scholarly journals Analysis and modeling of the growth of intermetallic compounds in aluminum–steel joints

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (60) ◽  
pp. 37797-37805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Zhang ◽  
ManJiao Chen ◽  
Yu Shi ◽  
Jiankang Huang ◽  
Fuqian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Pole Figure ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Welding Zone ◽  
Steel Joints ◽  
Simulation Time

EBSD mapping of a welding zone ((A) image of crystal orientation, (B) pole figure, (C and D) EBSD color, black-white images of the joint); variation of the thickness of the Fe2Al5 IMC layer with the simulation time.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Commercially Pure Ti/Steel Joint Brazed by Zr–Ti–Ni Amorphous Filler Metal

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 2051-2054
Author(s):  
Ken-Young Yoon ◽  
Sang-Wook Kim ◽  
Jong-Kyun Kim ◽  
Taek-Kyun Jung ◽  
Seong-Sik Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Joint Interface ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Joining Strength ◽  
Cp Ti ◽  
Steel Joints

In this study, the characteristics of commercially pure titanium (hereinafter referred as CP-Ti)/Steel joints, brazed with Zr–Ti–Ni amorphous filler metal were analyzed. The effects of brazing temperature and time on the microstructure and joining strength of the CP-Ti/Steel joints were investigated. It was observed that Ti diffused into stainless steel substrate formed a brittle reaction zone, which contained intermetallic compounds, such as τ (Ti5Cr7Fe17), (Fe, –Ni)Ti, and FeTi, observed at the joint interface. As the brazing temperature and time increased, the width of the reaction layer in the joint was observed to increase. To suppress the oxidation of the substrates, the experiment was conducted at a cooling and heating speed of 100 °C/min, under a vacuum of 5×10−5 torr. The joining strength was observed to be significantly affected by the brazing conditions, such as temperature and duration time. The shear strength test showed that the strength increased for 15 min and then sharply decreased. This was attributed to the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds, like (Fe, Ni)Ti. The joint brazed at 880 °C for 15 min showed the maximum joining strength, of 216 MPa.

A Materials and Mechanical Characterization of Friction Stir Welded Aluminum-Steel Joints with Respect to Intermetallic Compounds Content

2021 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Zeina G. El Chlouk ◽  
Mutasem A. Shehadeh ◽  
Ramsey F. Hamade
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
Steel Joints

In order to weld dissimilar materials with dramatically different properties such as aluminum and steel, friction stir welding (FSW) offers many advantages over conventional fusion welding techniques. However, producing strong and durable FSW joints requires full characterization of these joints including metallurgical and mechanical characterization. In this work, many process parameters and two different tools are put to test and the resulting FSW joints are characterized. Their mechanical strength is investigated in tension with respect to intermetallic compounds content analyzed using SEM coupled to EDX. The soundest 2mm thick joints recovered 55% of the strength of the original un-welded metal whereas in the case of the 3mm thick joints 47% of the strength could only be recovered in the best case. It was revealed that as the content in intermetallic compound increases the strength of the joints decreases. Additionally, it was found that the higher the mechanical deformation, the more these compounds are abundant; in other words, intermetallic compounds were largely found in the middle and bottom sections of the 3mm thick samples which is where the threads of the pin do most of their work. The compositions of these intermetallic phases along the abutting surfaces is also proposed based on the elemental composition of Fe and Al as detected by the scanning electron microscopy.

Orientations – perfectly colored

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1786-1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Nolze ◽  
R. Hielscher
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Group ◽  
Pole Figure ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Inverse Pole Figure ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Matlab Toolbox ◽  
Orientation Data ◽  
Crystal Direction ◽  
Higher Symmetries ◽  
Point Groups

The inverse pole figure (IPF) coloring for a suitable evaluation of crystal orientation data is discussed. The major goal is a high correlation between encoding color and crystal orientation. Revised color distributions of the fundamental sectors are introduced which have the advantages of (1) being applicable for all point groups, (2) not causing color discontinuities within grains, (3) featuring carefully balanced regions for red, cyan, blue, magenta, green and yellow, and (4) an enlarged gray center in opposition to a tiny white center. A new set of IPF color keys is proposed which is the result of a thorough analysis of the colorization problem. The discussion considers several topics: (a) the majority of presently applied IPF color keys generate color discontinuities for specifically oriented grains; (b) if a unique correlation between crystal direction and color is requested, discontinuity-preventing keys are possible for all point groups, except for {\overline 4}, {\overline 3} and {\overline 1}; (c) for a specific symmetry group several IPF color keys are available, visualizing different features of a microstructure; and (d) for higher symmetries a simultaneous IPF mapping of two or three standard reference directions is insufficient for an unequivocal orientation assignment. All color keys are available in MTEX, a freely available MATLAB toolbox.

scholarly journals POLE FIGURE EVALUATION OF CRYSTAL ORIENTATION OF ORTHOGONAL-BIAXIALLY STRETCHING POLYVINYL ALCOHOL

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 231-245
Author(s):  
Sadao Hibi ◽  
Matsuo Maeda ◽  
Takashi Indo ◽  
Tomonori Kakizawa ◽  
Shunji Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Pole Figure ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Biaxially Stretching

Advanced characterization of intermetallic compounds in dissimilar aluminum-steel joints obtained by laser welding-brazing with Al Si filler metals

2021 ◽  
pp. 111345
Author(s):  
Daniel Wallerstein ◽  
Eugenio Luis Solla ◽  
Fernando Lusquiños ◽  
Rafael Comesaña ◽  
Jesús Del Val ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Welding ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Advanced Characterization ◽  
Steel Joints ◽  
Filler Metals

Nickel Aluminides as a “Filler” for Joining Ceramics and Metals

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1608-1613
Author(s):  
D. Kalinski ◽  
M. Chmielewski ◽  
A. Krajewski ◽  
M. Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Argon Atmosphere ◽  
Nickel Aluminides ◽  
Resistant Steel ◽  
Reactive Sintering ◽  
Heat Resistant Steel ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Steel Joints

Reactive sintering of liquid Al with solid Ni resulting in the formation of intermetallic compounds was used for joining parts made of heat-resistant steel and parts made of ZrO2 ceramic. The constituents of the binding layer (the ‘filler’) were introduced in the form of foils (e.g. in the Al/Ni/Al sequence) in-between the two parts to be joined. The heat-resistant steel joints (steel- /NiAl/-steel) were bonded in vacuum within the temperature range from 1023K to 1323K, at a pressure of 6MPa for 30 to 60min. The ceramic joints of the ZrO2-/NiAl/-ZrO2 type were produced in an argon atmosphere within the temperature range from 1373K to 1723K at a pressure of 6MPa for a time from 30 to 60min. The joints of both types produced under these conditions had a required structure and were suitable for exploitation at high temperatures in air. Based on the results obtained for these joints, we experimented successfully with joining zirconium ceramics with heatresistant steel by using the reactive sintering of Ni-Al intermetallic compounds.

scholarly journals Can High-Entropy Interlayers Develop Intermetallic-Free Welded Joints of Dissimilar Metals?

Eng ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
Owais Ahmed Waseem
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Diffusion Layer ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Dissimilar Metals ◽  
Catastrophic Failure ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Steel Joints ◽  
Zr Alloy

The joining of two chemically dissimilar metals is a challenge due to the formation of hard and brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in the diffusion layer. The joining of steel/Fe with aluminum (Al) and zirconium (Zr) alloy is particularly important for the automobile and nuclear industries, respectively. The Al–steel and Zr–steel joints produced by conventional fusion welding exhibit IMCs. The IMCs can enhance brittleness and cause catastrophic failure. This concept paper presents a novel idea of suppressing IMCs in welded joints using a high-entropy interlayer (HEI). It also discusses the potential candidates for HEIs and inspires research to exploit this new and promising research area.

scholarly journals Weldability of Aluminum-Steel Joints Using Continuous Drive Friction Welding Process, Without the Presence of Intermetallic Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Oscar David Hincapié ◽  
Jhonathan Alfonso Salazar ◽  
José Julian Restrepo ◽  
Jonathan Andrés Graciano-Uribe ◽  
Edwar Andrés Torres
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Steel Joints
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