Characteristics and mechanism of styrene cationic polymerization in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (107) ◽  
pp. 105322-105330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Han ◽  
Yi-bo Wu ◽  
Yang Dan ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Xiao-qian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Cationic Polymerization ◽  
Wide Range

There has recently been a wide range of trends in the use of ionic liquids (ILs) as reaction solvent for various polymerization processes.

Ionic Liquid Promoted Eco-friendly and Efficient Synthesis of Six-membered Npolyheterocycles

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1124-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navjeet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Reaction Media

Background: The synthesis of N-polyheterocycles by environmentally benign method is highly attractive but challenging proposition. New strategies have been developed for the preparation of polycyclic heterocycles in the last decades. In this review article, the synthesis of nitrogen containing six-membered polycyclic heterocyclic compounds is presented with the application of ionic liquids. This contribution focuses on the literature related to the total synthesis of six-membered N-polyheterocycles. Objective: Ionic liquids not only acted as environmentally benign reaction media but also as catalysts which afforded the very promising replacements of traditional molecular solvents in organic chemistry due to their stability, non-flammability, non-volatility and ease of recyclability. Ionic liquids are utilized in metal catalyzed reactions in place of organic solvents in the last years. It has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Ionic liquids acted as alternatives of organic solvents and these ILs are environment friendly. Conclusion: In the area of green chemistry ionic liquid assisted synthesis is a very promising technique which afforded a flexible platform for the formation of heterocycles. The influence of ILs on the development of efficient and new synthetic protocols over the last decade for the construction of N-polyheterocycles is featured in this review article. These synthetic strategies will continue to attract more attention and will find a wide range of applications in organic synthesis. In conclusion, ionic liquids assisted syntheses have become an efficient and powerful tool in organic chemistry quickly.

Ultrafast and green ionic liquid-mediated controlled cationic polymerization towards amphiphilic diblock copolymers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra Kumar ◽  
Sk Arif Mohammad ◽  
Md Mehboob Alam ◽  
Sanjib Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Cationic Polymerization ◽  
Diblock Copolymers ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymers

Ionic liquids (ILs) have gained lot of interest in recent years for use as solvents in organic transformation/polymerization reaction. However, gaining control over ambient temperature polymerization would expand the utility...

A Study on Permeabilities and Selectivities of Small-Molecule Gases for Composite Ionic Liquid and Polymer Membranes

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 765-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhe Liang ◽  
Quan Gan ◽  
Paul Nancarrow
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Gas Separation ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Polymer Membranes ◽  
Porous Polymer ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes

In recent years, the utilisation of ionic liquids supported on porous polymer membranes has been demonstrated to enhance gas separation performance by improving both permeability and selectivity for several industrially-relevant gas mixtures. However, the use of such supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) is normally not feasible at elevated process temperatures due to the resulting decrease in ionic liquid viscosity, which can lead to increased loss of ionic liquid from the membrane support during operation. In addition, many of the polymer membranes typically used in SILMs exhibit relatively poor mechanical and thermal stabilities at high temperatures. To overcome these problems associated with SILMs, thermally-stable composite ionic liquid and polymer membranes (CILPMs) have been fabricated in this study, thus exploiting the beneficial properties of ionic liquids for gas separation at elevated temperatures. Poly (pyromellitimide-co-4,4-oxydianiline) (PMDA-ODA PI) in combination with the ionic liquid, [C4mi [NTf2] were used to fabricate the CILPMs. A measurement rig was designed and built to determine permeabilities and selectivities of the CILPMs for H2, N2, CO, CO2 and CH4 over a range of pressures and temperatures. The fabricated CILPMs were shown to maintain excellent mechanical and thermal stability over a wide range of processing conditions. Temperature was shown to greatly affect both permeability and selectivity of the membranes, whilst pressure had less influence. The incorporation of [C4mi [NTf2] into the membranes was found to significantly increase CO2 permeation and, therefore, it is anticipated that these CILPMs hold significant potential for CO2 separation applications.

Investigation of an Ionic Liquid As a High-Temperature Electrolyte for Silicon-Lithium Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Rudolf ◽  
Corey Love ◽  
Marriner Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Solid State ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solid State Electrolytes

Abstract Electrolytes for lithium ion batteries which work over a wide range of temperatures are of interest in both research and applications. Unfortunately, most traditional electrolytes are unstable at high temperatures. As an alternative, solid state electrolytes are sometimes used. These are inherently safer because they have no flammable vapors, and solid state electrolytes can operate at high temperatures, but they typically suffer from very low conductivity at room temperatures. Therefore, they have had limited use. Another option which has been previously explored is the use of ionic liquids. Ionic liquids are liquid salts, with nominally zero vapor pressure. Many are liquid over the temperature of interest (20–200°C). And, there is a tremendous range of available chemistries that can be incorporated into ionic liquids. So, ionic liquids with chemistries that are compatible with lithium ion systems have been developed and demonstrated experimentally at room temperature. In this study, we examined a silicon-lithium battery cycling at room temperature and over 150°C. Using half-cell vial and split-cell structures, we examined a standard electrolyte (LiPF6) at room temperature, and an ionic liquid electrolyte (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide) at room temperature and up to ∼150°C. The ionic liquid used was a nominally high purity product purchased from Sigma Aldrich. It was selected based on results reported in the open literature. The anode used was a wafer of silicon, and the cathode used was an alumina-coated lithium chip. The cells were cycled either 1 or 5 times (charge/discharge) in an argon environment at constant current of 50 μA between 1.5 and 0.05 volts. The results for the study showed that at room temperature, we could successfully cycle with both the standard electrolyte and the lithium ion electrolyte. As expected, there was large-scale fracture of the silicon wafer with the extent of cracking having some correlation with first cycle time. We were unable to identify any electrolyte-specific change in the electrochemical behavior between the standard electrolyte and the ionic liquid at room temperature. Although the ionic liquid was successfully used at room temperature, when the temperature was increased, it behaved very differently and no cells were able to successfully cycle. Video observations during cycling (∼1 day) showed that flocs or debris were forming in the ionic liquid and collecting on the electrode surface. The ionic liquid also discolored during the test. Various mechanisms were considered for this behavior, and preliminary tests will be presented. All materials were stable at room temperature, and the degradation appeared to be linked to the electrochemical process. As a conclusion, our working hypothesis is that, particularly at elevated temperatures, ionic liquid cleanliness and purity can be far more important than at room temperature, and small impurities can cause significant hurdles. This creates an important barrier to research efforts, because the “same” ionic liquids could cause failure in one situation and not in another due to impurities.

scholarly journals Photo-Triggered Reversible Phase Transfer of Azobenzene-Based Ionic Liquid Surfactants between Oil and Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Li ◽  
Ying Feng ◽  
Xiaoqing Yuan ◽  
Huiyong Wang ◽  
Yuling Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Immiscible Liquid ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
Aggregation State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reversible Phase

The reversible phase transfer of compounds between two immiscible liquid phases has many applications in a wide range of fields, and ionic liquids have been widely used as potential functional solvents and catalysts. However, photo-triggered reversible phase transfer of ionic liquids between the organic phase and water phase has not been reported so far. In the present work, the reversible phase transfer of six kinds of azobenzene-based ionic liquid surfactants between the organic phase and water phase is investigated by alternative irradiation of UV and visible light. Factors affecting the transfer efficiency, such as chemical structure and concentration of the ionic liquid surfactants, equilibrium photo-isomerization degree, and the aggregation state of ionic liquid surfactants are investigated in detail. It is shown that transfer efficiency greater than 89% was achieved under optimal conditions, equilibrium photo-isomerization degree of the ionic liquid surfactants is the main factor to determine their transfer efficiencies, and the aggregation of cis-isomers is not beneficial for the transfer.

scholarly journals Transport processes of an ionic liquid in various soils

2019 ◽  
pp. 571-578
Author(s):  
Wojciech Mrozik ◽  
Christian Jungnickel ◽  
Piotr Stepnowski
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
New Class ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Soil Component

Ionic liquids are a new class of chemicals which are finding application in a wide varietyof chemical processes. Due to the wide range of possible application in industrialprocesses, the ionic liquids should be evaluated before they enter the environment. Aspart of a sustainable development of chemicals, the fate of the chemical needs to beassessed and interactions characterized. Soils form an essential part of this assessment.This study defines and evaluates interaction of an ionic liquid, l -butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, with the soil component. This entity was chosendue to its frequent applicability in various organic and catalytic processes and it is likelythat it will be soon produced on an industrial scale.Aim of our work focused on the assessment of the partition coefficients of ionic liquidwith different types of saturated soils. The soils used in the experiment were forestry soil,agricultural soil, fluvial agricultural soil, fluvial meadow soil and kaolinite. The partitioncoefficients were determined using equilibrium batch tests. The influences of other factorssuch as pH or ionic strength on sorption dependency of the ionic liquid were also studied.

Post-Synthetic Modification of Ionic Liquids Using Ligand-Exchange and Redox Coordination Chemistry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael LeRoy ◽  
Austin Mroz ◽  
Jenna L. Mancuso ◽  
Aaron Miller ◽  
Allison Van Cleve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Coordination Chemistry ◽  
Ligand Exchange ◽  
Covalent Bonding ◽  
Anion Coordination ◽  
Rheological Measurements ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coordination Spheres

Ionic liquids (ILs) derive their useful properties from molecularly tunable compositions, but methods to diversify anion identities and probe ion speciation remain limited. Here, we demonstrate post-synthetic modification of perhalometallate anions to achieve ionic liquid-to-ionic liquid transformations. Rheological measurements of the metal-containing ILs indicate that minor alterations to anion coordination spheres induces considerable changes to IL viscosities. UV-vis spectra confirm the purities for most ILs, while revealing a surprising cation dependence of perchlorovanadate speciation and supramolecular structure. The intermolecular interactions studied here span a wide range from dispersion to covalent bonding, permitting their impact on IL viscosity to be decoupled and quantified. Together, synthetic strategies from coordination chemistry paired with conventional UV-vis spectroscopy provide a powerful tool for expanding IL compositions and investigating fundamental nanoscale behavior.

Post-Synthetic Modification of Ionic Liquids Using Ligand-Exchange and Redox Coordination Chemistry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael LeRoy ◽  
Austin Mroz ◽  
Jenna L. Mancuso ◽  
Aaron Miller ◽  
Allison Van Cleve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Coordination Chemistry ◽  
Ligand Exchange ◽  
Covalent Bonding ◽  
Anion Coordination ◽  
Rheological Measurements ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coordination Spheres

Ionic liquids (ILs) derive their useful properties from molecularly tunable compositions, but methods to diversify anion identities and probe ion speciation remain limited. Here, we demonstrate post-synthetic modification of perhalometallate anions to achieve ionic liquid-to-ionic liquid transformations. Rheological measurements of the metal-containing ILs indicate that minor alterations to anion coordination spheres induces considerable changes to IL viscosities. UV-vis spectra confirm the purities for most ILs, while revealing a surprising cation dependence of perchlorovanadate speciation and supramolecular structure. The intermolecular interactions studied here span a wide range from dispersion to covalent bonding, permitting their impact on IL viscosity to be decoupled and quantified. Together, synthetic strategies from coordination chemistry paired with conventional UV-vis spectroscopy provide a powerful tool for expanding IL compositions and investigating fundamental nanoscale behavior.

Properties and recent advantages in N,Nʹ-dialkylimidazolium-ion liquids application in electrochemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Alizadeh ◽  
Marzieh Nodehi ◽  
Sadegh Salmanpour ◽  
Fatemeh Karimi ◽  
Afsaneh L. Sanati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Modified Electrodes ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Imidazolium Ionic Liquid ◽  
Carbon Paste Electrodes ◽  
Wide Range

: N,Nʹ-dialkylimidazolium-ion liquids is one of the important ionic liquids with a wide range of application as conductive electrolyte and in electrochemistry. The modified electrodes create a new view in fabrication of electroanalytical sensors. Many modifiers have beeen suggested for modification of electroanalytical sensor since many years ago. Over these years, ionic liquids and especially room temperature ionic liquids have attracted more attention due to their wide range of electrochemical windows and high electrical conductivity. N,Nʹ-dialkylimidazolium-ion liquids are one of the main important ionic liquids suggested for modification of bare electrodes and especially carbon paste electrodes. Although many review articles have reported onthe use of ionic liquids in electrochemical sensors, no review article has been specifically introduced so far on the review of the advantages of N,Nʹ-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquid. Therefore, in this review paper we focused on the introduction of recent advantages of N,Nʹ-dialkyl imidazolium ionic liquid in electrochemistry.

Synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylenesviacationic polymerization in ionic liquids: characteristics and mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoning Li ◽  
Yibo Wu ◽  
Jinghan Zhang ◽  
Shuxin Li ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Cationic Polymerization

The cationic polymerization of isobutylene (IB) was systematically studied in a 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim][PF6]) ionic liquid at −10 °C.

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