From bench scale to kilolab production of renewable ferulic acid-based bisphenols: optimisation and evaluation of different purification approaches towards technical feasibility and process environmental sustainability

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. S. Teixeira ◽  
G. Willig ◽  
J. Couvreur ◽  
A. L. Flourat ◽  
A. A. M. Peru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Bench Scale

Scaling-up a process is not always trivial. Technical synthetic feasibility, yield and environmental impact must be assessed.

scholarly journals Improving the Sustainability of Dairy Slurry by A Commercial Additive Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Borgonovo ◽  
Cecilia Conti ◽  
Daniela Lovarelli ◽  
Valentina Ferrante ◽  
Marcella Guarino
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Cattle Slurry ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Environmental Impact Categories ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from livestock farms contribute to negative environmental impacts such as acidification and climate change. A significant part of these emissions is produced from the decomposition of slurry in livestock facilities, during storage and treatment phases. This research aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the additive “SOP LAGOON” (made of agricultural gypsum processed with proprietary technology) on (i) NH3 and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, (ii) slurry properties and N loss. Moreover, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method was applied to assess the potential environmental impact associated with stored slurry treated with the additive. Six barrels were filled with 65 L of cattle slurry, of which three were used as a control while the additive was used in the other three. The results indicated that the use of the additive led to a reduction of total nitrogen, nitrates, and GHG emissions. LCA confirmed the higher environmental sustainability of the scenario with the additive for some environmental impact categories among which climate change. In conclusion, the additive has beneficial effects on both emissions and the environment, and the nitrogen present in the treated slurry could partially displace a mineral fertilizer, which can be considered an environmental credit.

scholarly journals Thermal Characterization of Recycled Materials for Building Insulation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3564
Author(s):  
Arnas Majumder ◽  
Laura Canale ◽  
Costantino Carlo Mastino ◽  
Antonio Pacitto ◽  
Andrea Frattolillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Building Insulation ◽  
Operational Phase

The building sector is known to have a significant environmental impact, considering that it is the largest contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions of around 36% and is also responsible for about 40% of global energy consumption. Of this, about 50% takes place during the building operational phase, while around 10–20% is consumed in materials manufacturing, transport and building construction, maintenance, and demolition. Increasing the necessity of reducing the environmental impact of buildings has led to enhancing not only the thermal performances of building materials, but also the environmental sustainability of their production chains and waste prevention. As a consequence, novel thermo-insulating building materials or products have been developed by using both locally produced natural and waste/recycled materials that are able to provide good thermal performances while also having a lower environmental impact. In this context, the aim of this work is to provide a detailed analysis for the thermal characterization of recycled materials for building insulation. To this end, the thermal behavior of different materials representing industrial residual or wastes collected or recycled using Sardinian zero-km locally available raw materials was investigated, namely: (1) plasters with recycled materials; (2) plasters with natural fibers; and (3) building insulation materials with natural fibers. Results indicate that the investigated materials were able to improve not only the energy performances but also the environmental comfort in both new and in existing buildings. In particular, plasters and mortars with recycled materials and with natural fibers showed, respectively, values of thermal conductivity (at 20 °C) lower than 0.475 and 0.272 W/(m⋅K), while that of building materials with natural fibers was always lower than 0.162 W/(m⋅K) with lower values for compounds with recycled materials (0.107 W/(m⋅K)). Further developments are underway to analyze the mechanical properties of these materials.

scholarly journals China’s plastic import ban increases prospects of environmental impact mitigation of plastic waste trade flow worldwide

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongguo Wen ◽  
Yiling Xie ◽  
Muhan Chen ◽  
Christian Doh Dinga
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Waste Trade ◽  
Treatment Structure

AbstractSince the late 1990s, the trend of plastic waste shipment from developed to developing countries has been increasing. In 2017, China announced an unprecedented ban on its import of most plastic waste, resulting in a sharp decline in global plastic waste trade flow and changes in the treatment structure of countries, whose impacts on global environmental sustainability are enormous but yet unexamined. Here, through the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, we quantified the environmental impacts of changes in the flow patterns and treatment methods of 6 types of plastic waste in 18 countries subsequent to the ban. In the short term, the ban significantly improved four midpoint indicators of environmental impact, albeit contributed to global warming. An annual saving of about 2.35 billion euros of eco-cost was realized, which is equivalent to 56% of plastic waste global trade value in 2017. To achieve global environmental sustainability in the long run, countries should gradually realize the transition from export to domestic management, and from landfill to recycling, which would realize eco-costs savings of about 1.54–3.20 billion euros.

scholarly journals Optimasi Proses Epoksidasi Asam Oleat pada Scaling Up Sintesis Asam 9,10-Dihidroksi Stearat (DHSA) Bench Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Maisaroh Maisaroh
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Bench Scale

Sintesis asam 9,10-dihidroksi stearat (DHSA) dari asam oleat terepoksidasi merupakan salah satu upaya yang akan meningkatkan penggunaan, diversifikasi dan nilai tambah minyak kelapa sawit. Scaling up proses epoksidasi asam oleat dari skala laboratorium ke bench scale (kapasitas 5 L) terjadi perubahan volume dan geometri dari peralatan yang akan mempengaruhi proses epoksidasi itu sendiri sehingga perlu dilakukan observasi terhadap parameter-parameter yang akan digunakan dalam basic dan engineering design. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan scaling up proses konsistensi dari skala laboratorium ke bench scale (kap. 5 L) epoksidasi asam oleat sebagai produk antara sintesis DHSA dalam pengembangan produk turunan kelapa sawit yang akan digunakan sebagai bahan kosmetik. Scaling Up epoksidasi asam oleat dengan asam performat yang dibentuk secara in situ dilakukan menggunakan reaktor 5 liter dengan perbandingan mol asam oleat : asam format : hidrogen peroksida 50% = 1 : 1,25 : 6. Produk epoksidasi ini akan dilanjutkan untuk dihidroksilasi pada sintesis DHSA sebagai bahan kosmetik.

Innovation in Public Health Care Institutions

2015 ◽  
pp. 339-351
Author(s):  
Arminda Paço
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
The Creation

The increasing importance of environmental sustainability for all society and for healthcare systems in particular is unquestionable. Thus, in recent years, hospitals and health centres began to arm themselves with techniques and equipment to reduce environmental impact, because it was found that these institutions contributed greatly to environmental deterioration. This chapter seeks to present the creation and implementation of an environmental sustainability programme in a hospital focused on saving energy and water resources, demonstrating that there are economic and competitive opportunities behind the environmental improvements. This would allow the hospital to become more competitive and to become the first green hospital in Portugal. The focus of the chapter is the study of attitudes and behaviours of staff regarding to the environmental sustainability campaign followed by the hospital.

Greener Transportation Infrastructure

2011 ◽  
pp. 394-421
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Fann ◽  
Jasenka Rakas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Implementation Strategy ◽  
Utility Functions ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Capacity Enhancement ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessments ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Evaluation Parameters

The presented methodology has two fundamental goals: first, to foster greener design practices among airport managers, planners, and designers, and second, to establish a dynamic dialogue between all airport stakeholders, while overcoming the shortcomings of traditional environmental impact assessments and thus ensuring capacity enhancement. The innovative aspects of the methodology are the combination of a flexible implementation strategy, the use of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) with cost and utility functions, and a structured definition of environmental sustainability with customized evaluation parameters.

Quantifying the contribution of livestock health issues to the environmental impact of their production systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-114
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Mackenzie ◽  
◽  
Ilias Kyriazakis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Livestock Systems

The focus of this chapter is on the environmental impact consequences of endemic livestock health challenges that lead to deterioration in animal health, and on the potential impacts arising from their mitigations. The first part of the chapter concentrates on the potential of animal health to affect the environmental impact of livestock systems. Subsequently, it reviews the literature to date which has quantified the impact of health challenges for the environmental impacts of livestock systems. The potential of successful health interventions to mitigate negative environmental impacts represents a point of synergy between concerns around environmental sustainability and animal welfare, both of which represent 'hot topics' in the discourse surrounding the livestock industry and its sustainability. The challenges associated with modelling health interventions and their potential to mitigate environmental impacts constitute the last section in the chapter.

Environmental Sustainability in the Fashion Supply Chain in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Indian Scenario

The fashion supply chain is one of the most polluting industries in the world, being a huge consumer of water, electricity and chemicals, and discharging massive quantities of wastes to land. Stakeholders' and customers' pressure on sustainability has pushed companies to transform general environmental sustainability concepts into business practices. However, a few contributions have offered a comprehensive analysis of the practices employed in the fashion supply chain to reduce its environmental impact. Each fashion supplier seeks to maximize its profits as well as to minimize its emissions throughout its supply chain with the latter criterion being weighted in an individual manner by each supplier. In this paper, a theoretical framework for mapping practices for environmental sustainability implemented in the fashion system is presented. The framework is then used to analyze the Indian scenario.

Lot-Size Planning with Non-Linear Cost Functions Supporting Environmental Sustainability

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Heck ◽  
Guenter Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Size Optimization ◽  
Lot Size ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Linear Cost

In this paper, the authors propose a non-linear cost function based on ecological considerations for lot-size planning. The classical approaches of lot-size optimization, the Wagner-Whitin algorithm and the Part-Period Balancing heuristic, are enhanced with so-called eco-factors. These eco-enhanced approaches combined with eco-balancing help to reduce overall production costs. Simultaneously, the environmental impact is also reduced.

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