Silicon chemistry in zero to three dimensions: from dichlorosilylene to silafullerane

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1397-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Teichmann ◽  
M. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Silicon Chemistry

As one of the simplest examples of functionalized Si(ii) species, the SiCl2/[SiCl3]− system is not only fundamentally interesting, but also an important starting point for the assembly of oligosilane chains, rings, and clusters.

scholarly journals Developing A General Framework for National Health Information Network for Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1792
Author(s):  
Hamid Moghaddasi ◽  
Reza Rabiei ◽  
Farkhondeh Asadi ◽  
Ali Mohammadpour
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Information ◽  
National Health ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Health Information Systems ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Usa

Background: The National Health Information Network (NHIN) is one of the key issues in health information systems in any country. However, the development of this network should be based on an appropriate framework. Unfortunately, the conducted projects of health information systems in the Ministry of Health of Iran do not fully comply with the concept of NHIN. The present study was aimed to develop a general framework for NHIN in Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, in the first stage, the required information about the concept of the NHIN framework and related NHIN documents in the USA and the UK were collected based on a literature review. Then, according to the results of the first stage and with regards to the structure of the Iranian health system, a general framework for Iranian NHIN was proposed. The Delphi technique was conducted to verify the framework. Results: The proposed framework for Iranian NHIN includes three dimensions; components, principles, and architecture. Over 80% of experts have evaluated all three aspects of the framework at an acceptable scale. In total, the proposed framework has been evaluated by 83.8% of the experts at an acceptable scale. Conclusion: The proposed framework was expected to serve as the starting point for moving towards the design and creation of Iranian NHIN. At any rate, the framework could be criticized, and it could only be used for the countries whose health system is similar to the structure of the health system in Iran. [GMJ.2020;9:e1792]

Dimensional Quantification of Embedded Voids or Objects in Three Dimensions Using X-Ray Tomography

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Patterson ◽  
Juan P. Escobedo-Diaz ◽  
Darcie Dennis-Koller ◽  
Ellen Cerreta
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Individual Object ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Processing Steps

AbstractScientific digital imaging in three dimensions such as when using X-ray computed tomography offers a variety of ways to obtain, filter, and quantify data that can produce vastly different results. These opportunities, performed during image acquisition or during the data processing, can include filtering, cropping, and setting thresholds. Quantifying features in these images can be greatly affected by how the above operations are performed. For example, during binarization, setting the threshold too low or too high can change the number of objects as well as their measured diameter. Here, two facets of three-dimensional quantification are explored. The first will focus on investigating the question of how many voxels are needed within an object to have accurate geometric statistics that are due to the properties of the object and not an artifact of too few voxels. These statistics include but are not limited to percent of total volume, volume of the individual object, Feret shape, and surface area. Using simple cylinders as a starting point, various techniques for smoothing, filtering, and other processing steps can be investigated to aid in determining if they are appropriate for a specific desired statistic for a real dataset. The second area of investigation is the influence of post-processing, particularly segmentation, on measuring the damage statistics in high purity Cu. The most important parts of the pathways of processing are highlighted.

scholarly journals Measuring individuals’ concerns over collective privacy on social networking sites

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Jia ◽  
Heng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Starting Point

With the rise of social networking sites (SNSs), individuals not only disclose personal information but also share private information concerning others online. While shared information is co-constructed by self and others, personal and collective privacy boundaries become blurred. Thus there is an increasing concern over information privacy beyond the individual perspective. However, limited research has empirically examined if individuals are concerned about privacy loss not only of their own but their social ties’; nor is there an established instrument for measuring the collective aspect of individuals’ privacy concerns. In order to address this gap in existing literature, we propose a conceptual framework of individuals’ collective privacy concerns in the context of SNSs. Drawing on the Communication Privacy Management (CPM) theory (Petronio, 2002), we suggest three dimensions of collective privacy concerns, namely, collective information access, control and diffusion. This is followed by the development and empirical validation of a preliminary scale of SNS collective privacy concerns (SNSCPC). Structural model analyses confirm the three-dimensional conceptualization of SNSCPC and reveal antecedents of SNS users’ concerns over violations of the collective privacy boundaries. This paper serves as a starting point for theorizing privacy as a collective notion and for understanding online information disclosure as a result of social interaction and group influence.

scholarly journals Levels and Profiles of Functionality as Dimensions of University Quality: An Empirical Study of Universidad Complutense

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Arturo De la Orden Hoz ◽  
Inmaculada Asensio Muñoz ◽  
Chantal-María Biencinto López ◽  
Coral González Barberá ◽  
José Mafokozi Ndabishibije
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Systemic Model ◽  
Global Vision ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The University ◽  
University Quality ◽  
Function Profile

This study comes out as a step forward in a research line focused on validating empirically a systemic model of university quality. The article defines university quality in terms of three dimensions: functionality, effectiveness and efficiency. The focus of the article is on the analysis of the dimension of functionality as a starting point in the process of identifying and validating indicators for the evaluation of university quality. The core of the article integrates the presentation of the level and profile of functionality of the university for the total sample and for three audiences: faculty, students and employers. For each audience the study emphasizes the evaluation of the extent to which the university accomplishes its functions as a whole institution (level) and for each separate function (profile), as well as the differences among different strata of each audience. Finally, the study points out the differences in the profiles of functionality of the university observed by the different audiences, both as a whole institution and for each function. In the conclusions, a global vision of the level of functionality of the university, evaluated by the three audiences, is established.

scholarly journals Desenvolvimento de um protocolo de indicadores para avaliação nacional da capacidade de gestão da Assistência Farmacêutica na Atenção Primária à Saúde

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (78) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Baierle Faraco ◽  
Marina Matozo Rover ◽  
Mareni Rocha Farias ◽  
Silvana Nair Leite
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Pharmaceutical Services ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
National Database ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
Survey Results

Objetivo: Descrever as etapas da adaptação de um protocolo de indicadores para a avaliação da capacidade de gestão da Assistência Farmacêutica a partir das variáveis constantes em um banco de dados nacional. Métodos: Estudo sistemático por meio da convergência de um protocolo de indicadores de avaliação da capacidade de gestão da assistência farmacêutica a nível municipal com dados oriundos da Pesquisa Nacional de Acesso, Uso e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos, para elaboração de um protocolo de indicadores de abrangência nacional. Após a adaptação e análise preliminar do protocolo, um estudo de consenso foi realizado em duas etapas: consulta com especialistas e oficina de consenso. Na sequência foi realizado um teste de aplicabilidade do protocolo de indicadores com os dados disponíveis pela pesquisa nacional. Resultados: Entre os indicadores, 17 sofreram alterações e em seis foram alteradas as fontes de coleta de dados. Devido à ausência de informações necessárias para aplicar as medidas preconizadas, 16 indicadores foram excluídos do protocolo original. Ao final, o protocolo proposto foi composto por 30 indicadores organizados em três dimensões: Organizacional, Operacional e Sustentabilidade. Conclusão: Os resultados da validação da aplicabilidade dos indicadores, com base nos dados nacionais, asseguram a sensibilidade do novo protocolo de avaliação no contexto dos serviços farmacêuticos na atenção primária. O novo protocolo permite, assim, avaliar a capacidade de gestão da Assistência Farmacêutica em municípios brasileiros sem prejuízo das premissas que sustentaram o modelo original. O protocolo viabilizará avaliações futuras, sugerindo-se a possível institucionalização destes indicadores para monitoramento contínuo da Assistência Farmacêutica no Brasil. Os resultados deste processo podem ser adotados como ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento de indicadores de capacidade de gestão dos serviços farmacêuticos também em outros países.Palavras-Chave: Avaliação em Saúde, Gestão em Saúde, Assistência Farmacêutica, PNAUM Development of a protocol of indicators for national evaluation of the management capacity of Pharmaceutical Services in Primary Health CareABSTRACTObjective: To describe the stages of adaptation of an indicator protocol for the evaluation of Pharmaceutical Services management capacity from the variables in a national database. Methods: Systematic study through the convergence of a protocol of indicators of evaluation of the management capacity of pharmaceutical services at municipal level with data from the National Survey of Access, Use and Promotion of the Rational Use of Medicines, to elaborate a protocol of indicators. nationwide. After adaptation and preliminary analysis of the protocol, a consensus study was carried out in two steps: consultation with experts and consensus workshop. Subsequently, an applicability test of the indicator protocol was performed with data available from the national survey. Results: Among the indicators, 17 suffered alterations and in six the sources of data collection were altered. Due to the lack of information necessary to implement the recommended measures, 16 indicators were excluded from the original protocol. In the end, the proposed protocol was composed of 30 indicators organized in three dimensions: Organizational, Operational and Sustainability. Conclusions: The results of validating the applicability of the indicators, based on national data, ensure the sensitivity of the new assessment protocol in the context of pharmaceutical services in primary care. Thus, the new protocol allows us to evaluate the Pharmaceutical Services management capacity in Brazilian municipalities, without prejudice to the assumptions that supported the original model. The protocol will enable future evaluations, suggesting the possible institutionalization of these indicators for continuous monitoring of Pharmaceutical Services in Brazil. The results of this process can be taken as a starting point for the development of pharmaceutical services management capacity indicators also in other countries.KEYWORDS: Health Evaluation, Health Management, Pharmaceutical Services, PNAUM

scholarly journals Model of the Process of Preparing Annual Technical and Economic Plans in the Public Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz KUSTRA ◽  
Robert RANOSZ ◽  
Barbara KOWAL
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coal Production ◽  
Main Aspect ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Depth Interviews

The article analyzes the process of preparing annual technical and economic plans in the public sector, on the example of the mining industry. Qualitative methods in the form of in-depth interviews (IDIs) were used in the analysis, consisting in conducting extensive interviews concerning the analyzed issues with representatives of coal companies. According to the study, the main aspect in creating a TEP for the analyzed mining companies is coal production. Taking into account the market environment and the reality of Polish coal companies, it was concluded that the starting point for the development of the TEP should not be the coal production or the pursuit of maximizing output volumes, but the sales market and demand for the raw material offered by individual companies. Three dimensions of TEP planning were also proposed.

An Efficient 3D Segmentation Method for Spinal Canal Applied to CT Volume Sequence Data

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zimeras
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Organs At Risk ◽  
Linear Interpolation ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Boundary Tracing

With modern treatment planning techniques, the accurate definition of the target volume as well as the organs at risk is a crucial step for the treatment outcome. One of the key organs that must be protected during the irradiation treatment is the spinal canal. Nowadays, high resolution computed tomography (CT) data are required to perform accurate treatment planning, and there is demand for quick but accurate segmentation tools. In this work, a very simple approach that can accurately extract the spinal canal in three dimensions (3D) from CT images is presented. The user must define only the starting point for the algorithm, and the rest of the process is performed automatically. The core of the method is a boundary-tracing algorithm combined with linear interpolation techniques in the longitudinal (z) direction.

scholarly journals Sport in the time of transformation in Poland. Gdańsk case study

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Dobrosław Mańkowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Sports Club ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World

Various areas of social and economic life and their changes during the political transformation after 1989 have been studied and analyzed by Polish sociologists. It seems that one of the areas that has been left out and which constitutes a terra incognita is the world of sport.  As in other areas, individual and collective social actors who organized, managed or participated in the world of sport had to come to terms with the new social, economic and political order. That is why the transformation seen through their eyes and what they did, their motivations and ways of coping with changes are interesting and broaden our knowledge about the transformation period.  In the article, I present a fragment of my own research on the course and effects of political transformation, based on the example of a multi-sectional Workers’ Sports Club Stoczniowiec Gdańsk (currently GKS Stoczniowiec Gdańsk). I was interested in the struggles of people who organized sport, which they had to face in the period of transformation. I was interested in how they experienced the clash with the emerging new social order. What strategies they adopted in their organizational activities and their practices during the transformation. The case study is treated as a field study and a conceptual pilot study which is a starting point for further exploration. I used two methods: desk research (among others, press articles, club information, official data, statistical data were collected) and in-depth interviews (IDI) with social actors operating in the sports club. The analytical framework for the study consists of three dimensions of transformation, namely the economic, political and legal, and social ones. The theoretical foundations, on the other hand, are the perspectives of new institutionalism, especially the theory of fields by Fligstein and McAdam and the concept of deinstitutionalization by Christine Oliver.

NON-ABELIAN FLUX, LATTICE HOPPING, SPIN SYSTEMS, AND THE ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT

1991 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 529-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ZEE
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Electric Dipole Moment ◽  
Electric Dipole ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Flux Lattice ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
T Violation

It has been suggested that chiral spin state may serve as a starting point for a theory of superconductivity. Here we propose non-Abelian generalizations of the flux and chiral spin states in both two and three dimensions. In three dimensions, T violation may be manifest through the appearance of an electric dipole moment. We may naturally speculate that the T violation observed in particle physics may ultimately be connected to the opening and widening of mass gaps. In two dimensions, the effective long distance theory may include a non-Abelian Chern-Simons term.

scholarly journals Implementation of a High-Throughput Pilot Screen in Peptide Hydrogel-Based Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 714-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Worthington ◽  
Katherine M. Drake ◽  
Zhiqin Li ◽  
Andrew D. Napper ◽  
Darrin J. Pochan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
High Throughput Drug Screening ◽  
Cell Culture Systems ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Pediatric Brain ◽  
Dimensional Cell

Cell-based high-throughput drug screening (HTS) is a common starting point for the drug discovery and development process. Currently, there is a push to combine complex cell culture systems with HTS to provide more clinically applicable results. However, there are mechanistic requirements inherent to HTS as well as material limitations that make this integration challenging. Here, we used the peptide-based shear-thinning hydrogel MAX8 tagged with the RGDS sequence to create a synthetic extracellular scaffold to culture cells in three dimensions and showed a preliminary implementation of the scaffold within an automated HTS setup using a pilot drug screen targeting medulloblastoma, a pediatric brain cancer. A total of 2202 compounds were screened in the 384-well format against cells encapsulated in the hydrogel as well as cells growing on traditional two-dimensional (2D) plastic. Eighty-two compounds passed the first round of screening at a single point of concentration. Sixteen-point dose–response was done on those 82 compounds, of which 17 compounds were validated. Three-dimensional (3D) cell-based HTS could be a powerful screening tool that allows researchers to finely tune the cell microenvironment, getting more clinically applicable data as a result. Here, we have shown the successful integration of a peptide-based hydrogel into the high-throughput format.

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