scholarly journals Solvent modified spin crossover in an iron(iii) complex: phase changes and an exceptionally wide hysteresis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3949-3959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasinee Phonsri ◽  
Phimphaka Harding ◽  
Lujia Liu ◽  
Shane G. Telfer ◽  
Keith S. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spin Crossover ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Complex Phase ◽  
Wide Hysteresis ◽  
The Impact

The impact of solvent on spin crossover is explored with T1/2 varying by 200 K and hysteresis up to 80 K.

scholarly journals Photoinduced Phase Transition to a New Macroscopic Spin-Crossover-Complex Phase

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (13) ◽  
pp. 2886-2889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Tayagaki ◽  
Koichiro Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Spin Crossover ◽  
Complex Phase

Changes in fish populations affected by the construction of the La Grande complex (Phase I), James Bay region, Quebec

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1860-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude DesLandes ◽  
Sylvie Guénette ◽  
Yves Prairie ◽  
Réjean Fortin ◽  
Dominique Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Complex Phase ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Secondary Productivity ◽  
Longnose Sucker ◽  
The Impact

Catches per unit of effort (CPUE) with experimental gill nets, recruitment, growth, and condition were monitored between 1977 and 1992 to evaluate the impact of impoundment on the main fish species of La Grande 2, Opinaca, and Caniapiscau reservoirs and the Boyd–Sakami diversion. CPUE and recruitment of northern pike (Esox lucius) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) increased markedly at most stations after impoundment and decreased at the end of the series. The lake whitefish and cisco (Coregonus artedii) showed their most striking rise in CPUE at two bay stations of La Grande 2 and Opinaca reservoirs. CPUE and recruitment of the longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) (Caniapiscau) showed a general decrease following impoundment. CPUE for the walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) also decreased at several stations; however, the two most southerly stations in La Grande 2 reservoir and the Boyd–Sakami station showed high CPUE during the series. Concentration–redistribution phenomena explain part of the observed variations in CPUE. Correlation analyses showed that walleyes and white suckers were attracted to the warmer, more turbid stations, and that the high primary and secondary productivity of bay stations attracted the coregonines. Growth and condition of the main species increased during variable time intervals after impoundment and decreased at the end of the series.

An iron(ii) complex exhibiting five anhydrous phases, two of which interconvert by spin-crossover with wide hysteresis

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Roberts ◽  
Floriana Tuna ◽  
Tamsin L. Malkin ◽  
Colin A. Kilner ◽  
Malcolm A. Halcrow
Keyword(s):  
Spin Crossover ◽  
Wide Hysteresis

Hysteretic spin crossover driven by anion conformational change

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (70) ◽  
pp. 9801-9804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natnaree Phukkaphan ◽  
Dyanne L. Cruickshank ◽  
Keith S. Murray ◽  
Wasinee Phonsri ◽  
Phimphaka Harding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Change ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Spin Crossover ◽  
Wide Hysteresis

An air stable FeIII complex showing a wide hysteresis near room temperature is described. The origin of the cooperativity is an unprecedented anion conformational change.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Dinuclear Iron(II) Spin Crossover Complex with Wide Hysteresis

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (22) ◽  
pp. 10779-10787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Weber ◽  
Eike S. Kaps ◽  
Jaroslava Obel ◽  
Klaus Achterhold ◽  
Fritz G. Parak
Keyword(s):  
Spin Crossover ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Dinuclear Iron ◽  
Wide Hysteresis

scholarly journals Buoyancy statistics in moist turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection

2010 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 509-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
JÖRG SCHUMACHER ◽  
OLIVIER PAULUIS
Keyword(s):  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Boussinesq Approximation ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Bénard Convection ◽  
Benard Convection ◽  
Convection Layer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rayleigh Benard Convection ◽  
Rayleigh Benard

We study shallow moist Rayleigh–Bénard convection in the Boussinesq approximation in three-dimensional direct numerical simulations. The thermodynamics of phase changes is approximated by a piecewise linear equation of state close to the phase boundary. The impact of phase changes on the turbulent fluctuations and the transfer of buoyancy through the layer is discussed as a function of the Rayleigh number and the ability to form liquid water. The enhanced buoyancy flux due to phase changes is compared with dry convection reference cases and related to the cloud cover in the convection layer. This study indicates that the moist Rayleigh–Bénard problem offers a practical framework for the development and evaluation of parameterizations for atmospheric convection.

scholarly journals The influence of strain on image reconstruction in Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging and ptychography

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Kim ◽  
Markus Scholz ◽  
Anders Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Phase Retrieval ◽  
Superlattice Reflection ◽  
Antiphase Domain ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Domain Boundaries ◽  
Diffraction Imaging ◽  
Highly Strained ◽  
The Impact

A quantitative analysis of the effect of strain on phase retrieval in Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging is reported. It is shown in reconstruction simulations that the phase maps of objects with strong step-like phase changes are more precisely retrieved than the corresponding modulus values. The simulations suggest that the reconstruction precision for both phase and modulus can be improved by employing a modulus homogenization (MH) constraint. This approach was tested on experimental data from a highly strained Fe–Al crystal which also features antiphase domain boundaries yielding characteristic π phase shifts of the (001) superlattice reflection. The impact of MH is significant and this study outlines a successful method towards imaging of strong phase objects using the next generation of coherent X-ray sources, including X-ray free-electron lasers.

scholarly journals Elements of future snowpack modeling – part 2: A modular and extendable Eulerian–Lagrangian numerical scheme for coupled transport, phase changes and settling processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Simson ◽  
Henning Löwe ◽  
Julia Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Constitutive Law ◽  
Uniform Grid ◽  
Coupled Transport ◽  
Linear Processes ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. A coupled treatment of transport processes, phase changes and mechanical settling is the core of any detailed snowpack model. A key concept underlying the majority of models is the notion of layers as deforming material elements that carry the information on their physical state. Thereby an explicit numerical solution of the ice mass continuity equation can be circumvented, however at the downside of virtual no flexibility in implementing different coupling schemes for densification, phase changes and transport. As a remedy we consistently recast the numerical core of a snowpack model into an extendable Eulerian–Lagrangian framework for solving the coupled non-linear processes. In the proposed scheme, we explicitly solve the most general form of the ice mass balance using the method of characteristics, a Lagrangian method. The underlying coordinate transformation is employed to state a finite-difference formulation for the superimposed (vapor and heat) transport equations which are treated in their Eulerian form on a moving, spatially non-uniform grid that includes the snow surface as a free upper boundary. This formulation allows to unify the different existing view points of densification in snow or firn models in a flexible way and yields a stable coupling of the advection-dominated mechanical settling with the remaining equations. The flexibility of the scheme is demonstrated within several numerical experiments using a modular solver strategy. We focus on emerging heterogeneities in (two-layer) snowpacks, the coupling of (solid-vapor) phase changes with settling at layer interfaces and the impact of switching to a non-linear mechanical constitutive law. Lastly, we discuss the potential of the scheme for extensions like a dynamical equation for the surface mass balance or the coupling to liquid water flow.

scholarly journals Estimators of the Impact of Climate Change in Salt Weathering of Cultural Heritage

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Menéndez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Salt Weathering ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Impact

Changes induced by climate change in salt weathering of built cultural heritage are estimated in different ways, but generally as a function of phase changes phenomena of two common salts, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. We propose to use not only these salts, but also other common salts as calcium sulfate, or mixtures of chlorides, sulfates, and nitrates of sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium. Comparisons between the predicted changes in salt weathering obtained for single salts and for combinations of different salts are presented. We applied the proposed methodology to 41 locations uniformly distributed in France. The results show that estimations of actual and evolution of future weathering depend on the selected salt or combination of salts. According to our results, when using a combination of different salts, weathering evolution is less favorable (more damage in the future) than when using a single salt.

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