scholarly journals The impact of zeta potential changes on Ceratium hirundinella cell removal and the ability of cells to restore its natural surface charge during drinking water purification

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (36) ◽  
pp. 22433-22440 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ewerts ◽  
S. Barnard ◽  
A. Swanepoel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Ceratium Hirundinella ◽  
Drinking Water Purification ◽  
The Impact

The removal efficacy ofCeratiumcells from source water was evaluated. The best ZP for coagulation were achieved with organic polymer and Ca(OH)2. Cells were able to restore their ZP after 120 and 240 minutes settling time.

Strategies of coagulant optimisation to improve the removal of turbidity and Ceratium hirundinella cells during conventional drinking water purification

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 820-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ewerts ◽  
S. Barnard ◽  
A. Swanepoel ◽  
H. H. du Preez ◽  
S. Janse van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Simultaneous Removal ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Ceratium Hirundinella ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Drinking Water Purification ◽  
Purification Plant

The dinoflagellate, Ceratium hirundinella (C. hirundinella) cells are known to cause many problems when source water due for purification contains relatively high concentrations. The objective of this study was to investigate strategies for the effective and simultaneous removal of turbidity and C. hirundinella cells using turbidity and total photosynthetic pigments (TPP) as indicators of appropriate coagulant dosages during conventional drinking water purification. Source water samples with low turbidity, and high number of C. hirundinella cells were collected. A laboratory-scale conventional water purification plant was used to simulate coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and sand filtration. Various coagulant options were dosed as part of conventional coagulation. The coagulant option Ca(OH)2–organic polymer achieved the best removal of both turbidity (50%) and C. hirundinella cells (75–82%) after sedimentation using TPP as an indicator. Ca(OH)2–SiO2 and organic polymer alone achieved better removal of C. hirundinella (57–75%) and turbidity (33–50%) respectively when TPP was used as an indicator rather than turbidity. Sand filtration removed the remaining turbidity and C. hirundinella cells from the supernatant completely. Implementing new purification strategies may increase treatment costs, but the focus of drinking water purification utilities should always be primarily the production of safe and aesthetically acceptable drinking water.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic water purification from dioxins (fragments of theory)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
A. Roysen ◽  
T Musienko
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Physicochemical Process ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Drinking Water Purification ◽  
The Impact

Contamination of all natural sources of drinking water by human activities has become a matter of extreme concern to all who understand this problem as a threat to civilization. Dioxins and dioxin-like substances have been classified as particularly dangerous pollutants in the last thirty years. The authors provide generalized information about the danger of environmental pollution with dioxins and dioxin-like toxicants. It is suggested that the total weakening of the immunity of the world's population due to the presence of dioxins in the environment, which are hormone-like superecotoxicants. The factor of mass exposure of the population to coronavirus infection (COVID 19) is not excluded, as a result of the impact of dioxins and dioxin-like substances on the human immune system. The authors consider the most promising method of drinking water purification to be the photocatalysis method implemented directly in a local source (domestic consumption, production of bottled water). The physicochemical process of photocatalytic water purification using TiO2 activated by artificial ultraviolet radiation as a catalyst is considered. It is reported about the work aimed at the practical implementation of measures for the purification of drinking water.

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