Fluctuation enhancement of ion diffusivity in liquids

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (48) ◽  
pp. 32398-32403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim A. Orekhov
Keyword(s):  
Single Maximum ◽  
Liquid Solutions ◽  
Multiple Maxima ◽  
Ion Size

The diffusivity of ions in liquid solutions is known either to decrease with an increase in the ion size or to have a single maximum depending on the ion size. This article presents evidence for the appearance of multiple maxima and thus multiple ion sizes with enhanced diffusivity.

scholarly journals Ice-Fabric Study of the Mawson Region, East Antarctica

1969 ◽  
Vol 8 (53) ◽  
pp. 253-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kizaki
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Secondary Recrystallization ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Single Maximum ◽  
Multiple Maxima

Attempts are made to test the relation predicted by Brace (1960) between strain-rates and the ice-fabric patterns obtained at Mawson station, east Antarctica. These orientation fabrics not only are hardly related to the prediction by Brace (1960) or Kamb (1959) but also change easily within a strain grid with 100m diagonals.Stable patterns of two- and three-maximum fabrics are confirmed. The latter is common and stable in the coarse ice at the surface of the ice sheet. It is apparent that the fabric patterns are generally related to the grain-size. The single-maximum fabric always occurs in fine-grained ice, then more maxima are formed in the course of grain growth.It appears that syntectonic-secondary recrystallization is effective in producing the orientation fabrics with two, three and multiple maxima. Also, the maxima always shift away from the pole of foliation as grain-size increases and there are several stable positions of maximum such as 0°, 17°, 23° and 30°. It is expected that further stable angles would occur with coarser crystals as found in temperate glaciers.

scholarly journals Physical properties of the WAIS Divide ice core

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (224) ◽  
pp. 1181-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan J. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Donald E. Voigt ◽  
John M. Fegyveresi ◽  
Nathan T. Stevens ◽  
Matthew K. Spencer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
West Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
West Antarctic ◽  
Single Maximum ◽  
Multiple Maxima ◽  
Bubble Sizes ◽  
Bubble Number

AbstractThe WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) Divide deep ice core was recently completed to a total depth of 3405 m, ending 50 m above the bed. Investigation of the visual stratigraphy and grain characteristics indicates that the ice column at the drilling location is undisturbed by any large-scale overturning or discontinuity. The climate record developed from this core is therefore likely to be continuous and robust. Measured grain-growth rates, recrystallization characteristics, and grain-size response at climate transitions fit within current understanding. Significant impurity control on grain size is indicated from correlation analysis between impurity loading and grain size. Bubble-number densities and bubble sizes and shapes are presented through the full extent of the bubbly ice. Where bubble elongation is observed, the direction of elongation is preferentially parallel to the trace of the basal (0001) plane. Preferred crystallographic orientation of grains is present in the shallowest samples measured, and increases with depth, progressing to a vertical-girdle pattern that tightens to a vertical single-maximum fabric. This single-maximum fabric switches into multiple maxima as the grain size increases rapidly in the deepest, warmest ice. A strong dependence of the fabric on the impurity-mediated grain size is apparent in the deepest samples.

scholarly journals Ice-Fabric Study of the Mawson Region, East Antarctica

1969 ◽  
Vol 8 (53) ◽  
pp. 253-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kizaki
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Secondary Recrystallization ◽  
East Antarctica ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Single Maximum ◽  
Multiple Maxima

Attempts are made to test the relation predicted by Brace (1960) between strain-rates and the ice-fabric patterns obtained at Mawson station, east Antarctica. These orientation fabrics not only are hardly related to the prediction by Brace (1960) or Kamb (1959) but also change easily within a strain grid with 100m diagonals.Stable patterns of two- and three-maximum fabrics are confirmed. The latter is common and stable in the coarse ice at the surface of the ice sheet. It is apparent that the fabric patterns are generally related to the grain-size. The single-maximum fabric always occurs in fine-grained ice, then more maxima are formed in the course of grain growth.It appears that syntectonic-secondary recrystallization is effective in producing the orientation fabrics with two, three and multiple maxima. Also, the maxima always shift away from the pole of foliation as grain-size increases and there are several stable positions of maximum such as 0°, 17°, 23° and 30°. It is expected that further stable angles would occur with coarser crystals as found in temperate glaciers.

scholarly journals A comparison study of sodium ion- and potassium ion-modified graphitic carbon nitride for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (26) ◽  
pp. 15701-15709
Author(s):  
Siyu Hu ◽  
Anchi Yu ◽  
Rong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Graphitic Carbon ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Graphitic Carbon Nitride ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Optical And Electronic Properties ◽  
Ion Size

The ion size effect on graphitic carbon nitride is responsible for variations in its structure, optical and electronic properties, and hence the enhancement in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Ion Size Dependences of the Salting-Out Effect: Reversed Order of Sodium and Lithium Ions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Katsuto ◽  
Ryuichi Okamoto ◽  
Tomonari Sumi ◽  
Kenichiro Koga
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ions ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Ion Size ◽  
Reversed Order

EFFECT OF MEAN ION SIZE AND SPATIAL SPIN DISORDERS FOR (La1-xYx)2/3Ca1/3MnO3 MANGANITES

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (26) ◽  
pp. 3451-3464 ◽  
Author(s):  
JINCANG ZHANG ◽  
YUFENG ZHANG ◽  
SHIXUN CAO ◽  
CHAO JING
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Bond Angle ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Magnetic Studies ◽  
Metal Insulator Transition ◽  
Metal Insulator ◽  
Average Ionic Radius ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Ion Size

The structure and transport properties of perovskite ( La 1-x Y x)2/3 Ca 1/3 MnO 3 (0≤x≤0.3) systems are systematically investigated. It is found that all the specimens show a single-phase structure and reveal a direct relationship between the Curie temperature Tc and the average ionic radius <rA> of La site. With increasing Y 3+ doped content, the metal-insulator transition temperature T MI (M-I) shifts to lower temperature. While the relevant resistivity peak ρp is sharp increased, for the specimens with large doping content, x=0.3, it has enhanced eight orders of magnitudes larger than the non-doped samples (x=0.0). At high concentration area, that is to say, when x>0.1, magnetic studies show a gradual increase of antiferromagnetic interaction with an increase of x, ultimately leading to a spatial-spin disorders, that is, spin-glass-like state for x=0.2 and x=0.3 compounds at about 35 K. The results show that it has connected a reduction of Tc and an increase in magnetoresistance with a decrease in the microstructural Mn - O - Mn bond angle.

The formation of thymidine-based T-tetramers with remarkable structural and metal ion size effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1030-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Luo ◽  
Dayong Wu ◽  
Shixiong Liu ◽  
Daihua Tang ◽  
Yong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Effects ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ion Size
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