Direct examination of the relevance for folding, binding and electron transfer of a conserved protein folding intermediate

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (29) ◽  
pp. 19021-19031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Lamazares ◽  
Sonia Vega ◽  
Patricia Ferreira ◽  
Milagros Medina ◽  
Juan J. Galano-Frutos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Protein Folding ◽  
Protein Engineering ◽  
Folding Intermediate ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Folding Intermediates ◽  
P Protein

Protein engineering allows testing the role of conserved folding intermediates at the native basins of proteins.

Folding of peptides and proteins: role of disulfide bonds, recent developments

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Hidaka ◽  
Shigeru Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Mutant Proteins ◽  
Folding Intermediates ◽  
Peptide Chemistry ◽  
Recent Developments

AbstractDisulfide-containing proteins are ideal models for studies of protein folding as the folding intermediates can be observed, trapped, and separated by HPLC during the folding reaction. However, regulating or analyzing the structures of folding intermediates of peptides and proteins continues to be a difficult problem. Recently, the development of several techniques in peptide chemistry and biotechnology has resulted in the availability of some powerful tools for studying protein folding in the context of the structural analysis of native, mutant proteins, and folding intermediates. In this review, recent developments in the field of disulfide-coupled peptide and protein folding are discussed, from the viewpoint of chemical and biotechnological methods, such as analytical methods for the detection of disulfide pairings, chemical methods for disulfide bond formation between the defined Cys residues, and applications of diselenide bonds for the regulation of disulfide-coupled peptide and protein folding.

Kinetic and equilibrium folding intermediates

1995 ◽  
Vol 348 (1323) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Molten Globule ◽  
Low Dielectric Constant ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Folding Intermediate ◽  
Molten Globule State ◽  
Folding Intermediates ◽  
First Order ◽  
Low Dielectric ◽  
First Order Phase

Our recent experiments on the molten globule state and other protein folding intermediates lead to following conclusions: (i) the molten globule is separated by intramolecular first-order phase transitions from the native and unfolded states and therefore is a specific thermodynamic state of protein molecules; (ii) the novel equilibrium folding intermediate (the ‘pre-molten globule’ state) exists which can be similar to the ‘burst’ kinetic intermediate of protein folding; (iii) proteins denature and release their non-polar ligands at moderately low pH and moderately low dielectric constant, i.e. under conditions which may be related to those near membranes.

Role of native disulfide bonds in the structure and activity of insulin-like growth factor 1: Genetic models of protein-folding intermediates

Biochemistry ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (19) ◽  
pp. 5214-5221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Owers Narhi ◽  
Qing Xin Hua ◽  
Tsutomu Arakawa ◽  
G. Michael Fox ◽  
Larry Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Genetic Models ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Folding Intermediates ◽  
Structure And Activity

Pathway and stability of protein folding

1991 ◽  
Vol 332 (1263) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Protein Engineering ◽  
Hydrogen Exchange ◽  
Hydrophobic Core ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
Mutant Proteins ◽  
Folding Process ◽  
Β Sheet

We describe an experimental approach to the problem of protein folding and stability which measures interaction energies and maps structures of intermediates and transition states during the folding pathway. The strategy is based on two steps. First, protein engineering is used to remove interactions that stabilize defined positions in barnase, the RNAse from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens . The consequent changes in stability are measured from the changes in free energy of unfolding of the protien. Second, each mutation is used as a probe of the structure around the wild-type side chain during the folding process. Kinetic measurements are made on the folding and unfolding of wild-type and mutant proteins. The kinetic and thermodynamic data are combined and analysed to show the role of individual side chains in the stabilization of the folded, transition and intermediate states of the protein. The protein engineering experiments are corroborated by nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hydrogen exchange during the folding process. Folding is a multiphasic process in which α-helices and β-sheet are formed relatively early. Formation of the hydrophobic core by docking helix and sheet is (partly) rate determining. The final steps involve the forming of loops and the capping of the N-termini of helices.

Does the molten globule have a native-like tertiary fold?

1995 ◽  
Vol 348 (1323) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Molten Globule ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Structural Rearrangements ◽  
Chain Packing ◽  
Folding Intermediates ◽  
Final Structure ◽  
Helical Domain ◽  
Side Chain Packing

One of the mysteries in protein folding is how folding intermediates direct a protein to its unique final structure. To address this question, we have studied the molten globule formed by the α-helical domain of α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and demonstrated that it has a native-like tertiary fold, even in the absence of rigid, extensive side chain packing. These studies suggest that the role of molten globule intermediates in protein folding is to maintain an approximate native backbone topology while still allowing minor structural rearrangements to occur.

scholarly journals Conversion of Methanol on Rutile TiO2 (110) and Tungsten Oxide Clusters: 2. The Role of Defects and Electron Transfer in Bifunctional Oxidic Photocatalysts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Mohrhusen ◽  
Jessica Kräuter ◽  
Katharina Al-Shamery
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Tungsten Oxide ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Rutile Tio2 ◽  
Metal Oxide Surfaces

The photochemical conversion of organic compounds on tailored transition metal oxide surfaces by (UV) irradiation has found wide applications ranging from the production of chemicals to the degradation of organic...

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