scholarly journals Components in Lentinus edodes mushroom with anti-biofilm activity directed against bacteria involved in caries and gingivitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 3489-3499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Papetti ◽  
Caterina Signoretto ◽  
David A. Spratt ◽  
Jonathan Pratten ◽  
Peter Lingström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Lentinus Edodes ◽  
Oral Pathogens

The present study investigated the compounds present in the low molecular mass fraction of Lentinus edodes mushroom (shiitake) extract and their anti-virulence activity against oral pathogens.

scholarly journals Effect of diosgenin on biliary cholesterol transport in the rat

1993 ◽  
Vol 291 (3) ◽  
pp. 793-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Thewles ◽  
R A Parslow ◽  
R Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Biliary Cholesterol ◽  
Lower Molecular Mass ◽  
Salt Depletion

Biliary cholesterol output in rats was stimulated over 3-fold by feeding diosgenin for 5 days, whereas biliary outputs of phospholipid and bile salts were not changed by diosgenin feeding. Isolating and perfusing the liver without bile salts resulted in a rapid and substantial decrease in biliary bile salt output; bile salt depletion abolished the diosgenin-induced increment in biliary cholesterol output, showing that the diosgenin-elevated biliary cholesterol output was bile-salt-dependent. Diosgenin treatment also produced a significant decrease in biliary alkaline phosphodiesterase I. Fresh bile obtained from control and diosgenin-fed rats was subjected to gel-permeation chromatography in order to separate different-sized biliary cholesterol carriers. Two major peaks of cholesterol were eluted, with cholesterol also being eluted between the peaks. The cholesterol peak eluted at the lower molecular mass (20-30 kDa) was observed in all bile samples. The higher-molecular-mass peak, which was eluted at the void volume, was not observed in all biles; control biles contained very little high-molecular-mass form of cholesterol, whereas biles from the diosgenin group contained up to 47% of cholesterol in the high-molecular-mass fraction. Diosgenin treatment produced a range of elevated biliary cholesterol values which positively correlated with the proportion of cholesterol contained in the high-molecular-mass fraction (r = 0.98). The results show that diosgenin induced a marked bile-salt-dependent increase in biliary cholesterol output and a shift in biliary cholesterol transport to higher-molecular-mass structures.

scholarly journals ATPase activity associated with the magnesium chelatase H-subunit of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway is an artefact

2006 ◽  
Vol 400 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Sirijovski ◽  
Ulf Olsson ◽  
Joakim Lundqvist ◽  
Salam Al-Karadaghi ◽  
Robert D. Willows ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Rhodobacter Capsulatus ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Magnesium Chelatase ◽  
Ring Complex

Magnesium chelatase inserts Mg2+ into protoporphyrin IX and is the first unique enzyme of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. It is a heterotrimeric enzyme, composed of I- (40 kDa), D- (70 kDa) and H- (140 kDa) subunits. The I- and D-proteins belong to the family of AAA+ (ATPases associated with various cellular activities), but only I-subunit hydrolyses ATP to ADP. The D-subunits provide a platform for the assembly of the I-subunits, which results in a two-tiered hexameric ring complex. However, the D-subunits are unstable in the chloroplast unless ATPase active I-subunits are present. The H-subunit binds protoporphyrin and is suggested to be the catalytic subunit. Previous studies have indicated that the H-subunit also has ATPase activity, which is in accordance with an earlier suggested two-stage mechanism of the reaction. In the present study, we demonstrate that gel filtration chromatography of affinity-purified Rhodobacter capsulatus H-subunit produced in Escherichia coli generates a high- and a low-molecular-mass fraction. Both fractions were dominated by the H-subunit, but the ATPase activity was only found in the high-molecular-mass fraction and magnesium chelatase activity was only associated with the low-molecular-mass fraction. We demonstrated that light converted monomeric low-molecular-mass H-subunit into high-molecular-mass aggregates. We conclude that ATP utilization by magnesium chelatase is solely connected to the I-subunit and suggest that a contaminating E. coli protein, which binds to aggregates of the H-subunit, caused the previously reported ATPase activity of the H-subunit.

Biodegradation of crystal violet by low molecular mass fraction secreted by fungus

2009 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keliang Yan ◽  
Hongxun Wang ◽  
Xiaoyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Mass Fraction

scholarly journals Suppression of hypernodulation in soybean by a leaf-extracted, NARK- and Nod factor-dependent, low molecular mass fraction

2010 ◽  
Vol 185 (4) ◽  
pp. 1074-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsiang Lin ◽  
Brett J. Ferguson ◽  
Attila Kereszt ◽  
Peter M. Gresshoff
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Nod Factor

The main products of the low molecular mass fraction in the venom of the spider Latrodectus menavodi

Toxicon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Horni ◽  
Dirk Weickmann ◽  
Manfred Hesse
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Mass Fraction

scholarly journals Testing a Low Molecular Mass Fraction of a Mushroom (Lentinus edodes) Extract Formulated as an Oral Rinse in a Cohort of Volunteers

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Signoretto ◽  
Gloria Burlacchini ◽  
Anna Marchi ◽  
Marcello Grillenzoni ◽  
Giacomo Cavalleri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Mushroom Extract ◽  
Oral Rinse ◽  
Oral Pathogens

Although foods are considered enhancing factors for dental caries and periodontitis, laboratory researches indicate that several foods and beverages contain components endowed with antimicrobial and antiplaque activities. A low molecular mass (LMM) fraction of an aqueous mushroom extract has been found to exert these activities inin vitroexperiments against potential oral pathogens. We therefore conducted a clinical trial in which we tested an LMM fraction of shiitake mushroom extract formulated in a mouthrinse in 30 young volunteers, comparing the results with those obtained in two identical cohorts, one of which received water (placebo) and the other Listerine. Plaque index, gingival index and bacterial counts in plaque samples were determined in all volunteers over the 11 days of the clinical trial. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were obtained for the plaque index on day 12 in subjects treated with mushroom versus placebo, while for the gingival index significant differences were found for both mushroom versus placebo and mushroom versus Listerine. Decreases in total bacterial counts and in counts of specific oral pathogens were observed for both mushroom extract and Listerine in comparison with placebo. The data suggest that a mushroom extract may prove beneficial in controlling dental caries and/or gingivitis/periodontitis.

scholarly journals Partial Characterization of a Low-Molecular-Mass Fraction with Cryoprotectant Activity from Jumbo Squid (Dosidicus gigas) Mantle Muscle

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Andrés Álvarez-Armenta ◽  
Ramón Pacheco-Aguilar ◽  
Juan Carlos Ramírez-Suárez ◽  
Susana María Scheuren-Acevedo ◽  
Enrique Márquez-Ríos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Protein Functionality ◽  
Dosidicus Gigas ◽  
Jumbo Squid

Freezing conditions affect fish muscle protein functionality due to its denaturation/aggregation. However, jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) muscle protein functionality remains stable even after freezing, probably due to the presence of low-molecular-mass compounds (LMMC) as cryoprotectants. Thus, water-soluble LMMC (<1 kDa) fraction obtained from jumbo squid muscle was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. From its spectra, total carbohydrates, free monosaccharides, free amino acids and ammonium chloride were determined. Cryoprotectant capacity and protein cryostability conferred by LMMC were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Fraction partial characterization showed that the main components are free amino acids (18.84 mg/g), carbohydrates (67.1 µg/mg) such as monosaccharides (51.1 µg/mg of glucose, fucose and arabinose in total) and ammonium chloride (220.4 µg/mg). Arginine, sarcosine and taurine were the main amino acids in the fraction. LMMC, at the mass fraction present in jumbo squid muscle, lowered the water freezing point to –1.2 °C, inhibiting recrystallization at 0.66 °C. Significant myofibrillar protein stabilization by LMMC was observed after a freeze-thaw cycle compared to control (muscle after extraction of LMMC), proving the effectiveness on jumbo squid protein muscle cryo- stability. Osmolytes in LMMC fraction inhibited protein denaturation/aggregation and ice recrystallization, maintaining the muscle structure stable under freezing conditions. LMMC conferred protein cryostability even at the very low mass fraction in the muscle.

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