for Printing Soft Electronics and Tissue Engineering

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Sadaf Samimi Gharaie ◽  
Amir Seyfoori ◽  
Bardia Khun Jush ◽  
Xiong Zhou ◽  
Erik Pagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Extrusion Printing

Hydrogel-based bio-inks have been extensively used for developing three-dimensional (3D) printed biomaterials for biomedical applications. However, poor mechanical performance and the inability to conduct electricity limit their application as wearable sensors. In this work, we formulate a novel, 3D printable electro-conductive hydrogel consisting of silicate nanosheets (Laponite), graphene oxide, and alginate. The result generated a stretchable, soft, but durable electro-conductive material suitable for utilization as a novel electro-conductive bio-ink for the extrusion printing of different biomedical platforms, including flexible electronics, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. A series of tensile tests were performed on the material, indicating excellent stability under significant stretching and bending without any conductive or mechanical failures. Rheological characterization revealed that the addition of Laponite enhanced the hydrogel’s mechanical properties, including stiffness, shear-thinning, and stretchability. We also illustrate the reproducibility and flexibility of our fabrication process by extrusion printing various patterns with different fiber diameters. Developing an electro-conductive bio-ink with favorable mechanical and electrical properties offers a new platform for advanced tissue engineering.

Biomimetic synthesis of two different types of renewable cellulosic nanomaterials for scaffolding in tissue engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
Parisa Pooyan ◽  
Luke P. Brewster ◽  
Rina Tannenbaum ◽  
Hamid Garmestani
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomimetic Synthesis ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Cellulose Nanowhiskers ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Propionate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Biomimetic Approach

Abstract As a rapidly growing area in materials design, the biomimetic approach at the frontier between biology and materials science aims to introduce advanced materials with structural diversities and functional versatilities by mimicking remarkable systems available in nature. Inspired by the fascinating nanostructured assembly existing in the cell walls of different plant species, we designed two fully bio-based green nanomaterials reinforced with renewable polysaccharide nanoparticles in the form of cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs). In our initial design, the CNWs were incorporated into a cellulose acetate propionate matrix to form a bionanocomposite film, while in the second design the CNWs were entangled within a network of a collagenous medium to introduce a bionanocomposite hydrogel. Tensile and rheological measurements were carried out to study the system’s deformation as subjected to axial force or oscillatory shear. Biocompatibility was tested via incubation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Careful control of the processing conditions resulted in a three-dimensional rigid CNW network percolating within both biopolymer matrices, giving rise to an excellent performance at only a small fraction of CNWs at 3 wt.%. This study reveals that the fully bio-based green nanomaterials with enhanced mechanical percolation could construct a suitable platform for scaffolding in tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Editorial for the Special Issue on 3D Printing for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Serpooshan ◽  
Murat Guvendiren
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
3D Structures ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting uses additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate 3D structures consisting of heterogenous selections of living cells, biomaterials, and active biomolecules [...]

scholarly journals Three-dimensional mesostructures as high-temperature growth templates, electronic cellular scaffolds, and self-propelled microrobots

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (45) ◽  
pp. E9455-E9464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Yan ◽  
Mengdi Han ◽  
Yan Shi ◽  
Adina Badea ◽  
Yiyuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Open Architecture ◽  
Catalyst Supports ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
3D Structures ◽  
Engineering Constraints

Recent work demonstrates that processes of stress release in prestrained elastomeric substrates can guide the assembly of sophisticated 3D micro/nanostructures in advanced materials. Reported application examples include soft electronic components, tunable electromagnetic and optical devices, vibrational metrology platforms, and other unusual technologies, each enabled by uniquely engineered 3D architectures. A significant disadvantage of these systems is that the elastomeric substrates, while essential to the assembly process, can impose significant engineering constraints in terms of operating temperatures and levels of dimensional stability; they also prevent the realization of 3D structures in freestanding forms. Here, we introduce concepts in interfacial photopolymerization, nonlinear mechanics, and physical transfer that bypass these limitations. The results enable 3D mesostructures in fully or partially freestanding forms, with additional capabilities in integration onto nearly any class of substrate, from planar, hard inorganic materials to textured, soft biological tissues, all via mechanisms quantitatively described by theoretical modeling. Illustrations of these ideas include their use in 3D structures as frameworks for templated growth of organized lamellae from AgCl–KCl eutectics and of atomic layers of WSe2 from vapor-phase precursors, as open-architecture electronic scaffolds for formation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neural networks, and as catalyst supports for propulsive systems in 3D microswimmers with geometrically controlled dynamics. Taken together, these methodologies establish a set of enabling options in 3D micro/nanomanufacturing that lie outside of the scope of existing alternatives.

HYDROXYAPATITE, ALGINATE, AND CHITOSAN FOR BONE SCAFFOLDS: SPECTROSCOPY STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Lalita El Milla
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Powder ◽  
Materials Used

Scaffolds is three dimensional structure that serves as a framework for bone growth. Natural materials are often used in synthesis of bone tissue engineering scaffolds with respect to compliance with the content of the human body. Among the materials used to make scafffold was hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan. Hydroxyapatite powder obtained by mixing phosphoric acid and calcium hydroxide, alginate powders extracted from brown algae and chitosan powder acetylated from crab. The purpose of this study was to examine the functional groups of hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan. The method used in this study was laboratory experimental using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan powders. The results indicated the presence of functional groups PO43-, O-H and CO32- in hydroxyapatite. In alginate there were O-H, C=O, COOH and C-O-C functional groups, whereas in chitosan there were O-H, N-H, C=O, C-N, and C-O-C. It was concluded that the third material containing functional groups as found in humans that correspond to the scaffolds material in bone tissue engineering.

Fabrication of 3D Temperature Sensor Using Magnetostrictive Inkjet Printhead

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 50405-1-50405-5
Author(s):  
Young-Woo Park ◽  
Myounggyu Noh
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Drop On Demand ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Nanoparticle Ink ◽  
Inkjet Printhead

Abstract Recently, the three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has attracted much attention for creating objects of arbitrary shape and manufacturing. For the first time, in this work, we present the fabrication of an inkjet printed low-cost 3D temperature sensor on a 3D-shaped thermoplastic substrate suitable for packaging, flexible electronics, and other printed applications. The design, fabrication, and testing of a 3D printed temperature sensor are presented. The sensor pattern is designed using a computer-aided design program and fabricated by drop-on-demand inkjet printing using a magnetostrictive inkjet printhead at room temperature. The sensor pattern is printed using commercially available conductive silver nanoparticle ink. A moving speed of 90 mm/min is chosen to print the sensor pattern. The inkjet printed temperature sensor is demonstrated, and it is characterized by good electrical properties, exhibiting good sensitivity and linearity. The results indicate that 3D inkjet printing technology may have great potential for applications in sensor fabrication.

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