Moisture induced isotopic carbon dioxide trapping from ambient air

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (20) ◽  
pp. 7632-7640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sankar Das ◽  
Chiranjit Ghosh ◽  
Subhra Jana
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Solid Adsorbents

Clay based solid adsorbents comprised of several viable amines have been developed to capture isotopic CO2 from the ambient air, keeping an eye on the moisture induced CO2 adsorption.

scholarly journals Early Growth of Muskmelon in Mulched Minitunnels Containing a Thermal Water Tube. I. Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in the Tunnel

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahrurrozi Aziz ◽  
Katrine A. Stewart ◽  
Sylvie Jenni
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Production System ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Water Tube ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations

Temperature modification is the most investigated environmental factor considered to affect muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. Reticulatus Group) growth in a mulched minitunnel production system. Until now, effects on CO2 concentrations within the tunnel have been ignored. Experiments on production of `Earligold' netted muskmelon were conducted in 1997, 1998, and 1999 to determine daily CO2 concentrations for 10 mulched minitunnel and thermal water tube combinations. Carbon dioxide concentrations under nonperforated (clear or infrared-blocking polyethylene) tunnels were significantly higher (three to four times) than that of ambient air. Soil respiration under the plastic mulch was primarily responsible for increased CO2 levels in the tunnel. Daily CO2 concentrations in the tunnels varied little during early muskmelon growth, but fluctuated widely as the plants developed. Ventilation significantly decreased CO2 concentrations in the tunnels but levels remained significantly above the control and perforated tunnel treatments. When using mulched minitunnels for muskmelon production, daily CO2 concentrations should be recognized as a significant factor influencing growth.

scholarly journals DESIGN OF A 1 MWTH SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE PRIMARY HEAT EXCHANGER TEST SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Matthew Carlson ◽  
Francisco Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Test System ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Abstract A new generation of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) technologies is under development to provide dispatchable renewable power generation and reduce the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) to 6 cents/kWh by leveraging heat transfer fluids (HTF) capable of operation at higher temperatures and coupling with higher efficiency power conversion cycles. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has funded three pathways for Generation 3 CSP (Gen3CSP) technology development to leverage solid, liquid, and gaseous HTFs to transfer heat to a supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) Brayton cycle. This paper presents the design and off-design capabilities of a 1 MWth sCO2 test system that can provide sCO2 coolant to the primary heat exchangers (PHX) coupling the high-temperature HTFs to the sCO2 working fluid of the power cycle. This system will demonstrate design, performance, lifetime, and operability at a scale relevant to commercial CSP. A dense-phase high pressure canned motor pump is used to supply up to 5.3 kg/s of sCO2 flow to the primary heat exchanger at pressures up to 250 bar and temperatures up to 715 °C with ambient air as the ultimate heat sink. Key component requirements for this system are presented in this paper.

A recording porometer with detachable cups operating on four separate leaves

1962 ◽  
Vol 156 (962) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Stomatal Behaviour ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Experimental Treatments

A new form of recording resistance porometer is described which enables records of stomatal behaviour to be obtained concurrently from four different leaves; the porometer cups are automatically detached between readings, exposing the leaf surfaces to the ambient air in order to avoid artifacts due to changes in carbon dioxide concentration. The readings are recorded for the four leaves seriatim , the cup for each remaining attached for 3 min out of every ½ h. The results of several of the preliminary experiments carried out to test the new instrument are presented: 1. Continuous records for periods up to 6 days appear to have no serious effect on the functioning of the stomata under normal conditions. With Taraxacum officinale slightly greater stomatal opening was recorded on the fifth day than on the first; for wheat a slight falling off occurred on the third and fourth days, possibly due to ageing of the leaves. 2. The stomata of similar leaves on different plants which have been subjected throughout to the same sequence of conditions show remarkable uniformity of behaviour at any one time; a great increase in the precision of comparisons of experimental treatments should thus be achieved by applying them to such leaves and recording the results concurrently. 3. Experiments with plants of T . officinale , wheat and Xanthium pennsylvanicum subjected to increasing water strain have shown a marked closing response to the process of taking a reading (which involves forcing air through the leaf). This closing response is first seen some time before visible wilting occurs and for X. pennsylvanicum has been shown to be mainly if not entirely due to a greatly increased sensitivity to carbon dioxide. The biological implica­tions of this are discussed. The stomata (e. g. of T. officinale ) may not re-open fully for 2 or 3 days after re-watering, when the plant is recovering from water strain, but the enhanced sensitivity to readings is only shown while water is actually in short supply, and not during the period of recovery.

STUDYING THE SUBLIMATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (37) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Evgeniy N. NEVEROV ◽  
Igor A. KOROTKIY ◽  
Elena V. KOROTKAYA ◽  
Aleksandr N. RASSHCHEPKIN
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sublimation Rate ◽  
Temperature Relation ◽  
Dry Ice ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
The Difference

Background: The utilization of dry ice in cooling and storage units requires adjusting the intensity of sublimation due to the requirements of prudently using CO2 to maintain preset thermal conditions. Aim: When designing a carbon dioxide cycle, it is essential to consider the influence of thermal gradients on the adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide. Methods: tests were conducted to study the production and sublimation of carbon dioxide. The testes were aimed to define the temperature relation of the dry ice sublimation period, the density of pressed СО2, and the humidity of the environment and concentration. Results and Discussion: According to the obtained test data, there was a linear relationship between the sublimation intensity and the ambient air temperature in the specified conditions. The effect of moisture condensation on the sublimation rate appeared weaker than expected, for the amount of moisture on the surface of the specimens was insignificant. The heat exchange was intensified by the fall of hoarfrost and the related surface expansion. However, much moisture froze out without reaching the dry ice surface, and the formed layer of ice formed a heat insulation surface, and the sublimation under that layer was less intensive. The direct influence of sublimation came from the pressure at which a specific specimen was formed; however, 75 kN pressure was optimal. Conclusion: Despite higher weight losses during the storage, the difference in spent energy is more critical than 90 kN. The factor no less important was the carbon dioxide storage temperature. The maximal sublimation time of a 55 g cylinder formed at 75 kN and stored at – 80°С was 135 hours, much higher than at similar parameters but at -60°С. That said, the amount of energy spent on operating a low-temperature chamber was almost identical.

scholarly journals Comparing the Use of High- to Low-Cost Black Carbon and Carbon Dioxide Sensors for Characterizing On-Road Diesel Truck Emissions

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6714
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Sugrue ◽  
Chelsea V. Preble ◽  
Thomas W. Kirchstetter
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The exhaust plume capture method is a commonly used approach to measure pollutants emitted by in-use heavy-duty diesel trucks. Lower cost sensors, if used in place of traditional research-grade analyzers, could enable wider application of this method, including use as a monitoring tool to identify high-emitting trucks that may warrant inspection and maintenance. However, low-cost sensors have for the most part only been evaluated under ambient conditions as opposed to source-influenced environments with rapidly changing pollutant concentrations. This study compared black carbon (BC) emission factors determined using different BC and carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors that range in cost from $200 to $20,000. Controlled laboratory experiments show that traditional zero and span steady-state calibration checks are not robust indicators of sensor performance when sampling short duration concentration peaks. Fleet BC emission factor distributions measured at two locations at the Port of Oakland in California with 16 BC/CO2 sensor pairs were similar, but unique sensor pairs identified different high-emitting trucks. At one location, the low-cost PP Systems SBA-5 agreed on the classification of 90% of the high emitters identified by the LI-COR LI-7000 when both were paired with the Magee Scientific AE33. Conversely, lower cost BC sensors when paired with the LI-7000 misclassified more than 50% of high emitters when compared to the AE33/LI-7000. Confidence in emission factor quantification and high-emitter identification improves with larger integrated peak areas of CO2 and especially BC. This work highlights that sensor evaluation should be conducted under application-specific conditions, whether that be for ambient air monitoring or source characterization.

Modeling Off-Design and Part-Load Performance of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycles

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Dyreby ◽  
Sanford A. Klein ◽  
Gregory F. Nellis ◽  
Douglas T. Reindl
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Heat Rejection ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Dry Cooling ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Continuing efforts to increase the efficiency of utility-scale electricity generation has resulted in considerable interest in Brayton cycles operating with supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2). One of the advantages of S-CO2 Brayton cycles, compared to the more traditional steam Rankine cycle, is that equal or greater thermal efficiencies can be realized using significantly smaller turbomachinery. Another advantage is that heat rejection is not limited by the saturation temperature of the working fluid, facilitating dry cooling of the cycle (i.e., the use of ambient air as the sole heat rejection medium). While dry cooling is especially advantageous for power generation in arid climates, the reduction in water consumption at any location is of growing interest due to likely tighter environmental regulations being enacted in the future. Daily and seasonal weather variations coupled with electric load variations means the plant will operate away from its design point the majority of the year. Models capable of predicting the off-design and part-load performance of S-CO2 power cycles are necessary for evaluating cycle configurations and turbomachinery designs. This paper presents a flexible modeling methodology capable of predicting the steady state performance of various S-CO2 cycle configurations for both design and off-design ambient conditions, including part-load plant operation. The models assume supercritical CO2 as the working fluid for both a simple recuperated Brayton cycle and a more complex recompression Brayton cycle.

Moisture Swing Sorbent for Carbon Dioxide Capture from Ambient Air

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (15) ◽  
pp. 6670-6675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wang ◽  
Klaus S. Lackner ◽  
Allen Wright
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽  
Ambient Air
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