Kiwifruit actinidin digests salivary amylase but not gastric lipase

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3339-3345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Martin ◽  
Sarah B. Cordiner ◽  
Tony K. McGhie
Keyword(s):  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Gastric Lipase

Kiwifruit actinidin rapidly digests human salivary amylase: will this lower the glycaemic index when starch and kiwifruit are consumed together?

Salivary amylase as a marker of increasing physiological stress during a 5-mile treadmill road march

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ava J. Walker ◽  
Heidi L. Bolgren ◽  
Kathryn G. Nichols ◽  
Arthur S. Leon ◽  
Peter A. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Salivary Amylase

Metformin treatment with or without life style changes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (16) ◽  
pp. 628-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyula Petrányi ◽  
Mária Zaoura-Petrányi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Life Style Changes

Treatment with metformin three times 500 mg daily had been advised since 2002, to patients suffering from the polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed by the Rotterdam criteria and who did not want to take contraceptive pills. More recently, life style changes have also been introduced to treatment recommendation: increased physical activity, low glycaemic index diet; also with calorie restriction for the obese patients. Aim: To assess the efficacy of the two treatment forms on clinical symptoms of the disease. Method: The metformin only historical control group (metformin monotherapy) consisted of 27 patients between the ages from 18 to 39 years (mean 29 years); to which was the age-matched metformin and life style changes group (triple basal therapy) of 29 patients compared. The following parameters were registered at the beginning and the end of a six-month treatment period: global acne score, Ferriman-Gallwey hirsutism score, body mass index, waist-to-hip circumference ratio, and menstrual cycles. Results: By the end of the treatment period, both acne and hirsutism scores improved significantly in both treatment groups (P<0.001); the improvements did not differ between them: acne 8.6±5.7 vs. 9.2±5.9 (P = 0.70); hirsutism 2.5±2.0 vs. 2.6±1.6 (P = 0.83). Body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio remained practically unchanged in the metformin only group: 0.26±1.0 kg/m2 (P = 0.21) and 0.001±0.02 (P = 0.71). Body mass index decreased in the triple therapy group by 0.91±1.1 kg/m2 (P<0.001); and waist-to-hip ratio by 0.019±0.03 (P<0.001). The decrease of the body mass index was more remarkable in overweight patients: 1.10±1.26 kg/m2 (P = 0.002) vs. 0.64±0.88 kg/m2 (P = 0.03) in lean patients. Recommendation on life style changes with metformin did not show further improvement of hyperandrogenic symptoms in comparison to metformin alone but the combined therapy diminished body size indexes. Conclusion: Authors recommend the triple basal treatment consisting of metformin, physical exercise and low glycaemic index diet to their patients with polycystic ovary syndrome for assessment of its long-term efficacy. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 628–632.

Phytochemical analysis and salivary amylase inhibition activities of Carica papaya leaf and Garcinia mangostana pericarp extracts and partially purified fractions

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Michael Russelle Alvarez ◽  
Paolo Robert Bueno ◽  
Raymond Oliver Cruz ◽  
Richard Macapulay ◽  
Francis Jayson Vallesfin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Plant-derived digestive enzyme inhibitors particularly those targeted to carbohydrate metabolism has been the focus of recent studies as natural supplements for weight control and diabetes. The present study explores the salivary amylase inhibition activity of Garcinia mangostana (Linn.) pericarp extracts and Carica papaya (Linn.) leaf extracts and fractions, as well as perform phytochemical screening and quantification, and thin layer – and high performance liquid chromatographic profiling. ­Results show that crude extracts and purified fractions were able to inhibit salivary amylase, with C. papaya fraction 1 being the most active at 30.89% inhibition. Phytochemical screening of all extracts tested ­positive for tannins, glycosides, phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids. Quantification of phenolics showed that extracts contained high levels of phenolics, with C. papaya crude extract having the highest content with 219.0±12.7 mg GAE/g extract followed by G. mangostana crude extract with 247.1±18.0 mg GAE/g extract. Quantification of total flavonoids also showed C. papaya crude extract to contain the highest content with 55.12±0.679 mg QE/g extract. All extracts contained negligible alkaloid content, though. HPLC and TLC profiling showed several peaks and bands, when viewed in 210 nm and UV light, respectively. These results demonstrate in vitro the salivary amylase inhibitory activity of both plants and their potential as antidiabetic drug candidates; however, further studies need to be done, like isolation and structure elucidation of active components and toxicity assays. Keywords: Amylase inhibition, phytochemical quantification, Carica papaya, Garcinia mangostana

Glycaemic responses to glucose and rice in people of Chinese and European ethnicity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kataoka ◽  
BJ Venn ◽  
SM Williams ◽  
Lisa Te Morenga ◽  
IM Heemels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Postprandial Glycaemia ◽  
Adjusted Risk Ratio ◽  
Glucose Curve

Aims: Diabetes rates are especially high in China. Risk of Type 2 diabetes increases with high intakes of white rice, a staple food of Chinese people. Ethnic differences in postprandial glycaemia have been reported. We compared glycaemic responses to glucose and five rice varieties in people of European and Chinese ethnicity and examined possible determinants of ethnic differences in postprandial glycaemia. Methods: Self-identified Chinese (n = 32) and European (n = 31) healthy volunteers attended on eight occasions for studies following ingestion of glucose and jasmine, basmati, brown, Doongara® and parboiled rice. In addition to measuring glycaemic response, we investigated physical activity levels, extent of chewing of rice and salivary α-amylase activity to determine whether these measures explained any differences in postprandial glycaemia. Results: Glycaemic response, measured by incremental area under the glucose curve, was over 60% greater for the five rice varieties (P < 0.001) and 39% greater for glucose (P < 0.004) amongst Chinese compared with Europeans. The calculated glycaemic index was approximately 20% greater for rice varieties other than basmati (P = 0.01 to 0.05). Ethnicity [adjusted risk ratio 1.4 (1.2-1.8) P < 0.001] and rice variety were the only important determinants of incremental area under the glucose curve. Conclusions: Glycaemic responses following ingestion of glucose and several rice varieties are appreciably greater in Chinese compared with Europeans, suggesting the need to review recommendations regarding dietary carbohydrate amongst rice-eating populations at high risk of diabetes. © 2012 Diabetes UK.

Methods for the Quantification of Salivary Cortisol and of a-amylase in Biosensors and Portable Devices

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2857-2859
Author(s):  
Cristina Mihaela Ghiciuc ◽  
Andreea Silvana Szalontay ◽  
Luminita Radulescu ◽  
Sebastian Cozma ◽  
Catalina Elena Lupusoru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Salivary Amylase ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

There is an increasing interest in the analysis of salivary biomarkers for medical practice. The objective of this article was to identify the specificity and sensitivity of quantification methods used in biosensors or portable devices for the determination of salivary cortisol and salivary a-amylase. There are no biosensors and portable devices for salivary amylase and cortisol that are used on a large scale in clinical studies. These devices would be useful in assessing more real-time psychological research in the future.

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