scholarly journals A mitochondrial-targeted prodrug for NIR imaging guided and synergetic NIR photodynamic-chemo cancer therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 7689-7695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Wen Liu ◽  
Xiao-Xiao Hu ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Yongchao Liu ◽  
Qiming Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Nir Imaging

Nontoxic prodrugs, especially activated by tumor microenvironment, are urgently required for reducing the side effects of cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Ruthenium-loaded mesoporous silica as tumor microenvironment-response nano-fenton reactors for precise cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Sun ◽  
Zekun Wang ◽  
Pu Zhang ◽  
Chenyang Yin ◽  
Jingyuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Tumor Xenografts

Abstract Background Nano-Fenton reactors as novel strategy to selectively convert hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into active hydroxyl radicals in tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy had attracted much attention. However, side effects and low efficiency remain the main drawbacks for cancer precise therapy. Results Here, ruthenium-loaded palmitoyl ascorbate (PA)-modified mesoporous silica (Ru@SiO2-PA) was successfully fabricated and characterized. The results indicated that Ru@SiO2-PA under pH6.0 environment displayed enhanced growth inhibition against human cancer cells than that of pH7.4, which indicated the super selectivity between cancer cells and normal cells. Ru@SiO2-PA also induced enhanced cancer cells apoptosis, followed by caspase-3 activation and cytochrome-c release. Mechanism investigation revealed that Ru@SiO2-PA caused enhanced generation of superoxide anion, which subsequently triggered DNA damage and dysfunction of MAPKs and PI3K/AKT pathways. Moreover, Ru@SiO2-PA effectively inhibited tumor spheroids and tumor xenografts growth in vivo by induction of apoptosis. The real-time imaging by monitoring Ru fluorescence in vitro and in vivo revealed that Ru@SiO2-PA mainly accumulated in cell nucleus and tumor xenografts. Importantly, Ru@SiO2-PA showed no side effects in vivo, predicting the safety and potential application in clinic. Conclusions Our findings validated the rational design that Ru@SiO2-PA can act as novel tumor microenvironment-response nano-Fenton reactors for cancer precise therapy. Graphic Abstract

Hybrid Compounds & Oxidative Stress Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (13) ◽  
pp. 2118-2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysegul Hanikoglu ◽  
Hakan Ozben ◽  
Ferhat Hanikoglu ◽  
Tomris Ozben
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Hybrid Compounds ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

: Elevated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated by the conventional cancer therapies and the endogenous production of ROS have been observed in various types of cancers. In contrast to the harmful effects of oxidative stress in different pathologies other than cancer, ROS can speed anti-tumorigenic signaling and cause apoptosis of tumor cells via oxidative stress as demonstrated in several studies. The primary actions of antioxidants in cells are to provide a redox balance between reduction-oxidation reactions. Antioxidants in tumor cells can scavenge excess ROS, causing resistance to ROS induced apoptosis. Various chemotherapeutic drugs, in their clinical use, have evoked drug resistance and serious side effects. Consequently, drugs having single-targets are not able to provide an effective cancer therapy. Recently, developed hybrid anticancer drugs promise great therapeutic advantages due to their capacity to overcome the limitations encountered with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Hybrid compounds have advantages in comparison to the single cancer drugs which have usually low solubility, adverse side effects, and drug resistance. This review addresses two important treatments strategies in cancer therapy: oxidative stress induced apoptosis and hybrid anticancer drugs.

Nanoparticle-based Drug Delivery Systems for Targeted Epigenetics Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1084-1098
Author(s):  
Fengqian Chen ◽  
Yunzhen Shi ◽  
Jinming Zhang ◽  
Qi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Epigenetic Therapy ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
High Therapeutic Index

This review summarizes the epigenetic mechanisms of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modifications in cancer and the epigenetic modifications in cancer therapy. Due to their undesired side effects, the use of epigenetic drugs as chemo-drugs in cancer therapies is limited. The drug delivery system opens a door for minimizing these side effects and achieving greater therapeutic benefits. The limitations of current epigenetic therapies in clinical cancer treatment and the advantages of using drug delivery systems for epigenetic agents are also discussed. Combining drug delivery systems with epigenetic therapy is a promising approach to reaching a high therapeutic index and minimizing the side effects.

scholarly journals Targeting the Ubiquitin Signaling Cascade in Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 791
Author(s):  
Qi Liu ◽  
Bayonle Aminu ◽  
Olivia Roscow ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
E3 Ligases ◽  
Tumor Microenvironments ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzymes ◽  
Cellular Components

Tumor microenvironments are composed of a myriad of elements, both cellular (immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) and non-cellular (extracellular matrix, cytokines, growth factors, etc.), which collectively provide a permissive environment enabling tumor progression. In this review, we focused on the regulation of tumor microenvironment through ubiquitination. Ubiquitination is a reversible protein post-translational modification that regulates various key biological processes, whereby ubiquitin is attached to substrates through a catalytic cascade coordinated by multiple enzymes, including E1 ubiquitin-activating enzymes, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and E3 ubiquitin ligases. In contrast, ubiquitin can be removed by deubiquitinases in the process of deubiquitination. Here, we discuss the roles of E3 ligases and deubiquitinases as modulators of both cellular and non-cellular components in tumor microenvironment, providing potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Finally, we introduced several emerging technologies that can be utilized to develop effective therapeutic agents for targeting tumor microenvironment.

Targeting HDL in tumor microenvironment: New hope for cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan‐Jun Zhao ◽  
Neng Zhu ◽  
Ya‐Ning Shi ◽  
Yu‐Xiang Wang ◽  
Chan‐Juan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Therapy

Antioxidant Nanomedicine Significantly Enhances the Survival Benefit of Radiation Cancer Therapy by Mitigating Oxidative Stress‐Induced Side Effects

Small ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2008210
Author(s):  
Ahram Kim ◽  
Chiaki Yonemoto ◽  
Chitho P. Feliciano ◽  
Babita Shashni ◽  
Yukio Nagasaki
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Survival Benefit
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