Current understanding of chemical degradation mechanisms of perfluorosulfonic acid membranes and their mitigation strategies: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zatoń ◽  
J. Rozière ◽  
D. J. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
Perfluorosulfonic Acid ◽  
Membrane Degradation ◽  
Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membranes ◽  
Key Concepts

This article provides a comprehensive perspective of perfluorosulfonic acid fuel cell membrane degradation phenomena, reviews and appraises the effectiveness of key concepts for the mitigation strategies and identifies future research priorities.

Mitigation of PFSA membrane chemical degradation using composite cerium oxide–PFSA nanofibres

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 5390-5401 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zatoń ◽  
J. Rozière ◽  
D. J. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Perfluorosulfonic Acid ◽  
Membrane Degradation ◽  
Modified Surface

A perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer–cerium oxide nanofibre web integrated into an asymmetric composite membrane significantly reduces fuel cell membrane degradation, especially with the modified surface placed at the anode.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Researchers in 2020: A Qualitative Study of Events to Inform Mitigation Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Fox ◽  
Katharina Beyer ◽  
Elke Rammant ◽  
Esme Morcom ◽  
Mieke Van Hemelrijck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
English Language ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Research Activity

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on global health systems and economies. With ongoing and future challenges posed to the field due to the pandemic, re-examining research priorities has emerged as a concern. As part of a wider project aiming to examine research priorities, here we aimed to qualitatively examine the documented impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer researchers.Materials and Methods: We conducted a literature review with the aim of identifying non-peer-reviewed journalistic sources and institutional blog posts which qualitatively documented the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer researchers. We searched on 12th January 2021 using the LexisNexis database and Google, using terms and filters to identify English-language media reports and blogs, containing references to both COVID-19 and cancer research. The targeted search returned 751 results, of which 215 articles met the inclusion criteria. These 215 articles were subjected to a conventional qualitative content analysis, to document the impacts of the pandemic on the field of cancer research.Results: Our analysis yielded a high plurality of qualitatively documented impacts, from which seven categories of direct impacts emerged: (1) COVID measures halting cancer research activity entirely; (2) COVID measures limiting cancer research activity; (3) forced adaptation of research protocols; (4) impacts on cancer diagnosis, cases, and services; (5) availability of resources for cancer research; (6) disruption to the private sector; and (7) disruption to supply chains. Three categories of consequences from these impacts also emerged: (1) potential changes to future research practice; (2) delays to the progression of the field; and (3) potential new areas of research interest.Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic had extensive practical and economic effects on the field of cancer research in 2020 that were highly plural in nature. Appraisal of cancer research strategies in a post-COVID world should acknowledge the potential for substantial limitations (such as on financial resources, limited access to patients for research, decreased patient access to cancer care, staffing issues, administrative delays, or supply chain issues), exacerbated cancer disparities, advances in digital health, and new areas of research related to the intersection of cancer and COVID-19.

Operando μ -Raman study of the actual water content of perfluorosulfonic acid membranes in the fuel cell

2017 ◽  
Vol 356 ◽  
pp. 200-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Peng ◽  
Vasilica Badets ◽  
Patrice Huguet ◽  
Arnaud Morin ◽  
Pascal Schott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Perfluorosulfonic Acid ◽  
Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membranes ◽  
Raman Study

scholarly journals Sensitivity Based Order Reduction of a Chemical Membrane Degradation Model for Low-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5611
Author(s):  
Ambrož Kregar ◽  
Philipp Frühwirt ◽  
Daniel Ritzberger ◽  
Stefan Jakubek ◽  
Tomaž Katrašnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Membrane Degradation ◽  
Radical Species ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The chemical degradation of the perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) ion-exchange membrane as a result of an attack from a radical species, originating as a by-product of the oxygen reduction reaction, represents a significant limiting factor in a wider adoption of low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (LT-PEMFCs). The efficient mathematical modeling of these processes is therefore a crucial step in the further development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Starting with an extensive kinetic modeling framework, describing the whole range of chemical processes leading to the membrane degradation, we use the mathematical method of sensitivity analysis to systematically reduce the number of both chemical species and reactions needed to efficiently and accurately describe the chemical degradation of the membrane. The analysis suggests the elimination of chemical reactions among the radical species, which is supported by the physicochemical consideration of the modeled reactions, while the degradation of Nafion backbone can be significantly simplified by lumping several individual species concentrations. The resulting reduced model features only 12 species coupled by 8 chemical reactions, compared to 19 species coupled by 23 reactions in the original model. The time complexity of the model, analyzed on the basis of its stiffness, however, is not significantly improved in the process. Nevertheless, the significant reduction in the model system size and number of parameters represents an important step in the development of a computationally efficient coupled model of various fuel cell degradation processes. Additionally, the demonstrated application of sensitivity analysis method shows a great potential for further use in the optimization of models of operation and degradation of fuel cell components.

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