scholarly journals Towards scalable and controlled synthesis of metal–organic framework materials using continuous flow reactors

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Dunne ◽  
Edward Lester ◽  
Richard I. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Framework Materials ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactors

Continuous flow synthesis offers potential for large-scale production of metal–organic frameworks with control of composition and microstructure for practical applications.

scholarly journals Extensive Screening of Green Solvents for Safe and Sustainable UiO-66 Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diletta Morelli Venturi ◽  
Filippo Campana ◽  
Fabio Marmottini ◽  
Ferdinando Costantino ◽  
Luigi Vaccaro
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Color Code ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Metal Organic

<p>Zirconium based Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66 is to date considered one of the benchmark compound among stable MOFs and it has attracted a huge attention for its employment in many strategic applications. Large scale production of UiO-66 for industrial purposes requires the use of safe and green solvents, fulfilling the green chemistry principles and able to replace the use of <i>N,N</i>-Dimethyl-Formamide (DMF), which, despite its toxicity, is still considered the most efficient solvent for obtaining UiO-66 of high quality. Herein we report on a survey of about 40 different solvents with different polarity, boiling point and acidity, used for the laboratory scale synthesis of high quality UiO-66 crystals. The solvents were chosen according the European REACH Regulation 1907/2006 among those having low cost, low toxicity and fully biodegradable. Concerning MOF synthesis, the relevant parameters chosen for establishing the quality of the results obtained are the degree are the crystallinity, microporosity and specific surface area, yield and solvent recyclability. Taking into account also the chemical physical properties of all the solvents, a color code was assigned in order to give a final green assessment for the UiO-66 synthesis. Defectivity of the obtained products, the use of acidic modulators and the use of alternative Zr-salts have been also taken into consideration. Preliminary results lead to conclude that GVL (γ-valerolactone) is among the most promising solvents for replacing DMF in UiO-66 MOF synthesis. </p>

scholarly journals Extensive Screening of Green Solvents for Safe and Sustainable UiO-66 Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diletta Morelli Venturi ◽  
Filippo Campana ◽  
Fabio Marmottini ◽  
Ferdinando Costantino ◽  
Luigi Vaccaro
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Color Code ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Metal Organic

<p>Zirconium based Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66 is to date considered one of the benchmark compound among stable MOFs and it has attracted a huge attention for its employment in many strategic applications. Large scale production of UiO-66 for industrial purposes requires the use of safe and green solvents, fulfilling the green chemistry principles and able to replace the use of <i>N,N</i>-Dimethyl-Formamide (DMF), which, despite its toxicity, is still considered the most efficient solvent for obtaining UiO-66 of high quality. Herein we report on a survey of about 40 different solvents with different polarity, boiling point and acidity, used for the laboratory scale synthesis of high quality UiO-66 crystals. The solvents were chosen according the European REACH Regulation 1907/2006 among those having low cost, low toxicity and fully biodegradable. Concerning MOF synthesis, the relevant parameters chosen for establishing the quality of the results obtained are the degree are the crystallinity, microporosity and specific surface area, yield and solvent recyclability. Taking into account also the chemical physical properties of all the solvents, a color code was assigned in order to give a final green assessment for the UiO-66 synthesis. Defectivity of the obtained products, the use of acidic modulators and the use of alternative Zr-salts have been also taken into consideration. Preliminary results lead to conclude that GVL (γ-valerolactone) is among the most promising solvents for replacing DMF in UiO-66 MOF synthesis. </p>

Facile synthesis of an ultra-stable metal–organic framework with excellent acid and base resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nian Zhao ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Xin Mu ◽  
Chuanfang Liu ◽  
Fuxing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Organic Framework

A novel ultra-stable metal–organic framework, MCIF-1, [Cu2(DCI)2](MeCN), based on dicyanoimidazole and Cu(i), has been synthesized at room temperature successfully. MCIF-1 shows excellent water stability and can retain crystallinity after soaking in water for about one week. In addition, MCIF-1 also shows exceptional resistance under both acidic and basic conditions within a large pH range from 0 to 13.5. What is more, after modifying the synthesis procedure slightly, we can produce this material in a large scale during a very short time. Mild synthesis conditions, excellent stability and ease of large scale production give MCIF-1 great potential for practical use.

Mechanochemical synthesis of three-component metal-organic frameworks for large scale production

2021 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 122547
Author(s):  
Tong Gao ◽  
Hui-Juan Tang ◽  
Shu-Yi Zhang ◽  
Jian-Wei Cao ◽  
Yi-Nong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanochemical Synthesis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Metal Organic

scholarly journals A Green Approach for Highly Reduction of Graphene Oxide by Supercritical Fluid

2014 ◽  
Vol 1004-1005 ◽  
pp. 1013-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Yi Kong ◽  
Yuuki Shiratori ◽  
Takeshi Sako ◽  
Futoshi Iwata
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Reduced Graphene

A green method to synthesize the reduced graphene oxide using supercritical fluid has been developed, which is an environmentally friendly and efficient route. The reduced graphene oxide has been examined by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy. We have also studied the effects of reduction temperatures and supercritical fluids on the electrical properties of reduced graphene oxide. It was found that ethanol has higher reducing capability than CO2at all temperatures (200 - 400°C) examined in this study for graphene oxide reduction. As a result, reduced graphene oxide (6300 S/m) from supercritical ethanol treatment has 5 times as high conductivity as that from supercritical CO2treatment at the reduction temperature of 400°C. This green process is applicable for large scale production of reduced graphene oxides for various practical applications.

scholarly journals Metal-Organic Frameworks for Metal-Ion Batteries: Towards Scalability

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 20210304
Author(s):  
Semyon Bachinin ◽  
Venera Gilemkhanova ◽  
Maria Timofeeva ◽  
Yuliya Kenzhebayeva ◽  
Andrei Yankin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Science ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
And Storage

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), being a family of highly crystalline and porous materials, have attracted particular attention in material science due to their unprecedented chemical and structural tunability. Next to their application in gas adsorption, separation, and storage, MOFs also can be utilized for energy transfer and storage in batteries and supercapacitors. Based on recent studies, this review describes the latest developments about MOFs as structural elements of metal-ion battery with a focus on their industry-oriented and large-scale production.

scholarly journals Experimental Volumetric Hydrogen Uptake Determination at 77 K of Commercially Available Metal-Organic Framework Materials

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Jose A. Villajos
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Metal Organic

Storage is still limiting the implementation of hydrogen as an energy carrier to integrate the intermittent operation of renewable energy sources. Among different solutions to the currently used compressed or liquified hydrogen systems, physical adsorption at cryogenic temperature in porous materials is an attractive alternative due to its fast and reversible operation and the resulting reduction in storage pressure. The feasibility of cryoadsorption for hydrogen storage depends mainly on the performance of the used materials for the specific application, where metal-organic frameworks or MOFs are remarkable candidates. In this work, gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen uptakes at 77 K and up to 100 bar of commercially available MOFs were measured since these materials are made from relatively cheap and accessible building blocks. These materials also show relatively high porous properties and are currently near to large-scale production. The measuring device was calibrated at different room temperatures to calculate an average correction factor and standard deviation so that the correction deviation is included in the measurement error for better comparability with different measurements. The influence of measurement conditions was also studied, concluding that the available adsorbing area of material and the occupied volume of the sample are the most critical factors for a reproducible measurement, apart from the samples’ preparation before measurement. Finally, the actual volumetric storage density of the used powders was calculated by directly measuring their volume in the analysis cell, comparing that value with the maximum volumetric uptake considering the measured density of crystals. From this selection of commercial MOFs, the materials HKUST-1, PCN-250(Fe), MOF-177, and MOF-5 show true potential to fulfill a volumetric requirement of 40 g·L−1 on a material basis for hydrogen storage systems without further packing of the powders.

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