scholarly journals Treatment adherence among sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Xinjiang, China: a prospective study

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 8983-8989
Author(s):  
Xinji Gong ◽  
Yuehua Li ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Ayinuer Mohemaiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Despite great effort to control tuberculosis (TB), low treatment adherence threatens the success of drug therapy, increases the risk of TB transmission, and leads to the development of drug resistance.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Sputum Conversion among Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Morocco

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Bouti ◽  
Mohammed Aharmim ◽  
Karima Marc ◽  
Mouna Soualhi ◽  
Rachida Zahraoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Sputum Conversion ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background. Sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients expel infectious viable bacilli for a period following the commencement of treatment. Objective. To determine the time to sputum smear conversion and study the factors influencing it. Design. A prospective study was undertaken at our hospital in Rabat over a six-month period on a cohort of 119 sputum smear positive patients. Patients were followed up fortnightly. At each followup, specimens were collected and processed for microscopy using standard protocol. Results. 96.6% of our patients completed the study (4 deaths). Sputum conversion rate was 42% after two weeks, 73% after one month, and 95% after two months. Univariate and stepwise regression analysis showed that patients who had high smear grading, miliary, and bilateral radiologic lesions were more likely to undergo delayed sputum conversion (P<0.05). Other factors were thought to influence sputum conversion but were not statistically proven in our study. Conclusion. Since viable bacilli continue to be expelled for up to two months, infection control measures should be maintained for such a time. Patients with high smear grading, miliary, and bilateral radiologic lesions need to be monitored more closely.

scholarly journals Prevalence of primary drug resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid in newly diagnosed sputum smear positive pulmonary Tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3532
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Jawahar Lal Joshi ◽  
Abdurazack Umathoor ◽  
Vishal Chopra ◽  
Komaldeep Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Primary Drug Resistance ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Probe Assay ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Primary Drug

Background: To determine the prevalence of primary drug resistance to either rifampicin or isoniazid alone or both in newly diagnosed sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Method: A prospective study 100 newly diagnosed sputum smear positive pulmonary TB patients was conducted. The patients with an age of ≥15 years and who had either not taken anti TB treatment or who had taken ATT for less than 1 month were enrolled in this study. Two sputum samples (5ml each), including one early morning sample as per the RNTCP guidelines were collected and subjected to line probe assay (LPA).Results: Out of 100 cases 6 were having resistance to both rifampicin and isoniazid, 9 has resistance to INH alone and 1 had resistance to rifampicin alone.Conclusion: The prevalence of primary drug resistance is high. For early and rapid detection of DR-TB newer modality should be used  for the detection of primary drug resistance in sputum smear positive TB patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Drug Resistance Patterns ofMycobacterium tuberculosisamong New Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Eastern Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhanu Seyoum ◽  
Meaza Demissie ◽  
Alemayehu Worku ◽  
Shiferaw Bekele ◽  
Abraham Aseffa
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistance Patterns

The study aimed at determining the prevalence and drug resistance patterns ofMycobacterium tuberculosisamong new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients visiting TB diagnosis and treatment facilities at selected health facilities in eastern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2011 and May 2013. A total of 408 new adult pulmonary TB patients (≥ 18 years) were enrolled in this study. Three consecutive sputum samples (spot, morning, and spot) were collected from each patient and transported to the Armauer Hansen Research Institute TB laboratory located in Addis Ababa for culture on Lowenstein Jensen slant media. DST was performed on 357 (87.5%) of the patient samples for isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), ethambutol (E), and streptomycin (S) using the standard proportion method. The rate of resistance to any one drug was 23%. Any resistance to H, S, R, and E was 14%, 11.5%, 2.8%, and 0.3%, respectively. The highest proportion of monoresistance was observed against H (9.5%). MDRTB was detected in 1.1% of the patients. Any drug resistance was associated with HIV infection (COR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.905–7.222) (P= 0.000). Although the prevalence of MDRTB is relatively low in the study area, high prevalence of H resistance is a serious concern demanding close monitoring. Expanding diagnostic capacity for mycobacterial culture and DST is a vital step in this regard.

scholarly journals Sputum Smears Conversion in Daily Versus Intermittent Treatment Regimen in New Sputum Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients - A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 3617-3622
Author(s):  
Dhondiba Haribhau Bhise
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Patient Death ◽  
Continuation Phase ◽  
Intensive Phase ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Negative Conversion

BACKGROUND Sputum smear conversion is the negative conversion of the sputum smear at the end of the second month of treatment regimen under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP). When the acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smear comes negative at the end of an intensive phase, the treatment regimen can shift to the continuation phase that indicates bacillary load is a minimum. Although some authors consider the conversion of cultures when the AFB smear is negative, two potent drugs in the continuation phase are sufficient to kill the remaining bacilli. The drug that can kill bacteria in the first 2 days of treatment is called early bactericidal activity (EBA). This can be assessed by the percentage of negative conversion of cultures at the end of the intensive phase of the treatment regimen. EBA is very essential because it reduces the transmission in the community and chances of patient death. When the purpose is to kill as many bacilli as possible in the first few days and weeks of treatment, it is very important to include bactericidal drugs in the treatment regimen so that it reduces the chances of patient death and infectiousness and the negative conversion of the cultures after 2-month treatment regimen is an indication of the bactericidal capacity of the drug. The purpose of this study was to compare sputum smear conversion in daily versus intermittent treatment regimens in diagnosed cases of new sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. METHODS This retrospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Respiratory medicine and nodal drug resistance tuberculosis centre (DR-TB) at the Government medical college and hospital, Akola. In this study, a total of 120 new patients were taken. 60 patients were given daily and intermittent regimens respectively under NTEP. RESULTS Out of 120 patients, 56 (93.33 %) patients in intermittent and 53 (88.33 %) patients in daily regimen were sputum smear-negative at the end of 2nd month (intensive phase) and at the end of 6th month (continuation phase). 1 patient (1.6 %) remained sputum smear-positive after the intensive phase. That patient was given 1 month of extension of anti-tuberculosis treatment (AKT) in the intensive phase and the patient became sputum negative after 1 month of extension. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded in this study, daily regimens and intermittent regimens were equally effective in negative conversion of the sputum smear at the end of the intensive phase and the end of the continuation phase. Negative conversion of the sputum smear is quite important because the bacillary load will be so low at the end of 2nd month that reduces the chances of patient death and transmission in the community. KEY WORDS Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB), Drug-Resistant TB (DR-TB), National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP), Revised National TB Control Program (RNTCP), Intensive Phase (IP), continuation Phase (CP), National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP).

scholarly journals Determinants of sputum smear nonconversion in smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Suriname, 2010 – 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Commiesie ◽  
Deborah Stijnberg ◽  
Diana Marín ◽  
Freddy Perez ◽  
Mauro Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

Objective. To identify factors associated with sputum smear nonconversion in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Suriname. Methods. A case-control study was conducted using routinely-collected surveillance data of PTB cases reported in January 2010 – December 2015 and recorded in the database of the National Tuberculosis Program of Suriname. Cases were smear-positive PTB patients whose sputum results were negative 2 months after treatment initiation. Controls were the smear-positive PTB patients whose sputum results were negative in the same timeframe. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between potential risk factors and smear conversion. Results. The two age groups ≥ 35 years (35 – 54 years, AOR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.2 – 6.1; and 55+ years, AOR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.1 – 5.9) and high bacillary load at baseline (AOR 2.34, 95%CI: 1.2 – 4.8) were significantly associated with delayed smear conversion. Conclusion. The National TB program of Suriname should develop strategies to address patients at higher risk for delayed smear conversion to prevent further spreading and unfavorable treatment outcomes. To better inform decision-making and future studies, the NTP should expand its data collection to include all risk factors for delayed smear conversion.

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