scholarly journals The microbial colonization of activated carbon block point-of-use (PoU) filters with and without chlorinated phenol disinfection by-products

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Chen Wu ◽  
Sudeshna Ghosh ◽  
Kelly J. Martin ◽  
Ameet J. Pinto ◽  
Vincent J. Denef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Absolute Abundance ◽  
Carbon Block ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Water Filters ◽  
By Products

Activated carbon based point-of-use drinking water filters change the bacterial community structure and increase the absolute abundance of genera, including those associated with opportunistic pathogens.

scholarly journals Bacterial transmission and colonization in activated carbon block (ACB) point-of-use (PoU) filters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Chen Wu ◽  
Nancy G. Love ◽  
Terese M. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Block ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Bacterial Transmission

Identifying the breakthrough pattern of drinking water bacteria through faucet-mounted activated carbon block filters at the point of use using abiotic microspheres and biotic surrogates, fluorescent-tagged E. coli and P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Under-Sink Activated Carbon Water Filters Effectively Remove Lead from Private Well Water for over Six Months

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3584
Author(s):  
Riley Mulhern ◽  
Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
The United States ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Minimal Data ◽  
Water Filters ◽  
Private Wells

Children who rely on private well water in the United States have been shown to be at greater risk of having elevated blood lead levels. Evidence-based solutions are needed to prevent drinking water lead exposure among private well users, but minimal data are available regarding the real-world effectiveness of available interventions like point-of-use water treatment for well water. In this study, under-sink activated carbon block water filters were tested for lead and other heavy metals removal in an eight-month longitudinal study in 17 homes relying on private wells. The device removed 98% of all influent lead for the entirety of the study, with all effluent lead levels less than 1 µg/L. Profile sampling in a subset of homes showed that the faucet fixture is a significant source of lead leaching where well water is corrosive. Flushing alone was not capable of reducing first-draw lead to levels below 1 µg/L, but the under-sink filter was found to increase the safety and effectiveness of faucet flushing. The results of this study can be used by individual well users and policymakers alike to improve decision-making around the use of under-sink point-of-use devices to prevent disproportionate lead exposures among private well users.

Investigation of opportunistic pathogens in municipal drinking water under different supply and treatment regimes

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pryor ◽  
S. Springthorpe ◽  
S. Riffard ◽  
T. Brooks ◽  
Y. Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Legionella Species ◽  
Biofilm Bacteria

Changing regulations to lower disinfectant byproducts in drinking water is forcing utilities to switch disinfection from chlorine to monochloramine. It is generally unknown whether this will impact positively or negatively on the microbiological quality of drinking water. A utility in Florida, using water with relatively high organic carbon levels from deep wells in several wellfields, made the decision to change its disinfection regime from chlorine to chloramine in order to meet the new regulations. To assess the impacts of such a change on the microbiology of its water supplies, it undertook a number of studies before and after the change. In particular, the presence of the opportunistic pathogens Legionella and Mycobacterium, and also the composition of drinking-water biofilms, were examined. A preliminary synthesis and summary of these results are presented here. Legionella species were widely distributed in source waters and in the distribution system when chlorine was the disinfectant. In some samples they seemed to be among the dominant biofilm bacteria. Following the change to monochloramine, legionellae were not detected in the distribution system during several months of survey; however, they remained detectable at point of use, although with less species diversity. A variety of mycobacteria (21 types) were widely distributed in the distribution system when chlorine was the disinfectant, but these seemed to increase in dominance after chloramination was instituted. At point of use, only four species of mycobacteria were detected. Other changes occurring with chloramination included (a) an altered biofilm composition, (b) increased numbers of total coliforms and heterotrophs and (c) nitrification of water storage tanks. The results suggested that consideration should be given to the microbiological effects of changing disinfection regimes in drinking-water and distribution system biofilms.

scholarly journals Safe drinking water: effect of granular activated carbon bed characteristics on iron removal from water

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Md Golam Rasul ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed ◽  
Md Iqbal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Effect ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Household Water ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Water Filters

<p>Tuning the characteristics of granular activated carbon bed (GAC-bed) in household water-filters would be a technique to maintain iron at the required-level in drinking water. In the present study the individual effects of the depth of GAC-bed and the size and porosity of GAC particles on the iron removing capacity are investigated experimentally. A spectrophotometer is used to measure iron-content in water. It is observed that iron removing capacity increases monotonically with the increase in bed-depth regardless of the size of GAC particles. It is also observed that the iron removing capacity decreases drastically with the increase in the size of GAC particles for any fixed bed-depth. Finally the porosity of GAC particles is found to affect the iron removing capacity. The higher the GAC porosity the higher is the iron removing capacity over the considered porosity-range. It is believed that the observations of present study would be useful in adjusting GAC-bed characteristics at the time of designing household water-filters to maintain iron at the required-level.</p><p>Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 18(2015) 1-5</p>

ACTIVATED CARBON AMENDED CERAMIC DRINKING WATER FILTERS FOR BENIN

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bradley Striebig ◽  
Sam Atwood ◽  
Blake Johnson ◽  
Ben Lemkau ◽  
James Shamrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Filters

scholarly journals Factors impacting adoption of point-of-use activated carbon faucet mount water filters

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Katner ◽  
Aubrey Gilliland ◽  
Jeannie Purchase ◽  
Susanne Straif Bourgeois ◽  
Victoria Peluso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Water Filters

scholarly journals Flax shive as a source of activated carbon for metals remediation

BioResources ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne E. Marshall ◽  
Lynda H. Wartelle ◽  
Danny E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Cation Exchange Resins ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Magnesium Removal ◽  
Water Filters

Flax shive constitutes about 70% of the flax stem and has limited use. Because shive is a lignocellulosic by-product, it can potentially be pyrolyzed and activated to produce an activated carbon. The objective of this study was to create an activated carbon from flax shive by chemical activation in order to achieve significant binding of selected divalent cations (cadmium, calcium, copper, magnesium, nickel, zinc). Shive carbons activated by exposure to phosphoric acid and com-pressed air showed greater binding of cadmium, copper, nickel or zinc than a sulfuric acid-activated flax shive carbon reported in the literature and a commercial, wood-based carbon. Uptake of calcium from a drinking water sample by the shive carbon was similar to commercial drinking water filters that contained cation exchange resins. Magnesium removal by the shive carbon was greater than a commercial drinking water filtration carbon but less than for filters containing cation exchange resins. The results indicate that chemically activated flax shive carbon shows considerable promise as a component in industrial and residential water filtration systems for removal of divalent cations.

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