Quantifying orientational regeneration of injured neurons by natural product concentration gradients in a 3D microfluidic device

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Tang ◽  
Quan-Fa Qiu ◽  
Fu-Li Zhang ◽  
Min Xie ◽  
Wei-Hua Huang
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Product Concentration

We developed a microfluidic device which can provide multiple adjustable gradients in a 3D extracellular matrix to investigate regeneration of injured central nervous system neurons in response to natural small molecules.

Initial characterization of anosmin-1, a putative extracellular matrix protein synthesized by definite neuronal cell populations in the central nervous system

1996 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1749-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Soussi-Yanicostas ◽  
J.P. Hardelin ◽  
M.M. Arroyo-Jimenez ◽  
O. Ardouin ◽  
R. Legouis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Protein ◽  
Cell Populations

The KAL gene is responsible for the X-chromosome linked form of Kallmann's syndrome in humans. Upon transfection of CHO cells with a human KAL cDNA, the corresponding encoded protein, KALc, was produced. This protein is N-glycosylated, secreted in the cell culture medium, and is localized at the cell surface. Several lines of evidence indicate that heparan-sulfate chains of proteoglycan(s) are involved in the binding of KALc to the cell membrane. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to the purified KALc were generated. They allowed us to detect and characterize the protein encoded by the KAL gene in the chicken central nervous system at late stages of embryonic development. This protein is synthesized by definite neuronal cell populations including Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, mitral cells in the olfactory bulbs and several subpopulations in the optic tectum and the striatum. The protein, with an approximate molecular mass of 100 kDa, was named anosmin-1 in reference to the deficiency of the sense of smell which characterizes the human disease. Anosmin-1 is likely to be an extracellular matrix component. Since heparin treatment of cell membrane fractions from cerebellum and tectum resulted in the release of the protein, we suggest that one or several heparan-sulfate proteoglycans are involved in the binding of anosmin-1 to the membranes in vivo.

Pyridinic analog of the natural product (−)-spectaline as potential adjuvant for the treatment of central nervous system disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2247-2250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilia Valli ◽  
Andresa Heemann Betti ◽  
Amanda Danuello ◽  
Marcos Pivatto ◽  
Fernanda Centurião ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Central Nervous System Disorders

Glial Function in Homeostasis of the Neuronal Microenvironment

Physiology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 265-267
Author(s):  
RK Orkand ◽  
SC Opava
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Glial Function ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Glial Membrane ◽  
Membrane Transport Systems ◽  
Specific Membrane

Neuroglia buffer changes in the concentrations of ions and small molecules in the tortuous network of narrow extracellular clefts that constitutes the functional environment of neurons in the central nervous system. The large area of glial membrane bordering this space exhibits specific membrane transport systems for homeostasis.

scholarly journals “Dress” makes the neuron – different forms of the extracellular matrix in the vertebrate central nervous system

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (27) ◽  
pp. 1067-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Gáti ◽  
Dávid Lendvai
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Human Central Nervous System

Introduction: Extracellular matrix is a key component of most connective tissues. For decades, the presence of this chemically heterogeneous interface has been largely unaddressed or even denied in the central nervous system. It was not until the end of the last century that scientists turned their attention to this enigmatic substance and unravelled its versatile roles in the developing as well as the adult nervous system. Aim: The aim of the authors was to characterize different parts of the human central nervous system: the hippocampus, the lateral geniculate nucleus and the spinal cord. In addition they looked for connections between brain plasticity and extracellular matrix indifferent animal models. Method: The authors used two perfusion fixed human brain and spinal cord samples, 23 further human brain samples for disease-related investigations, 16 adult rat brains and 18 chicken brains of hatchlings, 13 days or three months of age. They visualized the extracellular matrix via lectin- and immunohistochemistry. Results: It was demonstrated that the human central nervous system shows a bewildering phenotypic versatility in its various parts. The human spinal cord harbours perineuronal nets around long-range projection neurons whilst perisynaptic coats are enriched in the dorsal horn. Periaxonal coats protect functional synapses in neurodegeneration. In the rat thalamus, perineuronal matrix is enriched in less plastic territories and develops in accordance with its linked cortical region. In the chicken, perineuronal matrix is well established already at birth and its further development is not functionally dependent. Conclusions: In human, the perineuronal matrix shows a large diversity depending on regional distribution and function. The authors argue that the development and differentiation of extracellular matrix is strongly linked to those of neurons. This observation was based on findings in the domestic chick which exhibits an immediate maturity after hatching as well as on observations in rat thalamic nuclei which reflect the plasticity of their corresponding cortical fields. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 1067–1073.

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