A sulfur–eugenol allyl ether copolymer: a material synthesized via inverse vulcanization from renewable resources and its application in Li–S batteries

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 1818-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Hoefling ◽  
Dan Thien Nguyen ◽  
Young Joo Lee ◽  
Seung-Wan Song ◽  
Patrick Theato
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Allyl Ether

Polymeric materials based on abundant elemental sulfur and renewable eugenol show enhanced cyclability as cathode materials in Li–S batteries.

scholarly journals Biodegradable Flame Retardants for Biodegradable Polymer

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1038
Author(s):  
Muhammad Maqsood ◽  
Gunnar Seide
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Airborne Particle ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Significant Attention

To improve sustainability of polymers and to reduce carbon footprint, polymers from renewable resources are given significant attention due to the developing concern over environmental protection. The renewable materials are progressively used in many technical applications instead of short-term-use products. However, among other applications, the flame retardancy of such polymers needs to be improved for technical applications due to potential fire risk and their involvement in our daily life. To overcome this potential risk, various flame retardants (FRs) compounds based on conventional and non-conventional approaches such as inorganic FRs, nitrogen-based FRs, halogenated FRs and nanofillers were synthesized. However, most of the conventional FRs are non-biodegradable and if disposed in the landfill, microorganisms in the soil or water cannot degrade them. Hence, they remain in the environment for long time and may find their way not only in the food chain but can also easily attach to any airborne particle and can travel distances and may end up in freshwater, food products, ecosystems, or even can be inhaled if they are present in the air. Furthermore, it is not a good choice to use non-biodegradable FRs in biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA). Therefore, the goal of this review paper is to promote the use of biodegradable and bio-based compounds for flame retardants used in polymeric materials.

scholarly journals Redox Polymers as Electrode-Active Materials for Batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 063-070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Esser
Keyword(s):  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Redox Polymers ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
High Discharge ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Lower Discharge

Organic cathode materials are promising candidates for a new generation of ‘green batteries’, since they have low toxicity and can be produced from renewable resources or from petroleum. This review shows that organic redox polymers can show excellent battery performance regarding cycling stability and rate capability, and attractive specific capacities are accessible. Radical polymers and redox polymers based on heteroaromatics demonstrate superior rate capabilities and cycling stabilities at fast C-rates as well as high discharge potentials of 3–4 V versus Li/Li+, while quinone- or imide-based polymers deliver high specific capacities of up to 260 mAh g−1 with stable cycling at moderate C-rates and lower discharge potentials. This review article highlights the underlying design principles showcasing selected examples of well-performing redox polymers.

Polymerizations with Elemental Sulfur: From Petroleum Refining to Polymeric Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taeheon Lee ◽  
Philip T. Dirlam ◽  
Jon T. Njardarson ◽  
Richard S. Glass ◽  
Jeffrey Pyun
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Petroleum Refining ◽  
Polymeric Materials

Terminology for biorelated polymers and applications (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Vert ◽  
Yoshiharu Doi ◽  
Karl-Heinz Hellwich ◽  
Michael Hess ◽  
Philip Hodge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Colloidal Suspension ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Materials Used

Like most of the materials used by humans, polymeric materials are proposed in the literature and occasionally exploited clinically, as such, as devices or as part of devices, by surgeons, dentists, and pharmacists to treat traumata and diseases. Applications have in common the fact that polymers function in contact with animal and human cells, tissues, and/or organs. More recently, people have realized that polymers that are used as plastics in packaging, as colloidal suspension in paints, and under many other forms in the environment, are also in contact with living systems and raise problems related to sustainability, delivery of chemicals or pollutants, and elimination of wastes. These problems are basically comparable to those found in therapy. Last but not least, biotechnology and renewable resources are regarded as attractive sources of polymers. In all cases, water, ions, biopolymers, cells, and tissues are involved. Polymer scientists, therapists, biologists, and ecologists should thus use the same terminology to reflect similar properties, phenomena, and mechanisms. Of particular interest is the domain of the so-called “degradable or biodegradable polymers” that are aimed at providing materials with specific time-limited applications in medicine and in the environment where the respect of living systems, the elimination, and/or the bio-recycling are mandatory, at least ideally.

The use of elemental sulfur as an alternative feedstock for polymeric materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 518-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo Jin Chung ◽  
Jared J. Griebel ◽  
Eui Tae Kim ◽  
Hyunsik Yoon ◽  
Adam G. Simmonds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Alternative Feedstock

Organic cathode materials Oligomerizated Imide and Thioimide via H-transfer Mechanism for High Capacity Lithium ion Batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Chao Tu ◽  
Zhenzhen Wu ◽  
Xin Geng ◽  
Lu-Lu Qu ◽  
Hong-Mei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Transfer Mechanism ◽  
Next Generation

Organic cathode materials (OCMs), synthesized from abundant and renewable resources, could be the most promising cathode materials for next-generation high capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their inherent advantages of...

Manufacturing and Evaluation of Woodfibre-Waste Plastic Composite Sheets

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debes Bhattacharyya ◽  
Krishnan Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Complex Parts ◽  
Plastic Products

Plastic products used for packaging are often discarded after a single use resulting in an inexhaustible supply of waste polymeric materials. The stiffness and strength of polymeric materials have been known to improve with the addition of lignocellulosic fibres available in abundance in nature. Hence, composite materials containing natural fibres and waste plastics would result in the reduction of solid wastes and the use of cheap, renewable resources. Composite sheets have been manufactured from Pinus Radiata woodfibre mats produced by a novel mat forming technique and Kerbside waste plastics. The tensile modulus and strength of these composite sheets have been shown to improve with the amount of woodfibres. The formability of these sheets has been assessed through dome forming. The presence of woodfibres reduces the localised thinning while thermoforming, which is a significant advantage since excessively thin areas may cause component weakness and as a result, defective parts. Complex parts have been thermoformed successfully from these composite sheets confirming the enormous potential for their use in industry.

scholarly journals Sulfur/Organic Copolymers as Curing Agents for Rubber

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Wręczycki ◽  
Dariusz Bieliński ◽  
Rafał Anyszka
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Radical Copolymerization ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Free Radical Copolymerization

It is widely acknowledged that waste sulfur generated from the petroleum industry creates huge storage and ecological problems. Therefore, the various methods of utilization are becoming increasingly attractive research topics worldwide. The thermal ability of elemental sulfur to homolytic cleavage of S8 rings enables its free radical copolymerization with unsaturated organic species and the obtaining of chemically stable polymeric materials. Here we report a novel possibility to use sulfur/organic copolymers obtained via “inverse vulcanization” as curatives for rubber. For this purpose, several various sulfur/organic copolymers were synthesized and analyzed from the point of view of their performance as rubber crosslinking agents. Solvent extraction was used to purify sulfur/organic copolymers from unreacted (elemental) sulfur. Thermal properties of the prepared copolymers were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA–DSC). Crosslink density and structure of cured elastomers was studied by equilibrium swelling, thiol-amine analysis and freezing point depression. Mechanical properties of the vulcanizates were determined under static and dynamic conditions (DMA—dynamic mechanical analysis). It is proved that the utilization of sulfur/organic copolymers as curatives enables an effective crosslinking process of rubbers. Taking into account the results of a crosslink density analysis and mechanical properties of the vulcanizates cured with purified copolymers, it is evident that relatively long copolymer macromolecules are also involved in the formation of chemical bonds between unsaturated rubber macromolecules.

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