Corrugated graphene layers for sea water desalination using capacitive deionization

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 8552-8562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhavi Dahanayaka ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Zhongqiao Hu ◽  
Zhong Chen ◽  
Adrian Wing-Keung Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Graphene Membrane

Graphene membrane corrugation highly enhances ion adsorption in the capacitive deionization process.

scholarly journals Towards Electrochemical Water Desalination Techniques: A Review on Capacitive Deionization, Membrane Capacitive Deionization and Flow Capacitive Deionization

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbenro Folaranmi ◽  
Mikhael Bechelany ◽  
Philippe Sistat ◽  
Marc Cretin ◽  
Francois Zaviska
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Solvated Ions ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Simple Potential

Electrochemical water desalination has been a major research area since the 1960s with the development of capacitive deionization technique. For the latter, its modus operandi lies in temporary salt ion adsorption when a simple potential difference (1.0–1.4 V) of about 1.2 V is supplied to the system to temporarily create an electric field that drives the ions to their different polarized poles and subsequently desorb these solvated ions when potential is switched off. Capacitive deionization targets/extracts the solutes instead of the solvent and thus consumes less energy and is highly effective for brackish water. This paper reviews Capacitive Deionization (mechanism of operation, sustainability, optimization processes, and shortcomings) with extension to its counterparts (Membrane Capacitive Deionization and Flow Capacitive Deionization).

scholarly journals Diffusion-bonded CNT carpets for fundamental CDI studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Enright ◽  
R. Mitchell ◽  
H. Mutha ◽  
C. Lv ◽  
M. Christiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitor ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Aqueous Electrolytes ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Multi Scale

ABSTRACTUncertainty about future energy and water supplies suggests a pressing need to develop efficient technologies for water desalination. Capacitive deionization (CDI), a method that captures ions in the electrical double layer (EDL) of an electrochemical capacitor, is a promising technology that can potentially fulfill those requirements. Similar to supercapacitors, ideal CDI electrodes should have a large electrolyte-accessible specific surface area available for ion adsorption with rapid charging/discharging characteristics. Unlike supercapacitors, CDI electrodes are required to operate in aqueous electrolytes with low ionic concentrations in a non-linear charging regime. To explore this practically and theoretically important regime, we developed robust, electrochemically-compatible carbon nanotube (CNT) carpet electrodes that posses a well-defined and uniform pore structure that is more readily analyzed in comparison to the random and multi-scale pore structure of typical carbon electrodes. The fabricated electrodes were characterized using cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic charging in aqueous NaCl solutions (no = 20 - 90 mM) using a three electrode setup. Examination of the CV and potentiostatically-measured capacitances were consistent with EDL behavior dictated by the Stern layer. However, some deviations from the expected behavior were observed with increasing salt concentration during potentiostatic testing.

scholarly journals Efficient Desalination of Brackish Ground Water via a Novel Capacitive Deionization Cell Using Nanoporous Activated Carbon Cloth Electrodes

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Laxman ◽  
M.T.Z Myint ◽  
M. Al Abri ◽  
L. Al-Gharibi ◽  
B. Al Namani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Activated Carbon Cloth ◽  
Nanoporous Activated Carbon

Sea water intrusion in ground water sources has made brackish water desalination a necessity in Oman. The application of capacitive deionization (CDI) for the deionization of ground water samples from wells in Al-Musanaah Wilayat is proposed and demonstrated. A CDI cell is fabricated using nanoporous activated carbon cloth (ACC) as the electrodes and is shown to be power efficient for desalting ground water samples with total dissolved solids (TDS) of up to 4,000 mg/l. The CDI cell was able to remove up to 73% of the ionic scaling and fouling contaminants from brackish water samples. The power consumption for deionization of brackish water was estimated to be 1 kWh/m3 of desalinated water, which is much lower than the power required to process water with equivalent TDS by the reverse osmosis processes. The CDI process is elaborated, and observations and analysis of the ion adsorption characteristics and electrical properties of the capacitive cell are elucidated.  

scholarly journals Study of the Ecological Footprint and Carbon Footprint in a Reverse Osmosis Sea Water Desalination Plant

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Federico Leon ◽  
Alejandro Ramos-Martin ◽  
Sebastian Ovidio Perez-Baez
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Negative Part ◽  
Desalination Plant ◽  
Materials Used

The water situation in the Canary Islands has been a historical problem that has been sought to be solved in various ways. After years of work, efforts have focused on desalination of seawater to provide safe water mainly to citizens, agriculture, and tourism. Due to the high demand in the Islands, the Canary Islands was a pioneering place in the world in desalination issues, allowing the improvement of the techniques and materials used. There are a wide variety of technologies for desalination water, but nowadays the most used is reverse osmosis. Desalination has a negative part, the energy costs of producing desalinated water are high. To this we add the peculiarities of the electricity generation system in the Canary Islands, which generates more emissions per unit of energy produced compared to the peninsular generation system. In this study we have selected a desalination plant located on the island of Tenerife, specifically in the municipality of Granadilla de Abona, and once its technical characteristics have been known, the ecological footprint has been calculated. To do this we have had to perform some calculations such as the capacity to fix carbon dioxide per hectare in the Canary Islands, as well as the total calculation of the emissions produced in the generation of energy to feed the desalination plant.

An electrodialysis sea water desalination system powered by photovoltaic cells

Desalination ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Kuroda ◽  
S. Takahashi ◽  
S. Kubota ◽  
K. Kikuchi ◽  
Y. Eguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Water Desalination
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