Advances toward the effective use of block copolymers as organic photovoltaic active layers

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 795-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Mitchell ◽  
D. J. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymers ◽  
First Principles ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Active Layers ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
Effective Use

Donor/acceptor block copolymers for organic photovoltaic active layers are discussed from first principles through the modern state-of-the-art and future perspectives.

Scattering Techniques for Mixed Donor-Acceptor Characterization in Organic Photovoltaics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Chaney ◽  
Andrew Levin ◽  
Sebastian Schneider ◽  
Michael F. Toney
Keyword(s):  
Power Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Active Layers ◽  
Complex Morphology ◽  
Donor Acceptor

Precise control of the complex morphology of organic photovoltaic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layers remains an important yet challenging approach for improving power conversion efficiency. Of particular interest are the...

scholarly journals Design of donor–acceptor star-shaped oligomers for efficient solution-processible organic photovoltaics

2014 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 313-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ponomarenko ◽  
Y. N. Luponosov ◽  
J. Min ◽  
A. N. Solodukhin ◽  
N. M. Surin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Photovoltaic Properties ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
Successful Approach

This contribution describes recent progress in the design, synthesis and properties of solution-processible star-shaped oligomers and their application in organic photovoltaics. Even though alternative chemistry has been used to design such oligomers, the most successful approach is based on a triphenylamine donor branching center, (oligo)thiophene conjugated spacers and dicyanovinyl acceptor groups. These are mainly amorphous low band-gap organic semiconductors, though crystalline or liquid crystalline ordering can sometimes be realized. It was shown that the solubility, thermal behavior and structure of such molecules in the bulk strongly depend on the presence and position of alkyl groups, as well as on their length. The photovoltaic properties of solution-processed molecules of this type are now approaching 5% which exceeds those of vacuum-sublimed devices. The design rules and future perspectives of this class of organic photovoltaic molecules are discussed.

scholarly journals Understanding charge transport in donor/acceptor blends from large-scale device simulations based on experimental film morphologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 601-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyuan Li ◽  
Gjergji Sini ◽  
Joseph Sit ◽  
Adam J. Moulé ◽  
Jean-Luc Bredas
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transport ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic ◽  
Experimental Film ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Active Layers ◽  
Donor Acceptor

Simulation of the microscopic processes in the active layers of organic photovoltaic devices directly from experimental film morphologies.

First-Principles Evaluation of the Potential of Borophene as a Monolayer Transparent Conductor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Adamska ◽  
Sridhar Sadasivam ◽  
Jonathan J. Foley ◽  
Pierre Darancet ◽  
Sahar Sharifzadeh
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Transparent Electrode ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Transparent Conductor ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Many Body Perturbation Theory

Two-dimensional boron is promising as a tunable monolayer metal for nano-optoelectronics. We study the optoelectronic properties of two likely allotropes of two-dimensional boron using first-principles density functional theory and many-body perturbation theory. We find that both systems are anisotropic metals, with strong energy- and thickness-dependent optical transparency and a weak (<1%) absorbance in the visible range. Additionally, using state-of-the-art methods for the description of the electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions, we show that the electrical conductivity is limited by electron-phonon interactions. Our results indicate that both structures are suitable as a transparent electrode.

scholarly journals A review on the properties, reinforcing effects, and commercialization of nanomaterials for cement-based materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifang Zhao ◽  
Tianqi Qi ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
David Hui ◽  
Cong Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cement Hydration ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Market Survey ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Cement Based Materials ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe behavior of cement-based materials is manipulated by chemical and physical processes at the nanolevel. Therefore, the application of nanomaterials in civil engineering to develop nano-modified cement-based materials is a promising research. In recent decades, a large number of researchers have tried to improve the properties of cement-based materials by employing various nanomaterials and to characterize the mechanism of nano-strengthening. In this study, the state of the art progress of nano-modified cement-based materials is systematically reviewed and summarized. First, this study reviews the basic properties and dispersion methods of nanomaterials commonly used in cement-based materials, including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, graphene oxide, nano-silica, nano-calcium carbonate, nano-calcium silicate hydrate, etc. Then the research progress on nano-engineered cementitious composites is reviewed from the view of accelerating cement hydration, reinforcing mechanical properties, and improving durability. In addition, the market and applications of nanomaterials for cement-based materials are briefly discussed, and the cost is creatively summarized through market survey. Finally, this study also summarizes the existing problems in current research and provides future perspectives accordingly.

scholarly journals Annelid Diversity: Historical Overview and Future Perspectives

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
María Capa ◽  
Pat Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Molecular Taxonomy ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Species Numbers ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
A New Species

Annelida is a ubiquitous, common and diverse group of organisms, found in terrestrial, fresh waters and marine environments. Despite the large efforts put into resolving the evolutionary relationships of these and other Lophotrochozoa, and the delineation of the basal nodes within the group, these are still unanswered. Annelida holds an enormous diversity of forms and biological strategies alongside a large number of species, following Arthropoda, Mollusca, Vertebrata and perhaps Platyhelminthes, among the species most rich in phyla within Metazoa. The number of currently accepted annelid species changes rapidly when taxonomic groups are revised due to synonymies and descriptions of a new species. The group is also experiencing a recent increase in species numbers as a consequence of the use of molecular taxonomy methods, which allows the delineation of the entities within species complexes. This review aims at succinctly reviewing the state-of-the-art of annelid diversity and summarizing the main systematic revisions carried out in the group. Moreover, it should be considered as the introduction to the papers that form this Special Issue on Systematics and Biodiversity of Annelids.

scholarly journals Age-Friendly Cities and Communities: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1644
Author(s):  
Joost van Hoof ◽  
Hannah R. Marston
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Welfare Systems

The number of older adults is increasing rapidly, and this demographic shift places an increased level of strain and tension on the various international healthcare and welfare systems [...]

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