The diurnal variability of sulfate and nitrate aerosols during wintertime in the Indo-Gangetic Plain: implications for heterogeneous phase chemistry

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (92) ◽  
pp. 89879-89887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Rajput ◽  
Tarun Gupta ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Heterogeneous Formation ◽  
Heterogeneous Phase ◽  
Phase Chemistry ◽  
First Time ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

Based on daytime and nighttime field-based observations we propose for the first-time the reaction mechanism for the heterogeneous formation of sulfate and nitrate aerosols.

scholarly journals Direct radiative effect by brown carbon over the Indo-Gangetic Plain

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (22) ◽  
pp. 12731-12740 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arola ◽  
G. L. Schuster ◽  
M. R. A. Pitkänen ◽  
O. Dubovik ◽  
H. Kokkola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Radiative Effect ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Brown Carbon ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Aerosol Absorption ◽  
Spectrally Resolved ◽  
First Time ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

Abstract. The importance of light-absorbing organic aerosols, often called brown carbon (BrC), has become evident in recent years. However, there have been relatively few measurement-based estimates for the direct radiative effect of BrC so far. In earlier studies, the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET)-measured aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) and absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) were exploited. However, these two pieces of information are clearly not sufficient to separate properly carbonaceous aerosols from dust, while imaginary indices of refraction would contain more and better justified information for this purpose. This is first time that the direct radiative effect (DRE) of BrC is estimated by exploiting the AERONET-retrieved imaginary indices. We estimated it for four sites in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), Karachi, Lahore, Kanpur and Gandhi College. We found a distinct seasonality, which was generally similar among all the sites, but with slightly different strengths. The monthly warming effect up to 0.5 W m−2 takes place during the spring season. On the other hand, BrC results in an overall cooling effect in the winter season, which can reach levels close to −1 W m−2. We then estimated similarly also the DRE of black carbon and total aerosol, in order to assess the relative significance of the BrC radiative effect in the radiative effects of other components. Even though BrC impact seems minor in this context, we demonstrated that it is not insignificant. Moreover, we demonstrated that it is crucial to perform spectrally resolved radiative transfer calculations to obtain good estimates for the DRE of BrC.

scholarly journals Measurement-based direct radiative effect by brown carbon over Indo-Gangetic Plain

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 21583-21606 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arola ◽  
G. L. Schuster ◽  
M. R. A. Pitkänen ◽  
O. Dubovik ◽  
H. Kokkola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Radiative Effect ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Brown Carbon ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Aerosol Absorption ◽  
Spectrally Resolved ◽  
First Time ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

Abstract. The importance of light absorbing organic aerosols, often called brown carbon (BrC), has become evident in recent years. However, there are relatively few measurement-based estimates for the direct radiative effect of BrC so far. In those earlier studies, the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) measured Aerosol Absorption Optical Depth (AAOD) and Absorption Angstrom Exponent (AAE) have been exploited. However, these two pieces of information are clearly not sufficient to separate properly carbonaceous aerosols from dust, while imaginary indices of refraction would contain more and better justified information for this purpose. This is first time that the direct radiative effect (DRE) of BrC is estimated by exploiting the AERONET-retrieved imaginary indices. We estimated it for four sites in Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), Karachi, Lahore, Kanpur and Gandhi College. We found a distinct seasonality, which was generally similar among all the sites, but with slightly different strengths. The monthly warming effect up to 0.5 W m-2 takes place during spring season. On the other hand, BrC results in overall cooling effect in the winter season, which can reach levels close to −1W m-2. We then estimated similarly also DRE of black carbon and total aerosol, in order to assess the relative significance of BrC radiative effect in the radiative effects of other components. Even though BrC impact seems minor in this context, we demonstrated that it is not insignificant and moreover that it is crucial to perform spectrally resolved radiative transfer calculations to obtain good estimates for DRE of BrC.

Severe air pollution and characteristics of light-absorbing particles in a typical rural area of the Indo-Gangetic Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 10617-10628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Chen ◽  
Shichang Kang ◽  
Lekhendra Tripathee ◽  
Arnico K. Panday ◽  
Maheswar Rupakheti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

scholarly journals Impact of Integrated Agronomic Practices on Soil Fertility and Respiration on the Indo-Gangetic Plain of North India

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 402
Author(s):  
Rama Kant Dubey ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Dubey ◽  
Rajan Chaurasia ◽  
Ch Srinivasa Rao ◽  
Purushothaman Chirakkuzhyil Abhilash
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
North India ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Soil Sustainability ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

Global agricultural production is accountable for the emission of ~30% of greenhouse gases. Therefore, the wide-scale adoptions of low-input, soil-friendly, and resource-conserving agronomic practices are imperative for the ‘planet healthy food production’ and also for reducing the carbon emissions from agricultural soil. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze the impacts of integrated agronomic interventions i.e., the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) + reduced tillage (RT), biochar + RT, and AMF + biochar + RT, on spatiotemporal variations in soil-quality and soil-sustainability indicators, including microbial and soil respiration, in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) of North India. For this, field experiments on the above-mentioned agronomic interventions were employed using three different staple crops (Zea mays, Vigna mungo, and Brassica juncea) growing in three different agro-climatic zones of IGP (Varanasi, Sultanpur, and Gorakhpur) in a randomized block design. Periodic data collection was done to analyze the changes in physiochemical, biological, and biochemical properties of the soil, and statistical analyses were done accordingly. Irrespective of the sites, the experimental results proved that the integrated application of AMF + biochar + RT in V. mungo resulted in the highest soil organic carbon (i.e., 135% increment over the control) and microbial biomass carbon (24%), whereas the same application (i.e., AMF + biochar + RT) in Z. mays had the maximum reduction in microbial (32%) and soil (44%) respiration. On the other hand, enhanced occurrence of glomalin activity (98%) was noted in Z. mays cropping for all the sites. Significant negative correlation between soil respiration and glomalin activity under AMF + biochar + RT (−0.85), AMF + RT (−0.82), and biochar + RT (−0.62) was an indication of glomalin’s role in the reduced rate of soil respiration. The research results proved that the combined application of AMF + biochar + RT was the best practice for enhancing soil quality while reducing respiration. Therefore, the development of suitable packages of integrated agronomic practices is essential for agricultural sustainability.

On the frequency of the 2015 monsoon season drought in the Indo-Gangetic Plain

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (23) ◽  
pp. 12,102-12,112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vimal Mishra ◽  
Saran Aadhar ◽  
Akarsh Asoka ◽  
Sivananda Pai ◽  
Rohini Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain

scholarly journals Urbanization and road-use determines Calotropis procera distribution in the eastern Indo-Gangetic plain, India

AMBIO ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyan P. Sharma ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Akhilesh S. Raghubanshi
Keyword(s):  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain
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