scholarly journals He-Wei granules inhibit chemotherapy-induced vomiting (CINV) in rats by reducing oxidative stress and regulating 5-HT, substance P, ghrelin and obestatin

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (69) ◽  
pp. 43866-43878
Author(s):  
Zehai Song ◽  
Hang Chang ◽  
Na Han ◽  
Zhihui Liu ◽  
Zhonglin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs

As a common side effect of a variety of chemotherapy drugs, CINV severely limits the clinical use of chemotherapy drugs.

A genome-wide association study of nausea incidence in varenicline-treated cigarette smokers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan J Chenoweth ◽  
Caryn Lerman ◽  
Jo Knight ◽  
Rachel F Tyndale
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Drug Transporter ◽  
Transporter Gene ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Abstract Introduction Varenicline is the most efficacious smoking cessation treatment, however long-term cessation rates tend to be <25%. Nausea, the most common side effect of varenicline, observed in ~28% of individuals treated, peaks early following treatment initiation and reduces cessation success. Genetic variation influences treatment response, however genetic contributors to individual differences in side effects are less understood. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association study of nausea incidence at one week following the initiation of varenicline treatment (corresponding to the target quit date) in 189 cigarette smokers of European ancestry (NCT01314001). Additive genetic models examining the likelihood of experiencing any versus no nausea controlled for population substructure, age, and sex. Variants with minor allele frequencies (MAF) ≥ 10% were considered. Results Fifty-seven (30.2%) out of 189 participants reported nausea. The top variant associated with nausea was rs1568209 (OR=2.61 for A vs. G allele; 95% CI=1.65,4.15; P=2.1e-7; MAF=48.7%), mapping to the SLCO3A1 drug transporter gene on chromosome 15. In the same trial, rs1568209 was not associated with nausea in either the nicotine patch (P=0.56; n=181) or placebo (P=0.59; n=174) arms. In varenicline-treated smokers, the incidence of nausea was higher in females (44.6%; n=74) versus males (20.9%; n=115) (P=0.001), however there was no evidence of a difference in the influence of rs1568209 on nausea between the sexes (P for sex*genotype interaction=0.36). Future studies in larger samples are required to test the robustness of this finding. Conclusions Variation in SLCO3A1 may influence the risk for developing nausea in varenicline-treated smokers, which may alter adherence and cessation. Implications Varenicline-associated nausea reduces adherence and limits cessation success. Previous candidate gene association studies showed genetic factors influence nausea on varenicline. This pilot genome-wide investigation of nausea, the most common side effect associated with varenicline treatment and an importance cause of treatment discontinuation, suggests the potential involvement of common variation in the SLCO3A1 drug transporter gene.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Alterations Induced by Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs: A Scoping Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1116
Author(s):  
Omar Cauli
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cognitive Alterations

Cognitive impairment is one of the most deleterious effects of chemotherapy treatment in cancer patients, and this problem sometimes remains even after chemotherapy ends. Common classes of chemotherapy-based regimens such as anthracyclines, taxanes, and platinum derivatives can induce both oxidative stress in the blood and in the brain, and these effects can be reproduced in neuronal and glia cell cultures. In rodent models, both the acute and repeated administration of doxorubicin or adriamycin (anthracyclines) or cisplatin impairs cognitive functions, as shown by their diminished performance in different learning and memory behavioural tasks. Administration of compounds with strong antioxidant effects such as N-acetylcysteine, gamma-glutamyl cysteine ethyl ester, polydatin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, and 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate sodium (MESNA) counteract both oxidative stress and cognitive alterations induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. These antioxidant molecules provide the scientific basis to design clinical trials in patients with the aim of reducing the oxidative stress and cognitive alterations, among other probable central nervous system changes, elicited by chemotherapy in cancer patients. In particular, N-acetylcysteine and MESNA are currently used in clinical settings and are therefore attracting scientific attention.

Chest Pain: Common Side Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Anecita Fadol
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Common Side Effect

scholarly journals Assessment of Patients’ Adherence to Antiepileptic Medications at Dessie Referral Hospital, Chronic Follow-Up, South Wollo, Amhara Region, North East Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizachew Kassahun ◽  
Getachew Moges ◽  
Yitayew Demessie
Keyword(s):  
Side Effect ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Clinical Event ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North East ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Dessie Referral Hospital

An epileptic seizure is a clinical event presumed to result from an abnormal and excessive neuronal discharge. The clinical symptoms are paroxysmal and may include impaired consciousness and motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic events perceived by the subject or an observer. Epilepsy occurs when 2 or more epileptic seizures occur unprovoked by any immediately identifiable cause. And in the majority of patients with epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs effectively control their illness. However, more than 30% of people with epilepsy do not attain full seizure control, even with the best available treatment regimen. The aim of this study is to assess self-reported adherence in adult patients with epilepsy and to identify potential barriers for nonadherence to antiepileptic drug treatment in Dessie Referral Hospital. A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted using structured questionnaires including Morisky medication adherence scale and analysis was conducted descriptively using SPSS version 20. The level of nonadherence to antiepileptic medication regimens was 34.1%. The major reason for missing medication was forgetfulness 53.5%. And the most common side effect was sedation 56.2%. Conclusion. Majority of epileptic patients in Dessie Referral Hospital was adherent to their AEDs treatment and among the determinants of adherence assessed the level of education and the side effect of drugs showed statistical significance.

Drug spider: Pinpointing genes responsible for common side effect produced by several drugs

2014 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. S161-S162
Author(s):  
Vivien Landre ◽  
Richard Knight ◽  
Gerry Melino ◽  
Alexey Antonov
Keyword(s):  
Side Effect ◽  
Common Side Effect

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY SILODOSIN 8 MG ONCE DAILY AND SILODOSIN 4 MG TWICE DAILY IN BPH PATIENTS WITH LUTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzie Nendra Diansyah ◽  
Johan Renaldo ◽  
Wahjoe Djatisoesanto ◽  
Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Common Adverse Event ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Maximum Urinary Flow

Objective: This study was aimed to compare the efficacy and side effect of silodosin 8mg once daily and silodosin 4mg twice daily in BPH-LUTS patients after 4 and 12 weeks. Material & Methods: Single blind randomized controlled trials in 60 male patients aged ≥45 years with BPH-LUTS from July 2017 to October 2017 was divided into groups who received 8mg of silodosin once daily and those who received 4mg of silodosin twice daily. Efficacy and adverse events were evaluated after 4 and 12 weeks of treatment. Results:  There was no significant difference of mean age of the two groups was 67.93 ± 6.49 years and 69.07 ± 6.28 years respectively (p 0.49). Both doses of this drug decreased the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and significantly increased the maximum urinary flow (Qmax) (p<0.05) but there was no significant differences between the two groups (p>0.05). Ejaculation disorder was the most common side effect in all groups (6.7% and 5%) and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The administration of 8mg of once daily silodosin has similar efficacy as 4mg twice daily silodosin. There were no adverse events differences in the two groups. Ejaculation disorder is the most common adverse event of silodosin administration.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA NAFSU MAKAN DENGAN ASUPAN ENERGI DAN PROTEIN PADA PASIEN KANKER PAYUDARA POST KEMOTERAPI[Correlation between Appetite with Energy and Protein Intake of Post Chemotherapy Breast Cancer Patients]

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Silviana Putri ◽  
Merryana Adriani ◽  
Yayuk Estuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test

Chemotherapy drugs used to kill or inhibit proliferation of cancer cell that are cytotoxic and causing side effect for breast cancer patients. The side effect of chemotherapy drugs is decreasing the appetite which causing decrease in energy and protein intake, and could affect nutritional status. This study aim to determine the relationship between appetite with energy and protein intake of post chemotherapy breast cancer patients. This research was an analytic observational research using cross sectional design and purposive sampling conducted at Dr. Ramelan Navy Hospital Surabaya with a sample size of 50 patients. Correlation between appetite with energy and protein intake were analyzed using Pearson correlation. The average of energy and protein intake were 976.3±304.2 kcal and 29.4±12.9 g. Pearson correlation test showed signifi cant correlation between appetite as chemoteraphy side effect with energy intake (p=0.000; r=-0.558) and protein intake (p=0.000; r=-0.504). Decreasing of appetite due to chemoterapy reduce the energy and protein intake of breast cancer patient. Patient are suggest to consume foods in small portion but often to maintain adequate energy and protein intake.

scholarly journals Citrulline, Biomarker of Enterocyte Functional Mass and Dietary Supplement. Metabolism, Transport, and Current Evidence for Clinical Use

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2794
Author(s):  
Stefano Maric ◽  
Tanja Restin ◽  
Julian Louis Muff ◽  
Simone Mafalda Camargo ◽  
Laura Chiara Guglielmetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Protein Balance ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Important Amino Acid ◽  
Citrullinated Proteins ◽  
Improve Muscle Strength ◽  
Rheumatoid Diseases

L-Citrulline is a non-essential but still important amino acid that is released from enterocytes. Because plasma levels are reduced in case of impaired intestinal function, it has become a biomarker to monitor intestinal integrity. Moreover, oxidative stress induces protein citrullination, and antibodies against anti-citrullinated proteins are useful to monitor rheumatoid diseases. Citrullinated histones, however, may even predict a worse outcome in cancer patients. Supplementation of citrulline is better tolerated compared to arginine and might be useful to slightly improve muscle strength or protein balance. The following article shall provide an overview of L-citrulline properties and functions, as well as the current evidence for its use as a biomarker or as a therapeutic supplement.

scholarly journals A community pharmacist's intervention in antipsychotic drug-induced sexual dysfunction in a patient with schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Maehara ◽  
Masayasu Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Antipsychotic Drug ◽  
Community Pharmacist ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
First Report

Sexual dysfunction (SD) is a common side effect of antipsychotics. The community pharmacist assessed a patient with SD and suggested a change in prescription from risperidone and haloperidol to aripiprazole that improved SD. This is the first report on amelioration of antipsychotic-induced SD by early intervention by community pharmacists.

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