scholarly journals Wearable sensors: modalities, challenges, and prospects

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Heikenfeld ◽  
A. Jajack ◽  
J. Rogers ◽  
P. Gutruf ◽  
L. Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wearable Sensing ◽  
Sensing Technology

Non-invasive wearable sensing technology extracts mechanical, electrical, optical, and chemical information from the human body.

scholarly journals Flexible and Conductive Bioelectrodes Based on Chitosan-Carbon Black Membranes: Towards the Development of Wearable Bioelectrodes

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2052
Author(s):  
Mireia Buaki-Sogó ◽  
Laura García-Carmona ◽  
Mayte Gil-Agustí ◽  
Marta García-Pellicer ◽  
Alfredo Quijano-López
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Glucose Sensor ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wearable Sensing ◽  
Extra Energy

Wearable sensors for non-invasive monitoring constitute a growing technology in many industrial fields, such as clinical or sport monitoring. However, one of the main challenges in wearable sensing is the development of bioelectrodes via the use of flexible and stretchable materials capable of maintaining conductive and biocompatible properties simultaneously. In this study, chitosan-carbon black (CH-CB) membranes have been synthesized using a straightforward and versatile strategy and characterized in terms of their composition and their electrical and mechanical properties. In this sense, CH-CB membranes showed good conductivity and mechanical resistance thanks to the presence of carbon black, which decreases the insulating behavior of chitosan, while flexibility and biocompatibility are maintained due to the dual composition of the membrane. Thus, flexible and biocompatible conductive bioelectrodes have been developed by the combined use of CH and CB without the use of toxic reagents, extra energy input, or long reaction times. The membranes were modified using the enzymes Glucose Oxidase and Laccase in order to develop flexible and biocompatible bioelectrodes for enzymatic glucose biofuel cells (BFCs) and glucose detection. A BFC assembled using the flexible bioelectrodes developed was able to deliver 15 µW cm−2, using just 1 mM glucose as biofuel, and up to 21.3 µW·cm−2 with higher glucose concentration. Additionally, the suitability of the CH-CB membranes to be used as a glucose sensor in a linear range from 100 to 600 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 76 µM has been proven. Such demonstrations for energy harvesting and sensing capabilities of the developed membrane pave the way for their use in wearable sensing and energy harvesting technologies in the clinical field due to their good mechanical, electrical, and biocompatible properties.

Portable And Non-Invasive Device For The Measurement Of Physiological Parameters Of Human Body

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Raksha Diwakar ◽  
◽  
Sheikh Rafik Manihar Ahmed ◽  
Jayant Rajpurohit ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Device

Enabling Batteryless Wearable Devices by Transferring Power Through The Human Body

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Rishi Shukla ◽  
Neev Kiran ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Jeremy Gummeson ◽  
Sunghoon Ivan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Barrier

Over the past few decades, we have witnessed tremendous advancements in semiconductor and MEMS technologies, leading to the proliferation of ultra-miniaturized and ultra-low-power (in micro-watt ranges) wearable devices for wellness and healthcare [1]. Most of these wearable sensors are battery powered for their operation. The use of an on-device battery as the primary energy source poses a number of challenges that serve as the key barrier to the development of novel wearable applications and the widespread use of numerous, seamless wearable sensors [5].

scholarly journals Fatigue Testing of Wearable Sensing Technologies: Issues and Opportunities

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4070
Author(s):  
Andrea Karen Persons ◽  
John E. Ball ◽  
Charles Freeman ◽  
David M. Macias ◽  
Chartrisa LaShan Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Wearable Sensing ◽  
Failure Data

Standards for the fatigue testing of wearable sensing technologies are lacking. The majority of published fatigue tests for wearable sensors are performed on proof-of-concept stretch sensors fabricated from a variety of materials. Due to their flexibility and stretchability, polymers are often used in the fabrication of wearable sensors. Other materials, including textiles, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and conductive metals or inks, may be used in conjunction with polymers to fabricate wearable sensors. Depending on the combination of the materials used, the fatigue behaviors of wearable sensors can vary. Additionally, fatigue testing methodologies for the sensors also vary, with most tests focusing only on the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) regime, and few sensors are cycled until failure or runout are achieved. Fatigue life predictions of wearable sensors are also lacking. These issues make direct comparisons of wearable sensors difficult. To facilitate direct comparisons of wearable sensors and to move proof-of-concept sensors from “bench to bedside,” fatigue testing standards should be established. Further, both high-cycle fatigue (HCF) and failure data are needed to determine the appropriateness in the use, modification, development, and validation of fatigue life prediction models and to further the understanding of how cracks initiate and propagate in wearable sensing technologies.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Wearable Devices for Non-Invasive Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1235
Author(s):  
Su Min Yun ◽  
Moohyun Kim ◽  
Yong Won Kwon ◽  
Hyobeom Kim ◽  
Mi Jung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wearable Systems ◽  
Precise Diagnosis

The development of wearable sensors is aimed at enabling continuous real-time health monitoring, which leads to timely and precise diagnosis anytime and anywhere. Unlike conventional wearable sensors that are somewhat bulky, rigid, and planar, research for next-generation wearable sensors has been focused on establishing fully-wearable systems. To attain such excellent wearability while providing accurate and reliable measurements, fabrication strategies should include (1) proper choices of materials and structural designs, (2) constructing efficient wireless power and data transmission systems, and (3) developing highly-integrated sensing systems. Herein, we discuss recent advances in wearable devices for non-invasive sensing, with focuses on materials design, nano/microfabrication, sensors, wireless technologies, and the integration of those.

scholarly journals Optical non-invasive diagnostics of microcirculatory-tissue systems of the human body: questions of metrological and instrumentation provision

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 040305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Zherebtsov ◽  
Victor Dremin ◽  
Angelina Zherebtsova ◽  
Irina Makovik ◽  
Andrey Dunaev
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tissue Systems ◽  
Invasive Diagnostics

scholarly journals NMR microsystem for label-free characterization of 3D nanoliter microtissues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Grisi ◽  
Gaurasundar M. Conley ◽  
Kyle J. Rodriguez ◽  
Erika Riva ◽  
Lukas Egli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive

AbstractPerforming chemical analysis at the nanoliter (nL) scale is of paramount importance for medicine, drug development, toxicology, and research. Despite the numerous methodologies available, a tool for obtaining chemical information non-invasively is still missing at this scale. Observer effects, sample destruction and complex preparatory procedures remain a necessary compromise1. Among non-invasive spectroscopic techniques, one able to provide holistic and highly resolved chemical information in-vivo is nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)2,3. For its renowned informative power and ability to foster discoveries and life-saving applications4,5, efficient NMR at microscopic scales is highly sought after6–10, but so far technical limitations could not match the stringent necessities of microbiology, such as biocompatible handling, ease of use, and high throughput. Here we introduce a novel microsystem, which combines CMOS technology with 3D microfabrication, enabling nL NMR as a platform tool for non-invasive spectroscopy of organoids, 3D cell cultures, and early stage embryos. In this study we show its application to microlivers models simulating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), demonstrating detection of lipid metabolism dynamics in a time frame of 14 days based on 117 measurements of single 3D human liver microtissues.

scholarly journals Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes: Response Mechanisms, Transducer Materials and Wearable Sensors

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Lyu ◽  
Shiyu Gan ◽  
Yu Bao ◽  
Lijie Zhong ◽  
Jianan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Double Layer Capacitance ◽  
Solid Contact ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Potential Stability ◽  
Electric Double Layer Capacitance ◽  
Redox Capacitance

Wearable sensors based on solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) are currently attracting intensive attention in monitoring human health conditions through real-time and non-invasive analysis of ions in biological fluids. SC-ISEs have gone through a revolution with improvements in potential stability and reproducibility. The introduction of new transducing materials, the understanding of theoretical potentiometric responses, and wearable applications greatly facilitate SC-ISEs. We review recent advances in SC-ISEs including the response mechanism (redox capacitance and electric-double-layer capacitance mechanisms) and crucial solid transducer materials (conducting polymers, carbon and other nanomaterials) and applications in wearable sensors. At the end of the review we illustrate the existing challenges and prospects for future SC-ISEs. We expect this review to provide readers with a general picture of SC-ISEs and appeal to further establishing protocols for evaluating SC-ISEs and accelerating commercial wearable sensors for clinical diagnosis and family practice.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Autonomic Response to Cognitive and Sensory Stimulations through Wearable Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 4661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Tonacci ◽  
Lucia Billeci ◽  
Elisa Burrai ◽  
Francesco Sansone ◽  
Raffaele Conte
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Cognitive Stress ◽  
Similar Decrease

Psychological stress is known to activate the autonomic nervous system (ANS), thus representing a useful target to be monitored to understand the physiological, unconscious effect of stress on the human body. However, little is known about how differently the ANS responds to cognitive and sensory stimulations in healthy subjects. To this extent, we enrolled 23 subjects and administered a stress protocol consisting of the administration of sensory (olfactory) and cognitive (mathematical) stressors. Autonomic parameters were unobtrusively monitored through wearable sensors for capturing electrocardiogram and skin conductance signals. The results obtained demonstrated an increase of the heart rate during both stress protocols, with a similar decrease of the heart rate variability. Cognitive stress test appears to affect the autonomic parameters to a greater extent, confirming its effects on the human body. However, olfactory stimulation could be useful to study stress in specific experimental settings when the administration of complex cognitive testing is not feasible.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document