Towards the electrochemical diagnosis of cancer: nanomaterial-based immunosensors and cytosensors

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (113) ◽  
pp. 111831-111841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ülkü Anik ◽  
Suna Timur
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensors ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer

In this review, nanomaterial based electrochemical biosensors including electrochemical immunosensors and cytosensors towards cancer detection are covered.

A Survey on Deep Learning Techniques for Prognosis and Diagnosis of Cancer from Microarray Gene Expression Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 5078-5088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Shahane ◽  
Md. Ismail ◽  
C. S. R. Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Microarray Gene Expression Data ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Microarray Gene Expression ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Microarray Gene

The gene expression classification and identification from DNA microarray data is efficient technique for cancer diagnosis and prognosis for specific cancer subtypes. DNA microarray technology has great potential to discover information from expression levels of thousands of gene. The collection of significant genes which can improve the accuracy can give proper direction in early diagnosis of cancer. Cancer may be of different subtypes. Cancer detection from microarray gene expression data has major challenge of low sample size, high dimensionality and complexity of the data. There is a need for fast and computationally efficient method to deal with these kind of challenges. Deep Learning has succeeded in numerous fields such as image, video, speech, and text processing. Gene expression analysis is a unique challenge to Deep Learning for various cancer detection and prediction tasks in order to set specific biomarkers for different cancer subtypes. In this paper, we briefly discuss the strengths of different Deep Learning architectures for a cancer detection and prediction of various types of cancer through gene expression analysis.

scholarly journals Lung Cancer Detection using Nearest Neighbour Classifier

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 3641-3645
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Nearest Neighbour Classifier ◽  
Lung Cancer Detection

One of the most precarious diseases is lung cancer. Lung cancer detection is one of the main challenging dilemma nowadays. Most of the cancer cells are overlies with each other. It is tough to detect the cell but also important to identify the existence of cancer cells in the early stage unless unable to prevent. According to 2018 reports, 17 million new lung cancer cases are identified worldwide. The Computer Tomography can be used for diagnosis of cancer with image processing. In this research, we proposed two steps of process for diagnosing the presence of cancer either benign or malignant. In the first step, features are extracted by using GLCM. In the second step, the lung cancer cells are classified either benign or malignant by using Nearest Neighbour classifier. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed approach performance is 98.76% classification accuracy for diagnosing the lung cancer data.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF CANCER DETECTION

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 663-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAN H. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Detection ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Expected Cost ◽  
Predetermined Level ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Cost Equation

A statistical model is developed that describes the population of women who are given a cytologic screening test for cervical cancer. The model is used to determine false positive and false negative rates as a function of (a) the proportion of "positive" cells in women free from cancer and in those with cancer, (b) the number of cells examined and (c) the minimal number of positive cells for a diagnosis of cancer. The model allows estimation of the minimal number of cells that must be examined in order to reduce both the false positive and the false negative rates below some predetermined levels. An expected cost equation is derived which combines the costs of examining each cell with the costs for false positives and false negatives. It is shown how cancer detection can be optimized through the use of this cost equation. The method determines both the maximal permissible cost for examining each cell and the optimal number of cells to examine in order to reduce the over-all expected cost below some predetermined level.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Immunosensors with PQQ-Decorated Carbon Nanotubes as Signal Labels for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1757
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Ma ◽  
Dehua Deng ◽  
Ning Xia ◽  
Yuanqiang Hao ◽  
Lin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Electron Mediator ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensors ◽  
Sandwich Type

Nanocatalysts are a promising alternative to natural enzymes as the signal labels of electrochemical biosensors. However, the surface modification of nanocatalysts and sensor electrodes with recognition elements and blockers may form a barrier to direct electron transfer, thus limiting the application of nanocatalysts in electrochemical immunoassays. Electron mediators can accelerate the electron transfer between nanocatalysts and electrodes. Nevertheless, it is hard to simultaneously achieve fast electron exchange between nanocatalysts and redox mediators as well as substrates. This work presents a scheme for the design of electrochemical immunosensors with nanocatalysts as signal labels, in which pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is the redox-active center of the nanocatalyst. PQQ was decorated on the surface of carbon nanotubes to catalyze the electrochemical oxidation of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) with ferrocenylmethanol (FcM) as the electron mediator. With prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as the model analyte, the detection limit of the sandwich-type immunosensor was found to be 5 pg/mL. The keys to success for this scheme are the slow chemical reaction between TCEP and ferricinum ions, and the high turnover frequency between ferricinum ions, PQQ. and TCEP. This work should be valuable for designing of novel nanolabels and nanocatalytic schemes for electrochemical biosensors.

Special Feature — Cancer Research

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 651-660
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Early Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Genomic Platform ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
The Way

An Integrated Proteomic/Genomic Platform for Early Diagnosis of Cancer. Cancer Detection Using Biophotonics. Lovaxin C: Paving the Way for Listeria-based Cancer Vaccines.

scholarly journals Progress of Wearable and Flexible Electrochemical Biosensors With the Aid of Conductive Nanomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Raza ◽  
Lijun Qu ◽  
Waquar Ahmed Khokhar ◽  
Boakye Andrews ◽  
Afzal Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Electron Transfer Rate ◽  
Dna Biosensors ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modern Chemical ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Conductive Nanomaterials

Conductive nanomaterials have recently gained a lot of interest due to their excellent physical, chemical, and electrical properties, as well as their numerous nanoscale morphologies, which enable them to be fabricated into a wide range of modern chemical and biological sensors. This study focuses mainly on current applications based on conductive nanostructured materials. They are the key elements in preparing wearable electrochemical Biosensors, including electrochemical immunosensors and DNA biosensors. Conductive nanomaterials such as carbon (Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene), metals and conductive polymers, which provide a large effective surface area, fast electron transfer rate and high electrical conductivity, are summarized in detail. Conductive polymer nanocomposites in combination with carbon and metal nanoparticles have also been addressed to increase sensor performance. In conclusion, a section on current challenges and opportunities in this growing field is forecasted at the end.

Nanomedicines in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: An Update

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1216-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafis Haider ◽  
Sana Fatima ◽  
Murtada Taha ◽  
Md. Rizwanullah ◽  
Jamia Firdous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Early Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Agents ◽  
Tumor Environment ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Nanoparticulate Systems

: Nanomedicine has revolutionized the field of cancer detection and treatment by enabling the delivery of imaging agents and therapeutics into cancer cells. Cancer diagnostic and therapeutic agents can be either encapsulated or conjugated to nanosystems and accessed to the tumor environment through the passive targeting approach (EPR effect) of the designed nanomedicine. It may also actively target the tumor exploiting conjugation of targeting moiety (like antibody, peptides, vitamins, and hormones) to the surface of the nanoparticulate system. Different diagnostic agents (like contrast agents, radionuclide probes and fluorescent dyes) are conjugated with the multifunctional nanoparticulate system to achieve simultaneous cancer detection along with targeted therapy. Nowadays targeted drug delivery, as well as the early cancer diagnosis is a key research area where nanomedicine is playing a crucial role. This review encompasses the significant recent advancements in drug delivery as well as molecular imaging and diagnosis of cancer exploiting polymer-based, lipid-based and inorganic nanoparticulate systems.

Trends and challenges in biochemical sensors for clinical and environmental monitoring

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Andreescu ◽  
O. A. Sadik
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Sensors ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Dynamic Technique ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Recent Trends

Biochemical sensors have emerged as a dynamic technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of different analytes in clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food and process control. The need for a low-cost, reliable, ultra-sensitive, and rapid sensor continues to grow as the complexity of application areas increases. New biosensing techniques are emerging due to the need for shorter sample preparation protocols. Such novel biosensor designs make field and bed-site clinical testing simpler with substantial decrease in costs per sample throughputs. In this paper, we will review the recent trends and challenges in clinical and environmental biosensors. The review will focus on immunological, nucleic acid, and cell-based clinical and biological sensors. Special emphasis will be placed on the approaches used for immobilization or biological reagents and low-cost electrochemical biosensors. The promising biosensors for rapid diagnosis of cancer or HIV are also discussed.

scholarly journals Nanopore Technology and Its Applications in Gene Sequencing

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Bo Lin ◽  
Jianan Hui ◽  
Hongju Mao
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Thin Membrane ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Biomedical Sensing ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Electrochemical Signal ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer

In recent years, nanopore technology has become increasingly important in the field of life science and biomedical research. By embedding a nano-scale hole in a thin membrane and measuring the electrochemical signal, nanopore technology can be used to investigate the nucleic acids and other biomacromolecules. One of the most successful applications of nanopore technology, the Oxford Nanopore Technology, marks the beginning of the fourth generation of gene sequencing technology. In this review, the operational principle and the technology for signal processing of the nanopore gene sequencing are documented. Moreover, this review focuses on the applications using nanopore gene sequencing technology, including the diagnosis of cancer, detection of viruses and other microbes, and the assembly of genomes. These applications show that nanopore technology is promising in the field of biological and biomedical sensing.

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