Morphogenesis of cement hydrate

Resumo O osso é um tecido conjuntivo especializado, vascularizado e dinâmico que se modifica ao longo do organismo. Quando lesado, possui uma capacidade única de regeneração e reparação sem a presença de cicatrizes, mas em algumas situações devido tamanho do defeito ósseo não se regenera por completo. Assim, se faz necessária a realização de procedimentos de regeneração óssea guiada. Para isso, o implantodontista deve conhecer as bases biológicas da regeneração óssea guiada alveolar e suas indicações. Nesta revisão foram abordadas indicações, vantagens e tipos de biomateriais utilizados para preenchimento do alvéolo dentário imediatamente após a extração dentária sempre que o objetivo for à reabilitação através da instalação de implantes. Mesmo este, biomateriais, apresentando inúmeras qualidades, estudos ainda devem ser feitos a fim de obter a cada dia, um material sintético compatível com o tecido ósseo perdido em quantidades adequadas sem necessitar de cirurgias extra-bucais.ABSTRACT Bone is a specialized vascularized connective tissue that dynamic changes throughout the body. When injured, it has a unique ability to regenerate and repair without the presence of scars, but in some situations due to size of the bone defect does not regenerate completely. Thus, it is necessary to perform guided bone regeneration procedures. For this, the implant dentistry must know the biological bases of alveolar guided bone regeneration and its indications. In this review were addressed indications, advantages and types of biomaterials used for filling the tooth socket immediately after the tooth extraction whenever the goal is rehabilitation through implants installation. Even this, biomaterials, having several qualities, further studies must be done to obtain each day, a synthetic material compatible with the bone tissue lost in proper amounts without the need of extra-oral surgery.

Download Full-text

Synthetic material used for repair of tibia and fibula fracture in a tiger

Zoos Print Journal ◽

10.11609/jott.zpj.18.2.1027-8 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 1027-1028 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G.L. Ghosh ◽

J.C. Paul ◽

A. Biswas ◽

S.K. Nandi ◽

B.K. Biswas

Keyword(s):

Synthetic Material ◽

Fibula Fracture

Download Full-text

Improved Vancouver Raman Algorithm Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition for Denoising Biological Samples

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1177/0003702819860121 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 (12) ◽

pp. 1436-1450 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fabiola León-Bejarano ◽

Martin O. Méndez ◽

Miguel G. Ramírez-Elías ◽

Alfonso Alba

Keyword(s):

Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽

Raman Spectra ◽

Biological Samples ◽

Biological Material ◽

Noise Levels ◽

Synthetic Material ◽

High Noise ◽

Mode Decomposition ◽

Mean Filter ◽

The Mean

A novel method based on the Vancouver Raman algorithm (VRA) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for denoising Raman spectra of biological samples is presented. The VRA is one of the most used methods for denoising Raman spectroscopy and is composed of two main steps: signal filtering and polynomial fitting. However, the signal filtering step consists in a simple mean filter that could eliminate spectrum peaks with small intensities or merge relatively close spectrum peaks into one single peak. Thus, the result is often sensitive to the order of the mean filter, so the user must choose it carefully to obtain the expected result; this introduces subjectivity in the process. To overcome these disadvantages, we propose a new algorithm, namely the modified-VRA (mVRA) with the following improvements: (1) to replace the mean filter step by EMD as an adaptive parameter-free signal processing method; and (2) to automate the selection of polynomial degree. The denoising capabilities of VRA, EMD, and mVRA were compared in Raman spectra of artificial data based on Teflon material, synthetic material obtained from vitamin E and paracetamol, and biological material of human nails and mouse brain. The correlation coefficient (ρ) was used to compare the performance of the methods. For the artificial Raman spectra, the denoised signal obtained by mVRA ([Formula: see text]) outperforms VRA ([Formula: see text]) for moderate to high noise levels whereas mVRA outperformed EMD ([Formula: see text]) for high noise levels. On the other hand, when it comes to modeling the underlying fluorescence signal of the samples (i.e., the baseline trend), the proposed method mVRA showed consistent results ([Formula: see text]. For Raman spectra of synthetic material, good performance of the three methods ([Formula: see text] for VRA, [Formula: see text] for EMD, and [Formula: see text] for mVRA) was obtained. Finally, in the biological material, mVRA and VRA showed similar results ([Formula: see text] for VRA, [Formula: see text] for EMD, and [Formula: see text] for mVRA); however, mVRA retains valuable information corresponding to relevant Raman peaks with small amplitude. Thus, the application of EMD as a filter in the VRA method provides a good alternative for denoising biological Raman spectra, since the information of the Raman peaks is conserved and parameter tuning is not required. Simultaneously, EMD allows the baseline correction to be automated.

Download Full-text

The evolution of life cycle assessment in European policies over three decades

The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment ◽

10.1007/s11367-021-01893-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Serenella Sala ◽

Andrea Martino Amadei ◽

Antoine Beylot ◽

Fulvio Ardente

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Decision Support ◽

General Concept ◽

Life Cycle Thinking ◽

Environmental Footprint ◽

Science And Policy ◽

Policy Domain ◽

Trade Offs ◽

The Eu

Abstract Purpose Life cycle thinking (LCT) and life cycle assessment (LCA) are increasingly considered pivotal concept and method for supporting sustainable transitions. LCA plays a relevant role in decision support, for the ambition of a holistic coverage of environmental dimensions and for the identification of hotspots, possible trade-offs, and burden shifting among life cycle stages or impact categories. These features are also relevant when the decision support is needed in policy domain. With a focus on EU policies, the present study explores the evolution and implementation of life cycle concepts and approaches over three decades. Methods Adopting an historical perspective, a review of current European Union (EU) legal acts and communications explicitly mentioning LCT, LCA, life cycle costing (LCC), and environmental footprint (the European Product and Organisation Environmental Footprint PEF/OEF) is performed, considering the timeframe from 1990 to 2020. The documents are categorised by year and according to their types (e.g. regulations, directives, communications) and based on the covered sectors (e.g. waste, energy, buildings). Documents for which life cycle concepts and approaches had a crucial role are identified, and a shortlist of these legal acts and communications is derived. Results and discussion Over the years, LCT and life cycle approaches have been increasingly mentioned in policy. From the Ecolabel Regulation of 1992, to the Green Deal in 2019, life cycle considerations are of particular interest in the EU. The present work analysed a total of 159 policies and 167 communications. While in some sectors (e.g. products, vehicles, and waste) life cycle concepts and approaches have been adopted with higher levels of prescriptiveness, implementation in other sectors (e.g. food and agriculture) is only at a preliminary stage. Moreover, life cycle (especially LCT) is frequently addressed and cited only as a general concept and in a rather generic manner. Additionally, more stringent and rigorous methods (LCA, PEF/OEF) are commonly cited only in view of future policy developments, even if a more mature interest in lifecycle is evident in recent policies. Conclusion The EU has been a frontrunner in the implementation of LCT/LCA in policies. However, despite a growing trend in this implementation, the development of new stringent and mandatory requirements related to life cycle is still relatively limited. In fact, there are still issues to be solved in the interface between science and policy making (such as verification and market surveillance) to ensure a wider implementation of LCT and LCA.

Download Full-text

Moving Consumers along the Innovation Adoption Curve: A New Approach to Accelerate the Shift toward a More Sustainable Diet

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084477 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4477

Author(s):

Antje Gonera ◽

Erik Svanes ◽

Annechen Bahr Bugge ◽

Malin Myrset Hatlebakk ◽

Katja-Maria Prexl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Of Innovation ◽

Food System ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Innovation Adoption ◽

Environmental Footprint ◽

New Approach ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Dietary Shift ◽

Research And Innovation ◽

Sustainable Diet

Unsustainable food production and consumption contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. Adopting a more plant-based diet has been identified as a necessary change toward a more sustainable food system. In response to the call for transdisciplinary research on the sustainability of food consumption, this exploratory study combined consumer science, nutrition and health, sustainability research, and innovation to develop a new approach that can accelerate the shift toward a more sustainable diet. Quantitative data on the eating habits and attitudes of 1785 consumers was combined with data on environmental impacts via a life cycle assessment for different consumer segments. We studied the sustainable dietary shift using the diffusion of innovation theory, as well as qualitative and quantitative approaches. We identified and characterized seven consumer segments and related habits and attitudes toward an increase in plant-based foods and meat reduction. The nutritional quality and the environmental footprint of the segments’ dinners showed large differences. The results indicate that moving consumers along the innovation adoption curve with targeted interventions can reduce the environmental footprint of people’s diets and improve dietary health. We also discussed the value of user-centric innovation tools for the translation of insights into interventions by working with personas.

Download Full-text